ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ (1900โ€“1973)

<ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Avraham Shlonsky

    ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืžืฉื•ืจืจ, ืกื•ืคืจ, ืžืชืจื’ื ื•ืขื•ืจืš ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื›ืคืจ ืงืจื™ื•ืงื•ื‘, ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ืณ ื‘ืื“ืจ ื‘ืณ ืชืจืดืก, 6 ื‘ืžืืจืก 1900. ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื•, ืขืœ ืกืฃ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื, ืกื™ืžืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•: ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ, ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื“ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืื‘ื™ื•, ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื•ืฆื ื—ื‘ืดื“ื™, ืื™ืฉ ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ, ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืขื. ืืžื•, ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ื•ืจืžืŸ, ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืจื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื ื”, ืืžื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ื ืžื ื“ืœ ืฉื ื™ืื•ืจืกื•ืŸ (ืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžืœื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืฅืณ). ื‘ื ืขื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืžืคืœื’ื” ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืคื” ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžื—ืชืจืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฆืืจ.
    ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืขื•ืช 1905 ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœืขื™ืจ ื™ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืกืœื‘. ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉึพืขืฉืจื” ื ืฉืœื— ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื™ืžื ืกื™ื” ืดื”ืจืฆืœื™ื”ืด. ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืคืจืฆื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ื•ืชืงื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืžื ืกื™ื” ื‘ื™ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืกืœื‘. ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื”ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ืฉืคืชื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ืžื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื‘ืจื” ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ืช ืœื”ื‘ืจื” ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช. ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื ืขื•ืจื™ื•, ืืš ื’ื ื– ืื•ืชื, ื•ืžื”ื ืจืง ืดื‘ื“ืžื™ ื™ืื•ืฉืด ื”ืชืคืจืกื (ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื—, 1918). ืฉื™ืจ ื–ื”, ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•, ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืงืื™ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง, ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืดืฆืขืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืืด ื‘ืจื•ื— ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืชืฉืขึพืขืฉืจื”.
    ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื‘ื•ืœืฉื‘ื™ืงื™ืช ืขื‘ืจื” ืขื™ืจื• ื™ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืกืœื‘ ื˜ืœื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช: ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืื“ื•ื ื•ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื˜ื• ื‘ื” ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช, ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืคืจืขื• ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื ืืกืจื” ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ืชื ื•ืขืช ืดื”ื—ืœื•ืฅืด, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืืจืฆื”. ื”ื•ื ื ืกืข ืœืงืจื™ื ื•ื ื™ืกื” ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ, ืื•ืœื ื”ื”ืจืคืชืงื” ื ื›ืฉืœื”.
    ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช 1921 ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ืดื”ื—ืœื•ืฅืด ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืืจืฆื”, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1921 (ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ืชืจืคืดื‘). ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืฉื”ื” ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืื•ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœื’ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื“. ืฉื ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืดื—ืฆื™ ืคื•ืขืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื•ืจื”ืด ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื ื’ื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืคื–ืžื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ื”ืคื–ืžื•ืŸ ืดืœื ืื›ืคืชืด (ืชื” ื•ืื•ืจื– ื™ืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ), ื•ืชื™ืจื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ืฆื™ื•ื ืœ. ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืฉ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืื™ืฉ ืจื•ื— ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื—ืœื•ืฅ ื•ื”ืฆื ื™ืข ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืฉื•ืจืจ. ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ืžืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื” ืขื“ ืกื™ืžืคื•ื ื™ื” (1954), ืชื™ืืจ ืืช ื˜ืงืก ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ ืฉืขืจื›ื• ืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื ืฉืฉื™ืจื• ืดื”ืจื›ื‘ืด ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ (29.3.1922). ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ืืช ืฉื™ืจื™ ืดื’ืœื‘ื•ืขืด ื•ืดื™ื–ืจืขืืœืด, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืชื™ืืจ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื”ืขืœื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืžืง ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”.
    ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื’ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœืคืจืกื ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ื”ื“ื™ื ืฉืขืจื›ื• ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจืฉ ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ. ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืชื™ื• ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื ืงื• ืžื”ืืกื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื (ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื•ื ื™ื–ื). ื”ื•ื ืชื™ืืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ืชืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ ื•ืืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—, ื”ื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืกื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™. ื›ืŸ ืชื‘ืข ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขื“ ืื– ืดืœื ืืกืชื˜ื™ื™ืืด.
    ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1924 ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืกืคืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื“ื•ื™ (ืดื”ื“ื™ืืด), ืฉื›ืœืœ ืฉืชื™ ืคื•ืืžื•ืช ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืกืคืจ ืชื™ืืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืžื™ื”ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื ืฆื—ื™ืช. ืœืคื™ ืชืคื™ืฉืชื• ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื–ื• ืœื ืชื‘ื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœืฉืืช ื‘ืื•ืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืœ ื”ืžืชืžืฉืš. ื“ื•ื™ ื–ื›ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืคื ื™ื ืฆื•ื ื ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืชื• ื•ืจื™ื—ื•ืงื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 1924 ื ืกืข ืœืคืจื™ื– ื•ืฉื”ื” ื‘ื” ื›ืฉื ื”. ืืช ื”ืคื•ืืžื” ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืช ืดื’ืœื’ื•ืœืด, ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื, ื’ื ื– ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื—ื–ืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื–ืณืื ืจ ื–ื”. ืขื ื—ื–ืจืชื• ืืจืฆื” ื”ื—ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžืืžืจื™ื, ืฉืขื•ืจืจื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืกื•ืขืจื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืคืœืžืก ืขื ืขื•ืจืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ, ื‘ืจืœ ื›ืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ, ืฉื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืดื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจื”ืด, ื•ืœื›ื•ืœื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ. ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืจืื” ื‘ื›ืš ื–ืœื–ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื•ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืดืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืŸ ื›ืดื“ ืฉืขื•ืชืด: ืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืขื™ืกื•ืงื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœื ื—ืœื•ืฅ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืขื ื”ืงืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื (26.7.1926), ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืœืขื•ืจื›ื•, ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืŸ. ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื–ืจ ืœื• ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืขื•ืจืš ื ื•ืกืฃ (12.12.1929). ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื•ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืŸ ื ื™ื”ืœื• ืžืขืœ ื“ืคื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื‘ืง ืžื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง ื•ืกื•ืคืจื™ ื“ื•ืจื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ื. ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืดืจื™ื‘ ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืชืด; ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื•ืœ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ. ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืืช ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœืžื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, ื”ืกื™ืจื” ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืืช ื—ืกื•ืชื” ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื. ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืจืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื™ื•ืจืฉื• ื”ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืดื ื•ืกื—ืด ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื”. ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืขืกืง ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ: ืฉื™ืจืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื. ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื•ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืŸ ื˜ืขื ื• ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง ื—ื•ืœืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื, ืžืคื ื” ืื•ืชื ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืก ื ื›ืกื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ื ืข ื‘ืขื“ื ืžืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช. ืดืžืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื•ืงื‘ืจ ืจื—ืœ ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืืช ืขืžืง ื™ื–ืจืขืืœืด, ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืžืกื” ืดืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆื” ืืœ ื”ืงืฆื”ืด (ื. ื‘. ื™ืคื”. ื. ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ื–ืžื ื•, ืขืžืณ 43). ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง ืดืจืื™ืชื™ื›ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืงื•ืฆืจ ื™ื“ื›ืืด.
    ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืฆื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ืคื™ืจืกื ื‘ื• ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื, ืžืกื•ืช ื•ืžืืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ืœืชื• ืฉืœื• ื›ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืฉื™ืจื” ื–ื•. ื”ื•ื ืชื™ืืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื›ืื™ืฉ ืจื•ื—, ื›ื ื‘ื™ื ืืžืช, ื›ื‘ืŸ ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื‘, ื›ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ื•ื›ื–ืจ ื•ืžื•ื–ืจ ืฉื”ืงื”ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื ืดื”ืžืงื•ืœืœื™ืืด. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืขื‘ื“ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื’ื ื‘ื”ืืจืฅ (1928โ€“1942) ื•ืคื™ืจืกื ืฉื ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช.
    ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืคื™ืจืกื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื”: ืœืื‘ืึพืืžื (1927), ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœ (1927) ื•ื‘ืืœื” ื”ื™ืžื™ื (1930); ืฉื ื™ืึพืขืฉืจ ืกืคืจื™ ืชืจื’ื•ื, ืฉื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืœืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืง; ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื ืดืื”ืœืด ื•ืดื”ื‘ื™ืžื”ืด. ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช.
    ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 1932 ื”ืชืคืจืงื” ื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื. ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื•ึฐื™ืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืคืจืฉื•, ื•ื™ื™ืกื“ื• ืืช ื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ืดื™ื—ื“ื™ื•ืด ื•ืืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ืฉืœื” ื˜ื•ืจื™ื (22.6.1933), ืฉื™ืฆื ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช (1933โ€“1934), ื•ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉ ืœืฉื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช (1938โ€“1939). ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืคื™ืจืกื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืืช ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื•ื”ื• (1934) ื•ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืžืคื•ืœืช ื•ื”ืคื™ื•ืก (1938) ื•ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืคืฆื™ืคื™ืกื˜ื™ ืœื ืชืจืฆื—, ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• (1933). ื‘ึพ1937 ืชื™ืจื’ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืืช ื™ื‘ื’ื ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื™ื’ื™ืŸ ืœืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ 1971 ืขื™ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืฉ ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ึพ1939 ื”ืชืคืœื’ื” ื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ืดื™ื—ื“ื™ื•ืด. ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื•ืขืจืš ืืช ื”ื“ืคื™ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ. ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื–ื ื— ืืช ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœืžื• ื”ืคืฆื™ืคื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื•ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืขื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื ืคืฉ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ื”ืขื˜ ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ ืชืขืžื•ืœื”. ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื• ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืชื™ืจื’ื: ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืžืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื (1946), ืฉื‘ื• ืคื™ืจืกื ื’ื ืืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ืดื ื“ืจืด ื•ืดืžื•ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืื›ื–ื‘ื•ืชืด.
    ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืงื™ืžื™ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื (1939), ื•ืขืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืคื”. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1943โ€“1949 ืขืจืš ืืช ื”ื“ืฃ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืžืจ (ืฉื ืงืจื ืœื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ), ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1946โ€“1948 ืขืจืš ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืŸ ืขืชื™ื. ื‘ึพ1946 ื™ื™ืกื“ ืืช ืดืฆื•ื•ืชื โ€“ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžืชืด. ื›ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ืžืคืœื’ืช ืžืคืดื (1948) ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืฉื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1950โ€“1957 ืขืจืš ืืช ืฉื ื™ืึพืขืฉืจ ื›ืจื›ื™ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ืื•ืจืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืจืื” ืืช ื’ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœื•. ื‘ืื•ืจืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืชืžืฉืš ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžืขืžื“ื• ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื•, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืชืจื•ืžืชื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช: ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ื, ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืชึพืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœืฉืžืืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ืฉืขืžื“ ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืžื›ืจืขืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืดื”ืžืชืงื“ืžืชืด; ืดื”ืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืด.
    ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื”ื•ื ืื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ืœ ืžืคืขืœื•ืชื™ื• ื ื‘ืขื• ืžืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅึพื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืคื•ืจืฅ ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืžื”ื‘ืจื” ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ืช ืœื”ื‘ืจื” ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช. ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืจื” ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช, ืžืœื•ื˜ืฉืช, ื”ืžืชืจื—ืงืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”. ื”ื•ื ืชื™ืืจ ืืช ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื•, ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืขืžืง ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื“, ืืช ืื™ืžืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช, ืืช ืžื•ืจืื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืืช ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืคืจื™ื–, ืืš ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ื›ืœืœืช ื•ืกืžืœื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืชืจื ืชืจื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืจ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช: ื ืชืŸ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ, ืœืื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’, ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืคืŸ, ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ. ื”ื•ื ื—ื ืš ืืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ ืฉื™ืจืชื ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืฆืขื“ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ืคืจื™ ื“ื•ืจ ืชืฉืดื—. ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ืžื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื, ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืคืชื’ืžื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ืžืชืจื’ื ืืžืŸ, ืฉืชื™ืจื’ื ืžืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื: ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืจื•ืžื ื™ื ื•ืžื—ื–ื•ืช. ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืจืื” ืดืžืœืื›ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžืœืื›ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชืด. ืžืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื•: ื‘ืฉืคืœ ืœืžืณ ื’ื•ืจืงื™ (ืžื—ื–ื”, 1933), ืื•ืคืจื” ื‘ื’ืจื•ืฉ ืœืงื•ืจื˜ ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืจื˜ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืจื›ื˜ (ืžื—ื–ื”, 1933), ืจื‘ื™ื–ื•ืจ ืœื ืดื• ื’ื•ื’ื•ืœ (ืžื—ื–ื”, 1935), ืคื•ืืžื” ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ืช ืœืืณ ืžืงืืจื ืงื• (1941), ืฉื™ืจืช ืจื•ืกื™ื” (ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื•ืœืื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’, ื•ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื, 1942), ื”ืžืœื˜ ืœืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ (1946), ื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ืœื ืฉืคื™ื’ืœ ืœืฉืืจืœ ื“ื”ึพืงื•ืกื˜ืจ (1949), ืงื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืจื•ืžืŸ ืจื•ืœืŸ (1950), ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ื‘ืœ (1963).
    ื›ืชื‘ ื’ื ืกืคืจื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื• ื•ืืช ืฉืคืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ. ืชืจื•ืžืชื• ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืกืคืจื™ื• ืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ืงื™ ืžื”ื• (1947), ืื ื™ ื•ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ืœืžื” (1957) ื•ื”ืžื—ื–ื” ืขื•ืฅ ืœื™ ื’ื•ืฅ ืœื™ (1966).
    ื–ื›ื” ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืก ื˜ืฉืจื ื™ื—ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ืœืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ ืžื•ืคืช (1947; 1967), ื‘ืคืจืก ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง (ืขื ืืณ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืŸ, 1960), ื‘ืคืจืก ื™ืฉืจืืœ (1967) ื•ื‘ืคืจืก ืคื™ื›ืžืŸ (1973). ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืžื•ืชื• ืขื•ื“ ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœื“ืคื•ืก ืืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืืš ืกืคืจื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืกืคืจ ื”ืกื•ืœืžื•ืช, ืจืื” ืื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืชื•.
    ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื˜ืดื– ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืœืดื’, 18 ื‘ืžืื™ 1973.

 
ืœื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืขืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช

ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืŸึพื™ื”ื•ื“ื”
 

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ื—ื’ื™ืช ื”ืœืคืจื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช 
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ืงืจืกืœ, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, ืืชืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™, ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื•ืคืง ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืชื“ื”ืจ, ะญะปะตะบั‚ั€ะพะฝะฝะฐั ะตะฒั€ะตะนัะบะฐั ัะฝั†ะธะบะปะพะฟะตะดะธั, ITHL]
[ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื”ื ืก ื—. ืคื™ืŸ, ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืขืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช] 


ื’ื•ื‘ืจื™ืŸ, ื ื•ืจื™ืช. ืดืžืขื’ืœื• ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœืžื•ืกืด. ืดืžืื•ืคืง ืืœ ืื•ืคืง: ื’. ืฉื•ืคืžืŸ, ื—ื™ื™ื• ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•ืด ื‘ืณ. ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘: ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘. 1982. 428โ€“457;
ื”ื•ืœืฆืžืŸ, ืื‘ื ืจ. ืดืขืžืง ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืชืด. ืดืื”ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸืด. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื: ื›ืจืžืœ. 2006. 188โ€“208;
ื”ืœืคืจื™ืŸ, ื—ื’ื™ืช (ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื’ืœื™ื” ืฉื’ื™ื‘). ืดืžืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื” ืขื“ ืกื™ืžืคื•ื ื™ื”, ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืงืœื” ืฉืœ ืดืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ืด ื•ืคืืจื•ื“ื™ื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืชื•ืด. ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘: ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืฅ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. 1997;
ื”ืœืคืจื™ืŸ, ื—ื’ื™ืช ื•ื–ื™ื•ื” ืฉืžื™ืจ. ืดืจืืฉื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืณืžืื–ื ื™ื™ืืณ. ืดืžืื–ื ื™ื™ืืด โ€“ ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ, ืžืดื— (5โ€“6), ืืคืจื™ืœโ€“ืžืื™ 1979. 23โ€“37;
ื–ืžื•ืจื”, ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืดืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ืด. ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘: ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•. 1937;
ื™ืจื“ื ื™, ื’ืœื™ื”. ืดืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ืด. ืดื˜ืดื– ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื ืกื•ืคืจื™ืืด. ืขื™ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื“: ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“. 1961. 118โ€“109;
ื›ื”ืŸ, ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืดืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ืด. ืดืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ืืด. ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘: ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•. 1979. 138โ€“150;
ืฉื‘ื™ื˜, ื–ื”ืจ. ืดื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ 1910โ€“1933ืด. ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘: ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“. 1982.

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ืœืื‘ืึพืืžื : ืฆืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื, ืชืจืคืดื–) <ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ืœืžืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื™ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื™ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ึพ2010>
  • ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืคื•ืื™ืžื•ืช (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื‘ืจ, ืชืจืคืดื–)
  • ืื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื• : ื•ื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ ืฉืขืจื™ื โ€“ ืื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื•, ื•ื›ืจื›ื™ืืœ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ืชืจืฆืดื“)
  • ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืžืคึบืœืช ื•ื”ืคื™ื•ืก : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ืชืจืฆืดื—)
  • ืขืœ ืžืœืืช (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, 1947)
  • ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, 1954) <ืฉื ื™ ื›ืจื›ื™ื>
  • ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืืฉืœ
  • ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื•ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชืฉื›ืดื– 1967) <ืœื™ืงื˜ ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื‘ื•ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื โ€“ ื.ื‘. ื™ืคื”>
  • ืžืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจื•ืš (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, 1968)
  • ื›ืชื‘ื™ื (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” ; ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืœืดื‘ 1971) 10 ื›ืจืณ.
    ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ:
    • ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื›ืจื›ื™ื):
      • ื. ืกืชื. ื‘ื—ืคื–ื™. ื“ื•ื™.
      • ื‘. ื’ืœื‘ืข ืœืš ืœืš. ืžืชื™ื. ื‘ืืœื” ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
      • ื’. ืื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื•. ื›ืจื›ื™ืืœ.
      • ื“. ืขืœ ืžืœืืช. ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื•ืจื”.
      • ืื‘ื ื™ ื’ื•ื™ืœ. ืฆืžืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืคื”. ืื‘ื ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœ. ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ.
    • ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื” ื: ืžืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืคืช, ืžืฉื™ืจืช ืจื•ืกื™ื”.
    • ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘: ืžืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืขืžื™ื, ืžืฉื™ืจืช ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ.
    • ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื ืžืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื: ื™ื‘ื’ื ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืŸ ืžืืช ืืดืก ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ.
    • ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื ืžืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื: ืžื—ื–ื•ืช, ืœื™ืจื™ืงื” ืžืืช ืืดืก ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ.
    • ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื ืžืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื: ื”ืžืœื˜, ื”ืžืœืš ืœื™ืจ ืžืืช ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ.
  • ืกืคืจ ื”ืกืœืžื•ืช : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืœืดื’ 1973)
  • ืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ืžื•ืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื•ืขื™ืจื™ืช ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ื™ืคื•, ืชืฉืœืดื“ 1973) <ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื โ€“ ืืจื™ื” ื ื‘ื•ืŸ> <ืฉื™ืจื™ื>
  • ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืชึพื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื™ื“ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™, ืชืฉืœืดื– 1977) <ื›ื™ื ื•ืก, ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ืคืชื— ื“ื‘ืจ โ€“ ืืจื™ื” ืื”ืจื•ื ื™; ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืคื•ืก ื—ื™ื™ื ืคืœื’>
  • ืžืœืืช (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืœืดื˜) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื>
  • ืคืจืงื™ ื™ื•ืžืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืžืดื 1981) <ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืคื•ืก โ€“ ืืจื™ื” ืื”ืจื•ื ื™>
  • ื”ื’ืœ ื”ืงืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช :  ืคื–ืžื•ื ื•ืช ืคืจืกื•ื ืžืคืจื™ ืขื˜ื ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™, ื ืชืŸ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ื•ืœืื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืคืจื•ื–ื”, ืชืฉืžืดื”) <ื›ื™ื ืก, ื‘ื—ืจ ื•ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื ืื•ืจื™ ืกืœืข ; ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืžืืช ืืจื™ื” ื ื‘ื•ืŸ>
  • ื“ื’ืฉ ืงืœ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื : ืงืจืŸ ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืืžื ื•ืช ืขืดืฉ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ : ื™ื“ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™, ืชืฉื ืดื“ 1993) <ื›ื™ื ืก, ืขืจืš ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืคื•ืก ืืจื™ื” ืื”ืจื•ื ื™>
  • ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ืฆืขื™ืจื” : ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืœืฆื™ืœื” ืฉืžื™ืจ, 1971โ€“1973 (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“, 1997) <ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื—ืจื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืืช ื—ื’ื™ืช ื”ืœืคืจื™ืŸ>
  • ืžืกื•ืช ื•ืžืืžืจื™ื : ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, 1922โ€“1933 (ื‘ื ื™ึพื‘ืจืง : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืขืœึพืฉื ืœืื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅึพืงื™ืค, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘, ืชืฉืขืดื 2011) <ืขืจื™ื›ื”, ืžื‘ื•ื ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช โ€“ ื—ื’ื™ืช ื”ืœืคืจื™ืŸ ื•ื’ืœื™ื” ืฉื’ื™ื‘ ; ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืจื—ืœ ื•ืจื“ื™ื’ืจึพืกื˜ืคืง> <ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื ื“ืคืกื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืดืžื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืด ืฉืœ ื’ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ืดื”ื“ื™ืืด, ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืŸ ืดื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ืืด ื•ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ืดื“ื‘ืจืด ื•ืดื”ืืจืฅืด. ืจื•ื‘ื ื›ื•ื ืกื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืœื”ื ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื>

ืชืจื’ื•ื:

  • ื—ื™ื™ื ... / ื“. ืื‘ืจื”ืžื™ืช (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื, ืชืจืคืดื˜) <ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžื›ืชื‘ึพื™ื“>
  • ื™ื‘ื’ื ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืŸ : (ืจื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื) / ืžืืช ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืขืดื™ ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ, ืชืจืฆืดื–) <ืžื”ื“ืณ ืฉื ื™ื” ื™ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืดื”; ืžื”ื“ืณ ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืืจื™ื” ืื”ืจื•ื ื™ ื™ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื ืดื‘ 1992, ืžื”ื“ืณ ื“ื•ึพืœืฉื•ื ื™ืช, ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืจื•ืกื™ืช, ืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชืฉื ืดื˜ 1999 ื•ืžื”ื“ืณ ืืœื‘ื•ืžื™ืช ืžืื•ื™ื™ืจืช ืขื ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžืืช ืืจื™ื” ืื”ืจื•ื ื™, ืœืื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื•ืขืžื™ื ื“ื‘ ื“ื™ืงืžืŸ ื•ืขื ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžืืช ื . ืงื•ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ึพ2007>
  • ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ืจืื‘ื™ืฆืจ / ืคื™ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ืื•ืจืกื•ืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืกื“ื”, 1939โ€“1940) 2 ื›ืจืณ. <ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ืช ื‘ืชืฉื˜ืดื– ื•ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ึพ2013>
  • ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช / ืื™ืฆื™ืง ืžื ื’ืจ (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, 1941)
  • ืžืกืขื™ ื”ืฆืคืจื™ื / ืง. ื“ื•ื™ื“ื•ื‘ (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, 1941) <ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื โ€“ ื’. ืจื™ื˜ืœืจ ; ืคืชื—ึพื“ื‘ืจ ืžืืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉื•ืข ืžืจื’ื•ืœื™ืŸ> <ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื™ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉืœืดื‘ 1972>
  • ื–ืณืŸ ืฉืŸ โ€“ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื / ืžื™ื›ืื™ืœ ืคืจื™ืฉื•ื™ืŸ (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, 1942)
  • ืกืงื™ืชื™ื / ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืง (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืชืฉืดื’) <ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืจื•ืกื™ืช, ืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืขืžื•ื“>
  • ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ืœื ืฉืคื™ื’ืœ ื•ืœืžื” ื’ื•ื“ื–ืง :  ืœืกืคืจ ื›ืœ ืขืœื™ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ื ื”ืขื•ื– ื•ื”ืชื”ื™ืœื” ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืœืœื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคืœืื ื“ืจืŸ ื•ืฉืืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช / ืฉืจืœ ื“ื”ึพืงื•ืกื˜ืจ (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืดื˜ 1949) <ื—ืชื•ื›ื™ึพืขืฅ โ€“ ืคืจื ืฅ ืžืกืจืœ>
  • ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช / ื. ืก. ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉื˜ืดื• 1954)
  • ื”ืžืœืš ืœื™ืจ / ืžืืช ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืืจืฆื™, ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืชืฉื˜ืดื•)
  • ื‘ื•ืจื™ืก ื’ื•ื“ื•ื ื•ื‘ / ืžืืช ืืดืก ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, 1956)
  • ื”ืื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื›ื™ืœื™ / ื.ืก. ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, 1957)
  • ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื / ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ื‘ืœ (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืชืฉื›ืดื’ 1963) <ืดื”ื“ืคืกื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจืด ื™ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉืžืดื 1981 ืดืžื‘ื—ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ืœื›ืชื•ืช ื™ืณโ€“ื™ืดื‘ ืด>
  • ืฉื™ืจื” / ื.ืก. ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, 1966) <ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ: ื™ื‘ื’ื ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืŸ โ€“ ื‘ื•ืจื™ืก ื’ื•ื“ื•ื ื•ื‘ โ€“ ื”ืื‘ื™ืจ ื”ื›ื™ืœื™ โ€“ ืžื•ืฆืจื˜ ื•ืกืœื™ืจื™ โ€“ ืื•ืจื— ื”ืื‘ืŸ โ€“ ืžืฉืชื” ืœืขืช ื“ื‘ืจ โ€“ ืจื•ืกืœืงื” โ€“ ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื, ืžืืช ืœืื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’>
  • ืžื›ืžืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืจื ืฉื—ืจ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืคื•ืืžื•ืช (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืœืดื’ 1973)
  • ืกื“ื•ื, ื—ืœื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืœื, ืฉืืค / ื”. ืœื•ื™ืง (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื : ื™ื“ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™, ืชืฉืžืดื“ 1983) <ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืคื•ืก ืืจื™ื” ืื”ืจื•ื ื™>
  • ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืืœ ื”ืฉืžืฉ : ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช / ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืื‘ืœ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื : ื™ื“ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™, ืชืฉืžืดื“ 1984) <ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืคื•ืก ืืจื™ื” ืื”ืจื•ื ื™>
  • ื™ื‘ื’ื ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืŸ / ืืดืก ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, 1999) <ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ืขืžื•ื“>
  • ื™ื‘ื’ื ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืŸ / ื. ืก. ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ (ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, 2007) <ื”ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื™ืจ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ื . ืงื•ื–ืžื™ืŸ; ืžื”ื“ืณ ืืœื‘ื•ืžื™ืช ืžืื•ื™ื™ืจืช; ื›ื•ืœืœ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžืืช ืืจื™ื” ืื”ืจื•ื ื™, ืœืื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื•ืขืžื™ื ื“ื‘ ื“ื™ืงืžืŸ>

ืขืจื™ื›ื”:

  • ืœื ืชืจืฆื— : ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” / ืžืฆื•ืจืคื™ื, ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื™ื ื•ืžื•ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืืžืจึพืžื‘ื•ื ืขืดื™ ืืณ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื—ื“ื•, ืชืจืฆืดื‘)
  • 6 ืคืจืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื” / ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื. ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืดื) <ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ: ืฉืœืฉื” ืงื•ืœื•ืช / ืจืคืืœ ืืœื™ืขื– โ€“ ืฉื™ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืื—ื™ื / ื ืชืŸ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ โ€“ ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื / ื™ื•ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืชึพืžืจื™ื โ€“ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื—ื” / ืœืื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ โ€“ ื‘ืจืงื™ืข ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ / ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืคืŸ โ€“ ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืœื—ื ื•ื”ืžื™ื / ื. ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™>
  • ืฉื™ืจืช ืจื•ืกื™ื” / ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื. ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื•ืœ. ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, 1942) <ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืคืงืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืช ื™ืฆืืช ืœืื•ืจ ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืžืดื’ 1983>
  • ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื : ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืžืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžืชึพื”ืขื•ืœื (ืขื™ืŸึพื—ืจื•ื“ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืดื• 1945) <ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืคืงืกื™ืžื™ืœื™ืช ื™ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื•ืดื™ื“ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ืด ื‘ืชืฉืžืดื” 1985>

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:

ืกืคืจื™ื: ืžืืžืจื™ื:
ืขืœ ืดืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืžืคึบืœืช ื•ื”ืคื™ื•ืกืด
ืขืœ ืดื‘ื’ืœื’ืœืด
ืขืœ ืดืื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื•ืด
  • ื“ืŸ, ื ื˜ืข.  ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืจื™ืกื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ ืื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื•ื”ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™.  ื—ืœืงืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ: ื›ืชื‘ึพืขืช ืœื‘ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืขื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ืช, ื’ืœืณ 52 (ืชืฉืดืฃ, 2019โ€“2020), ืขืžืณ 155โ€“170.
  • ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ, ื“ืŸ. ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื™ืฉื ื” : ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ืื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื•ื”ื• ืœื. ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•. ื‘ืฆืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื ื” ืœื”, ื›ืจืš ืกื”, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ ื” (312) (ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸโ€“ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืœืดื“, ื™ื•ื ื™ 1974), ืขืžืณ 201โ€“223.<ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืฆืื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœืื•ืช ืฉื ื” ืœืคื˜ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ.  ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก (ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช) ื‘ืณืขื›ืฉื™ื•ืณ, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 29โ€“30 (ืกืชื™ื• ืชืฉืœืดื” 1974), ืขืžืณ 63โ€“85, ื‘ืฉื: ืดื”ืขืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื™ืฉื ื” โ€“ ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ืื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื•ื”ื• ืœื. ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืด ื•ื‘ืณืขื›ืฉื™ื•ืณ, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 64  (1995โ€“1996), ืขืžืณ 114โ€“133>
  • ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ, ื“ืŸ.  ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช : ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืœืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื•ื”ื• ื•ืœืžืงื•ืžื• ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช.  ื‘ืฆืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื ื” ืœื”, ื›ืจืš ืกื”, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ ื• (313) (ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืœืดื“, ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1974), ืขืžืณ 283โ€“290.
ืขืœ ืดืฉื™ืจื™ืืด (1954) ืขืœ ืดื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืืฉืœืด ืขืœ ืดืžืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจื•ืšืด
  • ื‘ืŸ, ืžื ื—ื [ืžื ื—ื ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ].  ื›ืชื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื•ื›ืชื‘ึพื”ื™ื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื™.  ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ  21โ€“24 (ืชืฉื›ืดื— 1968), ืขืžืณ  281โ€“288 <ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื•ืขืœ ืกืคืจื• ืดืžืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจื•ืšืด>
  • ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ, ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ.  ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™.  ืžืื–ื ื™ื,  ื›ืจืš ื›ืดื–, ื’ืœืณ 3โ€“4 (ืื‘โ€“ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉื›ืดื—, ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜โ€“ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1968), ืขืžืณ 242โ€“247.
ืขืœ ืดืื‘ื ื™ ื’ื•ื•ื™ืœืด ืขืœ ืดืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ืžื•ืŸืด
  • ืื•ืคื ื”ื™ืžืจ, ื™ื•ื—ืื™. ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉืžืžื” ื•ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™. ืืœืคื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 23 (2002), ืขืžืณ 83โ€“103. <ื”ืžืืžืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืœืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ืžืจืืฉื™ืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช: ืดืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ืžื•ืŸืด ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ (1929) ื•ืดืฉื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื”ื ื’ื‘ืด ืฉืœ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ื‘ื’ืจืกื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช (1949, 1957)>
  • ืฉื—ื, ื—ื™ื”.  ื”ืืช ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ืžื•ืŸ.  ืžืื–ื ื™ื: ื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ื›ืจืš ืขืดื“, ื’ืœืณ 8 (2000), ืขืžืณ 28โ€“35 <ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื” ื”ืคื•ืื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืืžื” ืดืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ืžื•ืŸืด ืœืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™>
  • ืฉื—ื, ื—ื™ื”.  ืดื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืฉื ื”ื‘ื™ืืด : ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืœืขืฆืžื• : ื’ื™ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸึพื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื ื™ืึพื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืืžื” ืณืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ืžื•ืŸืณ.  ื‘ืกืคืจื”: ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื : ื‘ื™ืŸึพื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช, ืžื’ืขื™ื ื•ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” (ื‘ืืจึพืฉื‘ืข : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืŸึพื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื’ื‘, ืชืฉืกืดื“ 2004), ืขืžืณ 95โ€“113.
ืขืœ ืดืขืœ ืžืœืืชืด
  • ื”ื™ืจืฉื‘ืจื’, ื™ืฆื—ืง.  ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ โ€“ ืดืขืœ ืžืœืืชืด : ืœื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ.  ืงื•ืœ ื”ืขื, ื›ืดื ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืดื—, 5 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1947, ืขืžืณ 4.
  • ืฉื‘ื™ื“, ืืœื™. ื”ืžื•ื–ื” ื”ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืช : ืฉื™ืจืช ืืจืฅึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืดืขืœ ืžืœืืชืด ืžืืช ื. ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™. ื‘ืกืคืจื•:   ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉื›ืดื“ 1964), ืขืžืณ 107โ€“121.
ืขืœ ืดืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ืงื™ ืžื”ื•ืด
  • ื”ื™ืจืฉื‘ืจื’, ื™ืฆื—ืง. ืดืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ืงื™ ืžื”ื•ืด ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™.  ืงื•ืœ ื”ืขื, ื’ืณ ื‘ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืดื—, 17 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1947, ืขืžืณ 4.
ืขืœ ืดืขื•ืฅ ืœื™ ื’ื•ืฅ ืœื™ืด
  • ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ืžืŸ, ืžืื™ื”. ืณืขื•ืฅ ืœื™ ื’ื•ืฅ ืœื™ืณ ื•ืณืืœื“ื“ ื•ืžื™ื“ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืจ ืื—ื“ืณ : ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืณื‘ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื—ืŸืณ. ื‘ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 38 (ืงื™ืฅ ืชืฉืกืดื” 2005), ืขืžืณ 219โ€“231.
ืขืœ ืดืกืคืจ ื”ืกื•ืœืžื•ืชืด
ืขืœ ืดืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืชืด
  • ืื‘ืŸึพืฉื•ืฉืŸ, ืฉืœืžื”.  ื‘ื—ื•ืชื ืื”ื‘ื” : ืขืœ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช.  ื‘ืกืคืจื•: ืขืœ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื : ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ืกืคืจื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืœืดื˜), ืขืžืณ 277โ€“282.
  • ื‘ื™ืจื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ืคืœื˜ื™ืืœ.  ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื”.  ื”ื“ื•ืืจ, ืฉื ื” 58, ื’ืœืณ ื›ืณ (ื›ืดื“ ื‘ืื“ืจ ืชืฉืœืดื˜, 23 ื‘ืžืืจืก 1979), ืขืžืณ 322.
  • ืงืจืกืœ, ื’. ืคื ื™ื ื™ึพื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ื. ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™.  ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืžืดื–, ื’ืœืณ 2 (ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืœืดื—, ื™ื•ืœื™ 1978), ืขืžืณ 148โ€“150.
  • ืฉื”ึพืœื‘ืŸ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ. ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื. ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™. ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืœื”ื•ืจืื”, ื’ืœืณ ื˜โ€“ื™ืณ (ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืœืดื˜, ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1979), ืขืžืณ 68โ€“69.
ืขืœ ืดื“ื’ืฉ ืงืœืด
  • ืืœืžื’ื•ืจ, ื“ืŸ.  ื—ื›ื, ื—ื›ื ื•ื ืชื—ื›ื.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 63 (ืืณ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉื ืดื“, 11 ื‘ืžืื™ 1994), ืขืžืณ 6.
ืขืœ ืดืžืœืืชืด
  • ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื™, ืื‘ืจื”ื.  ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืงื˜ื ืช.  ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื ืดื, ื’ืœืณ 1 (ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืดื, ื™ื•ื ื™ 1980), ืขืžืณ 66โ€“67.
ืขืœ ืดืคืจืงื™ ื™ื•ืžืŸืด ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืืจื™ื” ืื”ืจื•ื ื™
ืขืœ ืดืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ืฆืขื™ืจื”ืด, ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืœืฆื™ืœื” ืฉืžื™ืจ
  • ื”ืœืคืจื™ืŸ, ื—ื’ื™ืช.  ืื—ืจื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจ.  ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ืฆืขื™ืจื” : ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืœืฆื™ืœื” ืฉืžื™ืจ, 1971โ€“1973 (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“, 1997), ืขืžืณ 93โ€“104.
  • ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ, ื”ืœื™ืช. ืžืคื—ื“ ืœืื‘ื“. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 232 (ื’ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉื ืดื–, 6 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1997), ืขืžืณ 7.
  • ืขืžื™ืชึพื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™, ื—ื ื”.  ืžืžื” ื”ืชืคืขืœ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ื, ื˜ืดื• ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉื ืดื–, 20 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1997, ืขืžืณ 28.
ืขืœ ืดืฉืฉื” ืกื“ืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื”: ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ืด
  • ืœืื•ืจ, ื™ืฆื—ืง. ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื›ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ืจื’ื™. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื›ืดื• ื‘ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืกืดื’, 1 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2002, ืขืžืณ ื”1.
ืขืœ ืด6 ืคืจืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื”ืด ืขืœ ืดืœื ืชืจืฆื—ืด
  • ื—ื‘ืจ, ื—ื ืŸ. ืดื›ืคืจื“ืก ืฉื™ืจืชื ื•ืด: ืื ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฅึพื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื›ืืŸ: ื›ืชื‘ึพืขืช ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 1 (2000), ืขืžืณ 64โ€“84.
ืขืœ ืดืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ืืด
  • ื—ื‘ืจ, ื—ื ืŸ. ืดื›ืคืจื“ืก ืฉื™ืจืชื ื•ืด: ืื ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฅึพื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื›ืืŸ: ื›ืชื‘ึพืขืช ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 1 (2000), ืขืžืณ 64โ€“84.
ืขืœ ืดื—ื™ื™ื ื’ืจืื‘ื™ืฆืจืด ืžืืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืคื™ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ืื•ืจืกื•ืŸ
ืขืœ ืดื™ื‘ื’ื ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืŸืด ืœืืดืก ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ
  • ื’ืœืคืจื™ืŸ (ื‘ืœื•ืคื•ืœืกืงื™), ื™ื•ืœื™ื”. ื”ืคื•ืืžื” ืณื™ื‘ื’ื ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืŸืณ ืฉืœ ืืณ ืกืณ ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ : ืชืจื’ื•ืžื” ืœืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืืณ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ื•ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืขื ืชืจื’ื•ืžื” ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืณ ื ื‘ื•ืงื•ื‘ (ืจืžืชึพื’ืŸ, ืชืฉืกืดื• 2006) <ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื’ืžืจ (ืžืดื)โ€“ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจึพืื™ืœืŸ, ืชืฉืกืดื• 2006>
  • ื”ื™ืจืฉ, ืืœื™.  ืดื™ื‘ื’ื ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื’ื™ืŸืด.  ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, 7 ื™ืžื™ื โ€“ ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช, 14 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2007.
  • ืœื•ื™ืชืŸ, ืขืžื•ืก.  ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืดืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืืด ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™.  ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ืฉื ื” ืœืดื, ื’ืœืณ 327โ€“328 (ืฉื‘ื˜โ€“ืื“ืจ ืชืฉืกืดื—, ื™ื ื•ืืจโ€“ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2008), ืขืžืณ 31โ€“32.
  • ืœืคื™ื“ื•ืก, ืจื™ื ื”.  ืณื™ื‘ื’ื ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื™ื’ื™ืŸืณ ืฉืœ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™.  ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื›ืจืš ื›ืณ (ืชืฉืกืดื• 2006), ืขืžืณ 253โ€“270. <ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืฉื‘ื—ืช ืืช ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ ืœืดื™ื‘ื’ื ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื™ื’ื™ืŸืด ื•ืžืขืœื” ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ.>
  • ืžื™ืจืกืงื™, ื ื™ืœื™.  ืึธื”ื•ื‘ ืœื ื˜ึถื‘ืข ื™ืœืžื“ื ื•.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ื, ื›ืดื’ ื‘ืื“ืจ ืืณ ืชืฉืกืดื—, 29 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2008, ืขืžืณ 27.
  • ืขืจื“, ืžืื™ื”.  ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ืคืœื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 776 (ื‘ืณ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืกืดื—, 9 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2008), ืขืžืณ 28, 30.
ืขืœ ืดื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืชืด ืœืื™ืฆื™ืง ืžื ื’ืจ
  • ืื•ื™ืจื‘ืš, ืฉืœืžื”. ืื™ืฆื™ืง ืžื ื’ืจ: ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.  ืžืฆื•ื“ื”, ืกืคืจ ื”โ€“ื• (ืชืฉืดื— 1948), ืขืžืณ 590โ€“593.
ืขืœ ืดืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ืœื ืฉืคื™ื’ืœ ื•ืœืžื” ื’ื•ื“ื–ืงืด ืžืืช ืฉืืจืœ ื“ื”ึพืงื•ืกื˜ึถืจ
ืขืœ ืดืžืกืขื™ ื”ืฆืคืจื™ืืด ืžืืช ืง. ื“ื•ื™ื“ื•ื‘
  • ื‘ืŸึพืขื–ืจ, ืื”ื•ื“.  ืžืกืขื™ ื”ืฆืคืจื™ื.  ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ, ื“ืฃ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืดื˜ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืœืดื‘, 8 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1972, ืขืžืณ 15.
ืขืœ ืดื–ืณืŸึพืฉืŸ โ€“ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืืด ืœืžื™ื›ืื™ืœ ืคืจื™ืฉื•ื•ื™ืŸ
  • ื ืฆืจ, ืจื•ืช. ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื” ืืœ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ืžืขื’ืœื™ ืงืจื™ืื”: ื›ืชื‘ึพืขืช ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 28 (2001), ืขืžืณ 91โ€“93 <ื ื•ืกื— ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื”: ื”ืฉืœื ื•ืฉื‘ืจื• : ืžื™ืชื•ืก, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืฉื™ืจื” : ื›ื™ื ื•ืก ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืžื‘ื˜ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืขืžืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื’ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืจืžืœ, ืชืฉืดืข 2009), ืขืžืณ 173โ€“178>
ืขืœ ืดื—ื™ื™ื ...ืด ืœื“ื•ืจื” ืื‘ืจื”ืžื™ืช
  • ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืจ, ื—ื™ื™ื.  ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืฉื”.  ื‘ืกืคืจื•: ืคืจืงื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช / ืœื™ืงื˜ ื•ื›ื™ื ืก ื–ืื‘ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืจ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืงืจื™ืชึพืกืคืจ, ืชืฉืดืš 1960), ืขืžืณ 73โ€“74 <ืคื•ืจืกื ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืดืคืจื™ื™ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืด, 1 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1929>
  • ืคื™ื›ืžืŸ, ื™ืขืงื‘.  ื—ื™ื™ื ... ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ืฉื ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื’ืœืณ ื™ืดื‘ (ื›ืดื— ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืจืคืดื˜, 7 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1929), ืขืžืณ 14โ€“15.
ืขืœ ืดืกืงื™ืชื™ืืด ืœืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืง
ืขืœ ืดืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจืด ืœืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ื‘ืœื•ืง
  • ืคืจื™ื“ืœื ื“ืจ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ [ื™.ืค.] ืดืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจืด. ืงืฉืช, ืฉื ื” ื—ืžืฉึพืขืฉืจื”, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ ืืณ (ื ื–) (ืกืชื™ื• 1972), ืขืžืณ 191โ€“192.
ืขืœ ืดืฉื™ืจืช ืจื•ืกื™ื”ืด
  • ื‘ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ื™ื•ืจื. ืฉื™ืจืช ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื•ืดื”ืคืœื™ื™ืื“ื” ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ืชืด. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, 2 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1983 <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืชื”ื™ึถื” : ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื”, ืคืจื•ื–ื” ื•ืžืกื” ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช / ืขืจืš ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจ โ€“ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื ืคืœื“ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืจืžืœ, ืชืฉืกืดื• 2006), ืขืžืณ 74โ€“79>
ืขืœ ืดืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ืืด ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ื‘ืœ
  • ื‘ืจึพื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ.  ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืื‘ืœ: ืดืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ื›ื™ืด, ืดื‘ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืด ื•ืดื”ืžืœืšืด ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืชืฉืžืดื– 1987)  <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื” ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืงืจื™ืื” : ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช (ืžื‘ืฉืจืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ : ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ, 2006), ืขืžืณ 339โ€“365>
  • ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’, ืœืื”.  ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ื‘ืœ: ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ...  ืืžื•ืช, ืฉื ื” ืืณ, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ ื•ืณ (ืกื™ื•ืŸโ€“ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉื›ืดื’, ื™ื•ื ื™โ€“ื™ื•ืœื™ 1963), ืขืžืณ 89โ€“95.
  • ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ, ื“ืŸ. ืขื ืชืจื’ื•ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื‘ืื‘ืœ. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื“ืณ ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉื›ืดื’, 29 ื‘ืžืืจืก 1963, ืขืžืณ 10, 14.
ืขืœ ื›ืจืš ืดืฉื™ืจื”ืด ืœืืดืก ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืืณ ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™
  • ื‘ื”ื˜, ื™ืขืงื‘. ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื.ืก. ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ, ื“ืฃ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ื˜ืดื– ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉื›ืดื–, 30 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1966, ืขืžืณ 5, 6
  • ื‘ืจืชื™ื ื™, ืง.ื. ื—ื’ ืฉืœ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ, ื“ืฃ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ื™ืดื– ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉื›ืดื•, 2 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1966, ืขืžืณ 5
  • ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’, ืœืื”. ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ, ื“ืฃ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ื™ืณ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉื›ืดื•, 26 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1966, ืขืžืณ 5, 6
  • ื’ื•ืจืคื™ื™ืŸ, ืจื‘ืงื”.  ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ื”ืžืชืจื’ื.   ื‘ืกืคืจื”: ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ : ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืœืดื‘ 1972), ืขืžืณ 196โ€“200.
  • ืขื“ืดืœ. ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืจื’ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ, ื“ืฃ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ื™ืณ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉื›ืดื•, 26 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1966, ืขืžืณ 5.
ืขืœ ืดืžื›ืžืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืจืึพืฉื—ืจืด ืœื“ื•ืจื” ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืœื‘ื•ื™ื
ืขืœ ืดืกื“ื•ื, ื—ืœื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืœื, ืฉืืคืด ืœื”. ืœื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ืง
  • ื‘ื™ืœืฆืงื™, ื™ืดื—. ืœื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ืง ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ, ื“ืฃ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ื˜ืณ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืžืดื“, 13 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1984, ืขืžืณ 6.
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

OpenLibrary โ€“ OL1308944A Wikidata โ€“ Q373167 NLI โ€“ 987007268011305171 LC โ€“ n82096131 VIAF โ€“ 51842906
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 2 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2026

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