ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ (1941โ€“2023)

<ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Meir Wieseltier

ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืžื•ื˜ื™ ืงื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ    ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ, ืžืฉื•ืจืจ, ืžืชืจื’ื, ืžืกืื™ ื•ืขื•ืจืš ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืžื•ืกืงื‘ื”, ื‘ื˜ืณ ื‘ืื“ืจ ืชืฉืดื, 8 ื‘ืžืืจืก 1941 ื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ืจ ืขื ืืžื• ื•ืฉืชื™ ืื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืœื ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจืกืง ืฉื‘ื“ืจื•ืึพืžืขืจื‘ ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ. ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉื™ืจืช ื‘ืฆื‘ื ื”ืื“ื•ื ื•ื ื”ืจื’ ื‘ืœื ื™ื ื’ืจื“. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1946โ€“1948 ื ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืœื™ื˜ื, ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ, ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ืฆืจืคืช, ื•ื‘ึพ1949 ืขืœืชื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื ืชื ื™ื”. ืœืžื“ ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืžึพ1955 ื—ื™ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ืžืœื‘ื“ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืงืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ื” ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืคืจื™ื–. ืœื™ืžื“ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ืคื”.
    ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ืคืกื• ื‘ืžืฉื ื‘ึพ1959. ืžื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืจืช ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื, ืœืฆื“ ื™ืื™ืจ ื”ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฅ, ื™ื•ื ื” ื•ื•ืœืš, ืื”ืจืŸ ืฉื‘ืชืื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืœืงืจืืช ื•ืขืžื™ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื (ื ืชืŸ ื–ืš, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื™ื—ื™, ื“ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ, ื“ื•ื“ ืื‘ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื), ืืš ื’ื ื‘ื™ืงืจื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ืžืจื“ื• ื‘ื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
    ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืคื™ืจืกื ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ ืžื•ืงื“. ื‘ึพ1964 ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขื ืžืงืกื™ื ื’ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื ื—ื•ื ืงื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืงื™ืœื˜ืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื—ื“ึพืคืขืžื™ืช; ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1974โ€“1969 ืขืจืš ื•ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ื’ื•ื’, ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื” (ืฉืชื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช), ื•ื‘ึพ1972 ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื” (ืขื ืžื ื—ื ืคืจื™). ืขืจืš ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“. ืคื™ืจืกื ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื: ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ื•ื ื” (ื‘ื™ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืงื™ืœื˜ืจื˜ืŸ, 1963), ื ืขืœื ืžืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืกืคืจื• ื”ื‘ื, ืคืจืง ื ืคืจืง ื‘ (ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, 1967), ืžื•ื›ืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื›ืกืคืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืคื™ืจืกื ืื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื—ืจื™ื, ืคื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืฅ (ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ื–ื•ื˜ื, 1977) ื•ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื (1984). ื‘ึพ2009 ืคื™ืจืกื ืืช ืกืคืจื• ืžืจื•ึผื“ื™ื ื•ืกื•ื ื˜ื•ืช, ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื—ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ืช ื”ืžืœื•ื•ืช ืืช ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื‘ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ื›ืžืฉื•ืจืจ. ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ืŸ โ€“ ื”ืคื™ื›ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืคืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื•ืช. ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื–ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ืืžื•ื ืชื• ื”ืขื™ืงืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ึพ2011 ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ืฉื ืืจื‘ืขื™ื: ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื• ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื (1986) ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื. ื‘ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ืกืคืจื• ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ื ื˜ื•ืข ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื. ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืขื“ ื›ื”, ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื™ื“ืฃ, ื™ืฆื ื‘ึพ2018. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ื™ืฆื ื’ื ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื›ื ืก ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื•, ื ื˜ืœื™ื” ื•ืžืจืชื”, ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืดื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื ื‘ื•ื ื•ืชืด.
    ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ (ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื•ื’ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช ื•ื’ื ืืจื›ืื™ืช), ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืจื™ืชืžื•ืก (ืœืขืชื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ืœืขืชื™ื ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ื•ืกื“ื•ืจ), ื”ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื (ืœืขืชื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื, ืœืขืชื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื–ืณืื ืจื™ืช ื”ื“ื•ืงื” โ€“ ืกื•ื ื˜ื•ืช, ืืœื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“); ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื. ืœืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื•ืคื™ ืขืœื™ืœืชื™. ื”ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื, ืขืœ ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช, ืชื•ืš ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืดืœื ืฉื™ืจื™ื™ืืด ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง. ื”ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ืชื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื, ื•ื–ื™ืจืชื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื–ื•, ืฉืžืžื ื•, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ืช ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืžื•ืงืžืช. ื›ืš, ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืžืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ืช. ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™, ืžืคื•ื›ื—, ืจื•ืื”ึพื›ื•ืœ, ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื”ืงืฉื” ื•ื”ืœืึพื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื›ื•ืจ, ื”ืชืคื•ืจืจื•ืช, ืขื–ื•ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื—ื•ืžืœ, ืื•ื”ื‘ ื•ืžื–ื“ื”ื”. ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืœืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื (ืดืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื™ืืด) ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™, ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื (1984).
    ื”ืขืžื“ื” ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืคื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘, ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ืชืคืฉ ื›ืžืฉืœื™ืš ืืช ืชื•ื“ืขืชื• ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœื•. ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื“ืœื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื ื•ืฆืจ ืขื•ืฉืจ ืขืฆื•ื, ื”ืžื’ื•ืœื ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจึพื”ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืงื•ืžืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืื›ืœืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™. ื›ืš, ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื•ืœื โ€“ ืœื ื›ืดืžืงื•ืจืด ื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ โ€“ ืืœื ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืœื™ ืžืžื ื•, ื—ื•ืœื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืขืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืื›ืœืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื’ืœื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ื›ื•ื— ื•ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื ื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืขื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื›ืคืชื™ื•ืช, ืืžืคืชื™ื”, ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืžืœื”.
    ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉื™ืจื” ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื”: ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื, ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืœืงื•ืจืื™ื, ืžืฆื“ ืื—ืจ. ื”ืขืžื“ื” ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืชืจืกื” ื•ืžื—ืื”, ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื•ืœืงืœืฃ ืžืกื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืงืจ ื•ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื•ืฃ ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืืžืช; ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช, ืœืคืขื•ืœ, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื”. ื”ืขืžื“ื” ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ืืคื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืดืžื’ื‘ื•ื”ืด: ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื™/ืœืื•ืžื™ ืคืชื•ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ื”ื˜ื•ืŸ ืจื•ื•ื™ ืœืขืชื™ื ืคืืชื•ืก, ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืขืฉื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.
    ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื ื‘ื“ืœืช ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืžืฉื™ืจืช ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื•, ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื ื ืชืŸ ื–ืš, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉื” ื›ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื: ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชึพื ื’ื“ ืœืื ื™ ื”ืžืชื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื•ื”ืžืกืชื’ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ืžื ื•ืชืงืช ืžื”ืขื•ืœื; ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ืช ื”ื ืชืคืฉืช ื›ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื›ืžืชื•ื ื” ื•ืดืžื ื•ืžืกืชืด ืžื“ื™; ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืดื ืคืฉืด ื›ืžื•ืฉื ืœืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœื”ืคืจื“ื” ื”ื—ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื›ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื”, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ืก ื•ื”ืืœื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืงื ืืช ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืขืœ ืงื• ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ื ืœืคื•ืกื˜ึพืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ื. ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื”ืื ื’ืœื•ึพืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื (ืืœื™ื•ื˜, ืคืื•ื ื“, ื™ื™ื˜ืก, ืื•ื“ืŸ, ื•ื™ืœื™ืืžืก) ื•ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื (ืืคื•ืœื™ื ืจ, ืจืžื‘ื•), ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ืชืคืฉ ื›ืื ื˜ื™ึพืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืฆื™ืกื˜, ื›ืžื ืชืฅ ืกืžืœื™ื ื•ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ืคื•ืื˜ื™ื•ืช; ื›ืžื™ ืฉืžื ืชื— ื•ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™, ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ื”ืงื•ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ืฉื‘ื”ื. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืจื’ ืžื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ืชื— ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ื ืขืฆืžื•: ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืงื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจืก ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช (ืดืึตื™ืŸ ื‘ึผึฐื ึดื™ึผึธื™ื” ื›ึผึดื‘ึฐื ึดื™ึผึธื™ื” ืขึทืœ ืชึผึดืœึผึดื™ืืด, ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ืดืขืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชืœืŸืด ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืดืžื›ืชื‘ื™ืืด ื•ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, 1986), ื•ื”ืื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช, ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ืช, ื•ื’ื ื—ืžื” ื•ื—ื•ืžืœืช. ื•ืฉื ื™ืช, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžื ื ื—ื•ืชืจ ืืœ ื”ืืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื”: ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ึพืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืืช ืื•ืชื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื ื—ืฉืคืช ื›ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื›ื•ืื‘ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืกื‘ืœ; ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื ืชืคืฉ ื›ืฉืงืจ. ื•ื›ืš, ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืžื•ืคื ื™ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœึฐืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื™, ืœึทืกืคืงื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื•, ืœึทืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆื ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ืœื‘ื˜ื, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื”.
    ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชื™ื•ื•ืš ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ื•ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ: ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืงืขื™ื ื‘ึผึทื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” โ€“ ื•/ืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ ืจื™ืงื ื•ืชืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืื•ื–ืœืช ื™ื“ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ (ืดืžึธื” ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื”ึทืžึผึดื™ืœึผึธื” ื—ื•ึผืจึฐื‘ึผึธืŸ/ ืฉืึฐื ึธืชึทื™ึดื™ื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทื—ื•ึผืจึฐื‘ึผึธืŸ?/ โ€ฆ// ืžึธื” ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื”ึทืžึผึดื™ืœึผึธื” ืฉืื•ึนืึธื”/ ืฉืึฐื ึธืชึทื™ึดื™ื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึผืื•ึนืึธื”?ืด, ืžืชื•ืš ืดืžื™ืœื™ืืด, ืžืกืคืจื• ืดืงื—ืด, 1973); ื•ืžืฆื“ ืื—ืจ, ืฉื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื’ื“ื•ืฉื” ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœื”ืฉืชืชืง. ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื’, ื•ื’ื ื›ืื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืกื‘ืœ, ื™ื™ืื•ืฉ ื•ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช.
    ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื”, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืŸ, ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื” ืžื ื•ืชืงืช ืžื”ืฉืึตืœื” ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื”, ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื” ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ึพืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ืช: ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืดืงื—ืด, ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื ื” ืœื ืžืขืŸ ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืœื•: ืดืงึทื—, ืฉืึดื™ืจึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึดืงึฐืจึธื/ ืขึฒืฉื‚ึตื” ืึทืœึผึดื™ืžื•ึผืช ื‘ึผึทืกึผึตืคึถืจ ื”ึทื–ึผึถื”:/ ื™ึฐืจึทืง ืขึธืœึธื™ื•, ืžึฐืขึทืšึฐ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน/ ื‘ึผึฐืขึทื˜ ืื•ึนืชื•ึน, ืฆึฐื‘ึนื˜ ืื•ึนืชื•ึนืด (ืดืงื—ืด, 1973). ืžืฆื‘ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื‘ ืคืจื“ื•ืงืกืœื™, ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืื• ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืดืืžืชืด ืœืดืฉืงืจืด ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืดืคื ื™ืืด ืœืดื—ื•ืฅืด, ื•ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื›ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื™ืกื•ื“ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื•ื‘ืฉืงืจ. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ืดืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืชืด: ืดืžึฐืงื•ึนืžึดื™ ื‘ึผึทืกึผึดืคึฐืจื•ึผืช ื”ึธืขึดื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืช ื”ื•ึผื ืžึธืงื•ึนื ื ึถื”ึฐื“ึผึธืจ/ โ€ฆ ื›ึผึดืžึฐืงื•ึนืžึธื”ึผ ืฉืึถืœ ืžึทื ึฐื’ึผึดื™ื ึธื” ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืชึผึทืงึฐืœึดื™ื˜ ืฉืึถืœ ืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืึตื™ืŸ ืœื•ึน ืคึผึธื˜ึถืคื•ึนืŸืด (ืžืชื•ืš ืดืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืชืด, ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื, 1984). ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืดื”ืœืฉื•ืŸืด ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืดื”ืขื•ืœืืด, ืืœื ื’ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ืชืง ื”ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืชึพืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืชึพืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื” ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืืžืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข. ื ืชืง ื–ื” ืžืฆื ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื• ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื•, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” ืคืจื“ื•ืงืกืœื™ืช, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืœื ืงืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื ืคื™ืจืกื ืฉื™ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื.
    ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ืชื™ืจื’ื ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืกืคืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืžืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ื•ืžืจื•ืกื™ืช. ื‘ึพ1979 ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืคื’ื™ืžื•ืช, ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ื”ื ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื™ ื•ึดื™ื•ึนืŸ, ืืคื•ืœื™ื ืจ, ืจืžื‘ื•, ื™ื™ื˜ืก, ืื•ื“ืŸ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื ืจืื• ืื•ืจ ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื• ืœื›ืžื” ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืชื™ืจื’ื ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืืžื ืงื•ืจืื–ืณ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื˜) ื•ืจื•ืžื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ืืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื•ืจ ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืจื’ืณื™ื ื™ื” ื•ื•ืœืฃ; ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืดืž ืคื•ืจืกื˜ืจ; ืžืชื—ืช ืœื”ืจ ื’ืขืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืœืงื•ืœื ืœื•ืจื™ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื. ื‘ึพ2013 ื™ืฆื ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืคืจื•ื–ื” ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื‘ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื’ืณืคืจื™ ืฆืณื•ืกืจ. ื‘ึพ2021 ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืคื ืงืก ื”ืกื•ื ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ 64 ืกื•ื ื˜ื•ืช ืคืจื™ ืขื˜ื•.
    ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง (1995) ื•ื‘ืคืจืก ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืดืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื™ื•ืฆืจื™ืืด (2000). ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ ื”ืคืจืก ื›ืชื‘ื• ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื: ืดืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืชโ€ฆ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืชื• ื ืžื“ื“ืช ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื™ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื•ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœื” ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื•ื“ื’ื ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืฉื•ืจื” ืœื ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืœืฆื“ื• ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื•. ื—ื•ืชืžื• ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื ื›ืชื‘ืช ื”ื™ื•ืืด.
    ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื—ืณ ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืคืดื’, 30 ื‘ืžืืจืก 2023 ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 82.


ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ืงื•ืจื ืฉื™ืจื™ื

ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ
ืฉื™ืจื™ื โ€“ ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืฆืžื™ืจ ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฆืœื’ื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช 
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ื’ืจื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชืจื’ื•ื ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, ะญะปะตะบั‚ั€ะพะฝะฝะฐั ะตะฒั€ะตะนัะบะฐั ัะฝั†ะธะบะปะพะฟะตะดะธั, Poetry International]
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ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืžื•ื˜ื™ ืงื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ] 

 

ืกืคืจื™ื•:
  • ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ื•ื ื” (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื‘ื™ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืงื™ืœื˜ืจื˜ืŸ, 1963)
  • ืคืจืง ื ืคืจืง ื‘ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, 1967)
  • ืžืื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ ื’ื•ื’, 1969)
  • ืงื— : ืฉื™ืจื™ื 1969โ€“1972 (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื™ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ, 1973)
  • ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™, ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื™ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ, ืชืฉืœืดื• 1976)
  • ืคื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืฅ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 1977)
  • ืคื’ื™ืžื•ืช โ€“ ืœืงื˜ ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื (1979)
  • ืžื•ืฆื ืืœ ื”ื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 1981)
  • ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™, ืขืฉื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื–ืžื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉืžืดื“ 1984) <ืขื ืขืฉืจื” ืชื—ืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื“ื•ืจืฆืณื™ืŸ>
  • ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืฉื™ื : ืฉื™ืจื™ื 1959โ€“1972 (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืžืดื“ 1984)
  • ืื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืชืฆืœื•ืžื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 1985)
  • ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืžืดื• 1986)
  • ืžื—ืกืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉื ืดื” 1994)
  • ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื™ื˜ื™ื™ื, 1995โ€“1999 (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืดืก 2000)
  • ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™, ืขืฉื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืกืดื 2000)
  • ืžืจื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืกื•ื ื˜ื•ืช : ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืขืช ืžืฆื•ื (ื‘ื ื™ึพื‘ืจืง : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืกืดื˜ 2009)
  • ืืจื‘ืขื™ื : ืฉื™ืจื™ื 1980โ€“1985 (ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืขืดื 2010) <ืดืฉื™ืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ื ื“ืคืกื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ืดืื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ืด, ืดืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ืืด>
  • ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื™ืžืคื” (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ ื’ื•ื’, 2016) <ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ื‘ืช 400 ืขื•ืชืงื™ื; ืื™ื•ืจื™ื โ€“ ื™ืื™ืจ ื’ืจื‘ื•ื–, ื™ืขืงื‘ ื“ื•ืจืฆืณื™ืŸ>
  • ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 2016) <ืฉื ื™ ื›ืจื›ื™ื: ื. 1959โ€“1969. ื‘. 1969โ€“1980>
  • ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื™ื“ืฃ, ืื•: ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืืœืฃ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื 2009โ€“2017 (ื‘ื ื™ึพื‘ืจืง : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 2018)
  • ืงืขืงื•ืขื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื : ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื 2018โ€“2023 (ื‘ื ื™ึพื‘ืจืง : ืกืคืจื™ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื” : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืคืดื“ 2023) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ืžื ื—ื ืคืจื™>
  • ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื—ืง, ืชืฉืคืดื” 2024) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื™ื–ืŸ>
ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื:
  • ื•ืจื“ื™ ืื”ื‘ื” / ืื™ืจื™ืก ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืš (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืžื™ื—ื™, ืชืฉื›ืดื’ 1963)
  • ืขื•ืœืžื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืžื™ / ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื’ืจื ื˜ ; ื”ืงื“ืžื” โ€“ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ืขื‘ืฅ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื“ืจ, ืชืฉื›ืดื– 1967)
  • ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ ื•ื”ื•ืคื™ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืœ / ืžืืช ืจื™ื˜ื” ื•ืืŸ ื“ืŸ ื‘ื•ืฉ ; ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื, ืžืจืกืœ ื’ื•ื˜ืœื™ื‘ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืณ ืžื–ืจื—ื™, 1967)
  • ื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืคืฉื•ื ื™ / ื–ืณืงืœื™ืŸ ืœื”ึพืคืื–ืณ ; ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื โ€“ ืงืกื‘ื™ื” ืกืŸ ื–ืณื™ืกื˜ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืณ ืžื–ืจื—ื™, 1968)
  • ืจื™ื’ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ื / ืœืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื•ืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืณ ืžื–ืจื—ื™, 1968)
  • ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืคืจื“ืจื™ืง / ื’ืณื•ื”ืŸ ืื•ืณื”ืจื” (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืณ ืžื–ืจื—ื™, ืชืฉื›ืดื˜)
  • ืžืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” : ืจื•ืžืŸ / ืœืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื•ืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืณ ืžื–ืจื—ื™, (ืชืฉื›ืดื˜)
  • ืคืจื™ื—ืช ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช : ืจื•ืžืŸ / ื‘ื˜ื™ ืกืžื™ื˜ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืณ ืžื–ืจื—ื™, 1969)
  • ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืื•ื‘ื“ : ืจื•ืžืŸ / ื’ืณืจื•ื ื•ื™ื™ื“ืžืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืณ ืžื–ืจื—ื™, 1969)
  • ืชื™ื ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ื–ืžืจื™ : ืจื•ืžืŸ / ืื™ืจื” ืœื•ื™ืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืณ ืžื–ืจื—ื™, 1970)
  • ื˜ื™ืจืช ืกืืŸ ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ : ืจื•ืžืŸ / ืงื˜ืจื™ืŸ ื’ืกืงื™ืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืณ ืžื–ืจื—ื™, 1970)
  • ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืœื•ื”ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื“ : ืจื•ืžืŸ / ื’ืณื•ื”ืŸ ืžืืกื˜ืจืก (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืณ ืžื–ืจื—ื™, 1970)
  • ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืื•ืฉืจ / ืžืจืฆืณื™ื” ื“ื™ื™ื‘ื ืคื•ืจื˜ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืณ ืžื–ืจื—ื™, 1971)
  • ื™ื•ืžื ื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื™ืจืืœ : ืจื•ืžืŸ / ื’ืณืจื•ื ื•ื™ื™ื“ืžืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืณ ืžื–ืจื—ื™, 1971)
  • ื”ืฉื™ื™ืจื” : ืจื•ืžืŸ / ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืจ ืžืงืœื™ืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืณ ืžื–ืจื—ื™, 1971)
  • ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืื”ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ : ืจื•ืžืŸ / ื”ื ืจื™ ืกืื˜ื•ืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืณ ืžื–ืจื—ื™, 1972)
  • ืืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื•ืจ / ื•ื™ืจื’ืณื™ื ื™ื” ื•ื•ืœืฃ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื™ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ, ืชืฉืœืดื• 1975)
  • ืคื’ื™ืžื•ืช : ืœืงื˜ ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืœืดื˜ 1979)
  • ื”ืฆื ื•ื / ื“ืฉื™ื™ืœ ื”ืืžื˜ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื™ื™ื, 1979)
  • ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช / ื.ืž. ืคื•ืจืกื˜ืจ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืชืจ, 1980)
  • ื”ื’ืœื™ื / ื•ื™ืจื’ืณื™ื ื™ื” ื•ื•ืœืฃ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื–ืžื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉืžืดื‘ 1982)
  • ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืŸ / ื“. ืž. ืชื•ืžืก (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื–ืžื•ืจื”ึพื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉืžืดื’ 1983)
  • ื”ืฉื“ / ืคื™ืœื™ืค ืจื•ืช (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื–ืžื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉืžืดื’ 1983)
  • ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื’ื•ืช : ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื‘ืชึพื–ืžื ื ื• / ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื‘ืจื™ืืŸ ืžืื’ื™ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, 1983)
  • ื“ืจืš ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ื™ : ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืžื™ืคืœ / ื’ืณื•ืŸ ืืคื“ื™ื™ืง (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื–ืžื•ืจื”ึพื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉืžืดื“ 1984)
  • ืขื•ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžื•ืคืœื / ืืœื“ื•ืก ื”ืืงืกืœื™ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื–ืžื•ืจื”ึพื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉืžืดื• 1985) <ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืžืืช ืžืจื’ืจื˜ ืื˜ื•ื•ื“ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืกื™ ืžื™ืœื•ื>
  • ืžืงื‘ืช / ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ ; ืขื ืžื‘ื•ื ื›ืœืœื™ ืžืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขื•ื– ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ืžืกื” ืžืืช ื”ืžืชืจื’ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืžืดื• 1985) <ืื™ื•ืจื™ื, ืื•ืจื™ ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ>
  • ืžืชื—ืช ืœื”ืจ ื’ืขืฉ / ืžืœืงื•ืœื ืœื•ืจื™ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืžืดื• 1986)
  • ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช : ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” / ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื’ืณื•ื ืชืŸ ืžื™ืœืจ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืžืดื• 1986)
  • ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ โ€“ ืœืžื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ : ืขืžื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคื ื‘ืขื“ ื”ืžืชืช ื—ืกื“ ื•ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช / ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ื‘ืจื ืจืื“ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืชื‘ืœ, ืชืฉืžืดื–)
  • ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืœื ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืช / ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ื‘ืก (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ โ€“ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ : ื–ืžื•ืจื”ึพื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉืžืดื– 1987)
  • ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืข / ื’ืณื•ื–ืฃ ื”ืœืจ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืžืดื– 1987)
  • ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืงื•ืคืจืคื™ืœื“ / ืžืืช ืฆืณืจืœืก ื“ื™ืงื ืก ; ื‘ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ืžืืช ื”.ืง. ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื‘ื™ืจ, ืชืฉืžืดื— 1987)
  • ืื ื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ืก ื•ืงืœื™ืื•ืคื˜ืจื” / ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ ; ืขื ืžื‘ื•ื ื›ืœืœื™ ืžืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขื•ื– ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ืžืกื” ืžืืช ื”ืžืชืจื’ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืžืดื˜ 1988)
  • ืคื• / ื’ืณ.ืž. ืงื•ื˜ื–ื™ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, 1989)
  • ื˜ื™ืžื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืืชื•ื ื” / ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ ; ืขื ืžื‘ื•ื ื›ืœืœื™ ืžืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขื•ื– ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืžืืช ื”ืžืชืจื’ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืžืดื˜ 1989)
  • ื”ืžืœืš ืจื™ืฆืณืจื“ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ / ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ ; ืขื ืžื‘ื•ื ืžืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขื•ื– ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืžืืช ื”ืžืชืจื’ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 1991)
  • ืฉื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื / ืกื ื‘ื›ืจืš (ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืชืฉื ืดื• 1996)
  • ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื ื—ืžื” / ืงืื–ื•ืื• ืื™ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจื• (ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉื ืดื– 1997)
  • ืื’ื“ืช ื—ื•ืจืฃ / ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ ; ืžื‘ื•ื ืžืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขื•ื– (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 1999)
  • ื™ื•ืœื™ื•ืก ืงื™ืกืจ / ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ ; ืขื ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืืช ื”ืžืชืจื’ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื–ืžื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉื ืดื˜ 1999),kรŽ
  • ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ื’ืข : ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจืฆื—, ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ, ื•ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื•ืŸ ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ / ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื ืฆืณืกื˜ืจ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื›ื ืจืช, 2000)
  • ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื / ืงื–ื•ืื• ืื™ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจื• (ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืกืดื 2001)
  • ื”ืชื•ื›ื™ ืฉืœ ืคืœื•ื‘ืจ / ื’ืณื•ืœื™ืืŸ ื‘ืืจื ืก (ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ืชืฉืกืดื” 2005)
  • ืกื™ืžื‘ืœื™ืŸ / ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ ; ืžื‘ื•ื ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ืžืกื” ืžืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขื•ื– (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื‘ื‘ืœ, ืชืฉืกืดื• 2006)
  • ืื“ื•ื•ืจื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ / ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืคืจ ืžืืจืœื• (ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ื“ื‘ื™ืจ : ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืœืชืจื’ื•ื ืกืคืจื•ืช ืžื•ืคืช, 2009)
  • ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคืื•ืกื˜ื•ืก / ืžืืช ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืคืจ ืžืืจืœื• (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ โ€“ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ืขืดืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืชืฉืขืดื 2011)
  • ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื‘ืจื™ / ื’ืณืคืจื™ ืฆืณื•ืกืจ ; ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืคื™ื˜ืจ ืืงืจื•ื™ื“ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืื—ื•ื–ืช ื‘ื™ืช, ืชืฉืขืดื’ 2013)
ืขืจื™ื›ื”:
  • ื’ื•ื’ : ื’ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื” (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ ื’ื•ื’, 1969โ€“1974) <2 ื’ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช>
    ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื
  • ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ืจื™ื™ื“ืกื”ื“ : ื—ืžื“ืช ื™ืžื™ื / ืื•ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืื• ; ืžืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ื ื˜ืœื™ื” ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ; ืขืจืš ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•, 1982)
ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:
ืกืคืจื™ื:
  • ื‘ื•ื›ื•ื™ื™ืฅ, ื ื•ืจื™ืช.  ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ : ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช, ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื (ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืกืดื— 2008)
    ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
    ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ:
    • ื‘ืŸ, ืžื ื—ื.  ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืžื•ืฉื’.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช โ€“ ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื˜ืดื– ื‘ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืกืดื˜, 14 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2008, ืขืžืณ 27.
  • ื•ื™ื™ื›ืจื˜, ืจืคื™.  ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื•ืช : ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ ืขืชื•ืŸ 77 : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืคืดื 2021)
  • ื™ืชื•ื, ื”ื“ืก.  ืขื–ื•ื– ืขื“ื™ืŸ : ืžืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืœืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื”ืืจื•ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ (ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข, ืชืฉืกืดื— 2008) <ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื’ืžืจ (ืžืดื)โ€“ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื’ื‘, ืชืฉืกืดื— 2008>
  • ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืš, ืืกืชืจ. ืดืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื ืฉื™ืงืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื, ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ืืžืชืด :  ืฉื ื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ ืื•ืจืš ื‘ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” ืชืื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘, 1985) <ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื’ืžืจ (ืžืดื)โ€“ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘, 1985>
  • ืคืจื™, ืžื ื—ื.  ืชืื•ืจื” ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช : ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ, ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ื—ื™ (ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ : ืกืคืจื™ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื”, ืชืฉืคืดื“ 2024)
ืžืืžืจื™ื:
  • ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ, ืžืื™ืจ.  ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืขืœ ืงืจื ื™ ื”ื™ืจื—.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ื, ื›ืดื‘ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืกืดื–, 8 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2007, ืขืžืณ 27 (ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ืžึพ1967>
  • ืื•ืคื ื”ื™ื™ืžืจ, ื™ื•ื—ืื™.  ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™.  ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 6 (1987), ืขืžืณ  70โ€“80 (ืขืœ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ)
  • ืื•ืคื ื”ื™ื™ืžืจ, ื™ื•ื—ืื™.  ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื•ืณื”ืืžืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืคื•ืืจืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื”ืณ.. ื‘ืชื•ืš ืกืคืจื•: ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื : ืฉื™ืจื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื™ื ืขืดืฉ ื™ืดืœ ืžืื’ื ืก, ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช,  ืชืฉืกืดื“ 2003), ืขืžืณ 289โ€“318.
  • ืื•ืคื ื”ื™ื™ืžืจ, ื™ื•ื—ืื™. ืดื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืืด: ืื•ื“ืŸ, ื–ืš ื•ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™. ืืœืคื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 10 (1994), ืขืžืณ 238โ€“259 <ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชืŸ ื–ืš, ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœืื•ืจ> <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื : ืฉื™ืจื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื™ื ืขืดืฉ ื™ืดืœ ืžืื’ื ืก, ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช,  ืชืฉืกืดื“ 2003), ืขืžืณ 351โ€“384>
  • ืืœื˜ืจืก, ืืœื•ืŸ. ืœื‘ื•ื ืืœ ื”ืžื•ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื›ื“ืจื›ื•. ื“ื‘ืจ, ื™ืดื– ื‘ืื“ืจ ืืณ ืชืฉื ืดื‘, 21 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1992, ืขืžืณ 25.
  • ืืœื˜ืจืก, ืืœื•ืŸ. ืคื™ื›ื—ื•ืŸ, ืขืงืฉื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฉืจ: ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ โ€“ ืคืจืก ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฉื™ืจื” <ืœืฉื ืช ืชืฉืดืก>. ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืืžื ื•ืช, ื™ืดื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืดืก, 21 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2000, ืขืžืณ 26โ€“27.
  • ื‘ื•ื›ื•ื™ื™ืฅ, ื ื•ืจื™ืช. ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ึพืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื : ืžื” ืขื™ืฆื‘ ืืช ืฉืคืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื? ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื ืฉืœ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ, ื™ื•ื ื” ื•ื•ืœืš ื•ื™ืื™ืจ ื”ื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ โ€“ ื•ืงืฉืจื™ื” ืขื ืจื•ื— ื”ืกื™ืงืกื˜ื™ื– ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื•ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืชึพื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื’ื’, ื’ืœืณ 10 (ืกืชื™ื• 2004), ืขืžืณ 26โ€“43.
  • ื‘ื•ื›ื•ื™ื™ืฅ, ื ื•ืจื™ืช.  ืดืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืฉื‘ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืงืกืžื™ ื”ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืืœืชืจืžื ื™ืช, ื•ืœื ื ื–ืงืงืชื™ ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžืžื ื”. ื“ื™ืœื’ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”.ืด  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช,  22 ื‘ืžืื™ 2009, ืขืžืณ  <ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืชืคืจืกื ื‘ืกืคืจื” ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ>
  • ื‘ื•ื›ื•ื™ื™ืฅ, ื ื•ืจื™ืช.  ืดื›ืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืกืฆื™ื ื” ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ืืด : ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ.  ื“ืคื™ื ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื›ืจืš 19 (ืชืฉืขืดื“ 2014), ืขืžืณ 351โ€“363,
  • ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅืณ, ืื™ืœืŸ.  ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื–ื•ืจื” ืœืจื•ื— ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื”ืณ ื‘ืื“ืจ ื‘ืณ ืชืฉืขืดื, 11 ื‘ืžืืจืก 2011, ืขืžืณ 2.
  • ื‘ืจืชื ื, ืื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืŸ. ืดืคืจืก ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืงืด ืื• ืดืคืจืก ืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจืด? ื‘. ื”ืกื•ืคืจ, ื’ืœืณ 2 (ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉื ืดื”, ืืคืจื™ืœ 1995), ืขืžืณ 39โ€“42. <ืขืจืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื ืงืช ืณืคืจืก ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืงืณ ืœืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื•ืœื—ื ื•ืš ืœื•ื™ืŸ>
  • ื’ืจื•ืกืžืŸ, ื—ื’ื™ืช.  ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ.  ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ื’ืœืณ 365 (ืฉื‘ื˜โ€“ืื“ืจ ืชืฉืขืดื’, ื™ื ื•ืืจโ€“ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2013), ืขืžืณ 22โ€“25.
  • ื“ื•ืจ, ืžืฉื”.  ื”ืžื•ื–ื•ืช ืจื•ืขืžื•ืช.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช โ€“ ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื™ืดื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืกืดื˜, 6 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2009, ืขืžืณ 26โ€“27 <ืดืžื“ื•ืข ื›ืฉืœื• ื–ืš ื•ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื›ืฉืžื™ื”ืจื• ืœืคืจืกื ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืขื–ื”? ื•ืื™ืš, ืœืขื•ืžืชื, ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืจื•ื—ืžื” ื•ื™ื™ืก ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืจื•ื— ืดื”ืžืฆื‘ืด?>
  • ื”ื•ืœื ื“ืจ, ืื•ืจื™.  ื”ืคืกื ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื™ืดื– ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืกืดื–, 31 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2007, ืขืžืณ 1.
  • ื•ื™ื™ื›ืจื˜, ืจืคื™.  ืืœื’ื™ื” ืœืขื™ืจ ืฉืฉื•ืงืขืช.  ืžืื–ื ื™ื: ื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ื›ืจืš ืกืดื—, ื’ืœืณ 9โ€“10 (ืชืžื•ื–โ€“ืื‘ ืชืฉื ืดื“, ื™ื•ื ื™โ€“ื™ื•ืœื™ 1994), ืขืžืณ 87โ€“92 <ืขืœ ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืื™ืจ ื”ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฅ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ืื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ, ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื•ืจื•ื ื™ ืกื•ืžืง>
  • ื•ื™ื™ื›ืจื˜, ืจืคื™.  ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžืžืฉื•ืจืจ, ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžืชืงื•ืคื”.  ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ื’ืœืณ 434 (ื›ืกืœื•โ€“ื˜ื‘ืช  ืชืฉืคืดื“, ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2023โ€“ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2024), ืขืžืณ 16โ€“20.
  • ื—ื‘ืจ, ื—ื ืŸ.  ืืœ ืชื˜ื” ืื•ื–ืŸ ืœืœื”ืœื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืŸึพื™ืื™ืจ.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื›ืดื— ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืกืดื˜, 22 ื‘ืžืื™ 2009  <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืืœ : ืชื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžื•ืกื“ ื•ืŸึพืœื™ืจ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืขืดื’ 2013), ืขืžืณ 184โ€“191>
  • ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ, ื”ืœื™ืช.  ืดืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืชืขืงืฉืด, ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ. ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 2 (1981), ืขืžืณ 105โ€“117 <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื”: ืื™ืš ืขืฉื™ืช ืืช ื–ื”? : ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืณื—ื“ืจื™ืืณ (ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ : ืกืคืจื™ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื”, ืชืฉืขืดื• 2016), ืขืžืณ 17โ€“36>
  • ืœื™ื“ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ึพื›ื”ืŸ, ืฆืคืจื™ืจื”. ืื”ื‘ื”, ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื. ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ื’ืœืณ 295 (ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืกืดื”, ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2004), ืขืžืณ 22โ€“25. <ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืื™ืจ ื”ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฅ, ื™ื•ื ื” ื•ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ>
  • ืœืื•ืจ, ื™ืฆื—ืง. ืดืžืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื™ื•ืฆืื• ืœื”ื•ืจื’ืด: ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืžื•ืฆืื” ื ืขื™ืžื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื•ืกื•ืคื” ืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื•. ื—ื“ืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 11 (1994), ืขืžืณ 79โ€“94 <ื›ื•ื ืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืื ื• ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืžื•ืœื“ืช : ืžืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉื ืดื” 1995), ืขืžืณ 224โ€“248>
  • ืœืื•ืจ, ื™ืฆื—ืง.  ื ืžืฉื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื’ืœื’ืœ ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื ืง : ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืดื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืžืื”ืด ืฉืœ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ, ืžืขื™ืŸ ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื›ืดื˜ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืดืก, 7 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2000, ืขืžืณ ื‘ 13 <ืžื’ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืชื• ืณืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ืณ ื‘ืณื”ืืจืฅืณ, ื–ืณ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืดืก, 14 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2000, ืขืžืณ ื‘ 13>
  • ืœืื•ืจ, ื™ืฆื—ืง.  ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืื“ื•ื ื™ืช : ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื•ืœื: ื ืชืŸ ื–ืš ื•ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ืžื•ืœ ื“ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ.  ืžื˜ืขื: ื›ืชื‘ ืขืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ืช, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 14 (ื™ื•ื ื™ 2008), ืขืžืณ 111โ€“129.
  • ืœื‘ึพืืจื™, ืฉื™ืจื™.  ืœืžื˜ื”, ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืืžืช.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ื’ืœืจื™ื”, 20 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2008, ืขืžืณ
  • ืœื•ื™ืชืŸ, ืขืžื•ืก.  ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื”.  ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ื’ืœืณ 351 (ื›ืกืœื•โ€“ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืขืดื, ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2010โ€“ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2011), ืขืžืณ 34 <ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื• ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ืœืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื>
  • ืžื•ืงื“, ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ.  ื”ืžืชื—ื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•: ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 71 (2010), ืขืžืณ 169โ€“175 <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื•: ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžื™ืชื™ : 96 ืžืกื•ืช, ืžืืžืจื™ื, ืจืฆื ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจึพื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื›ืฉื™ื• : ื›ืชื‘ : ืขืžื“ื”, ืชืฉืขืดื 2011), ืขืžืณ 371โ€“378>
  • ืžื–ื•ืจ, ื™ืื™ืจ. ื—ืฅ ืฆื•ืจื‘ ื•ืฆื™ื ื™, ืฉื•ื˜ ืžืฆืœื™ืฃ, ืžื•ืœ ืกื™ื•ื˜ ืกืกื’ื•ื ื™ ื•ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืœืžืœื” : ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ืœืฆื“ ื•ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉื™ืจืช ื™ืื™ืจ ื”ื•ืจื‘ื™ืฅ. ืืคื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 54 (1998), ืขืžืณ 24โ€“30 <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ : ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืฉื™ื (ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ื–ืžื•ืจื”ึพื‘ื™ืชืŸ, 2005), ืขืžืณ 181โ€“187>
  • ืžื˜ืœื•ืŸ, ืจื•ื ื™ืช.  ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื.  ื“ืคื™ื ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื›ืจืš 19 (ืชืฉืขืดื“ 2014), ืขืžืณ  364โ€“385.
  • ืžื›ืืŸ.  ืดืžื” ืฉืจืืชื” ืฉืคื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืืด : ืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ืžื›ืืŸ: ื›ืชื‘ ืขืช ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ื’ืœืณ ื™ื“ (ืชืฉืขืดื“, ืžืืจืก 2014), ืขืžืณ  427โ€“452 <ืžืจืื™ื™ื ื™ื: ื—ื ื” ืกื•ืงืจึพืฉื•ื•ื’ืจ, ื™ืขืœ ื‘ืŸึพืฆื‘ื™, ืžืขื™ืŸ ื’ืœื‘ืจื“, ืื™ืชื™ ืžืจื ื™ื‘ืจื’ึพืžื™ืœื™ืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ืชืžืจ ืกืชืจ, ืžื™ืจื™ ืคืœื“, ื™ืขืจื” ืงืจืŸ, ื™ื•ืื‘ ืจื•ื ืืœ, ืขื™ืจื™ืช ืจื•ื ืŸ>
  • ื ืื•ืจ, ืกื™ื’ืœ.  ื”ืกื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืœ ืœืœื™ื“ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ : ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ : ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื ืก ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ืคื”, ื™ื•ื ื™ 2021. ืื•ื“ื•ืช, ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ 20 (7 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2022) <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื”: ืœืคืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื™ืจ : ืžืกื•ืช (ื—ื™ืคื” : ืคืจื“ืก ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ, ืชืฉืคืดื” 2024), ืขืžืณ 193โ€“204> 
  • ื ืฅ, ืจื•ื™ืืœ. ืดื•ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื™ืœื‘ืœื‘ื• ืœื™ื“ ืคื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืชืด : ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืงืจื ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื—ืจื•ื– ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื ืชืŸ ื–ืš. ื”ื•! ื›ืชื‘ ืขืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 5 (ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืกืดื–, ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2007), ืขืžืณ 154โ€“166 <ื“ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ>
  • ืกื•ืงืจึพืฉื•ื•ื’ืจ, ื—ื ื”.  ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ โ€“ ืื“ื, ื ื•ืฃ ื•ืœื•ื’ื•ืก : ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ.  ื‘ืชื•ืš: ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ : ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ื•ืฃ ื•ืื“ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืžื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืœืฆื‘ื™ ืœื•ื– / ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื โ€“ ื–ื™ื•ื” ืฉืžื™ืจ, ืื‘ื™ื“ื‘ ืœื™ืคืกืงืจ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืจืžืœ, ืชืฉืคืดื‘ 2021), ืขืžืณ 297โ€“325.
  • ืกืชื™ื•, ืฉื™ืจื”.  ืดื’ื™ืœื•ื™ (ืขืจื™ื•ืช) ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸืด : ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, ื•ื•ืœืš, ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ.  ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื•ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื›ืจืš 10, ื’ืœืณ 2 (2017), ืขืžืณ 156โ€“174.
  • ืคืจื™, ืžื ื—ื.  ืชืื•ืจื” ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช : ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ.  ื‘ืกืคืจื•: ืชืื•ืจื” ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช : ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ, ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ื—ื™ (ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ : ืกืคืจื™ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื”, ืชืฉืคืดื“ 2024), ืขืžืณ 9โ€“109.
  • ืฆื™ืคืจ, ื‘ื ื™ [ื‘ืดืฆ].  ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™ื•ืช.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช,  22 ื‘ืžืื™ 2009, ืขืžืณ
  • ืฆื™ืคืจ, ื‘ื ื™.  ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื ืฆื— ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื’ื ื•ืช.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ื’ืœืจื™ื”, ื™ืดื ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืคืดื’, 2 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2023, ืขืžืณ 1โ€“2 <ืขื ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ>
  • ืงื•ืจืŸ, ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ.  ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื. ื”ืืจืฅ, ื’ืœืจื™ื”, ื™ืดื ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืคืดื’, 2 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2023, ืขืžืณ 2โ€“3 <ืขื ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ>
  • ืงืœื“ืจื•ืŸ, ื ืกื™ื.  ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘: ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื•ืคืฉืฃ ื•ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืขืžื“ื” : ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื•ืœืฆื™ื“ื.  ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื”, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 5 (1976), ืขืžืณ 160โ€“176.
  • ืงื ื™ืืœ, ืจื•ืช.  ืดื’ื ืคืจืงื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืœื• ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸืด : ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ.  ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—: ื›ืชื‘ึพืขืช ืœืฉื™ืจื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ื’ืœืณ ื›ืดื‘ (ืกืชื™ื• ืชืฉืกืดื– 2006), ืขืžืณ 71โ€“95.
  • ืจื•ื–ื ืคืœื“, ืืœื™ื”ื•.  ื•ื”ืื“ื ื”ืืคืก ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื ืจืข ืžืื•ื“ : ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ.  ืžื›ืืŸ : ื›ืชื‘ ืขืช ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ื’ืœืณ ื›ื’ (ืชืฉืคืดื’, ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2022), ืขืžืณ 259โ€“278.
  • Nash, Stanley. God and Man in the Poetry of Meir Wieseltier <ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ> : On the Occasion of His Visit to Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion / New York.
  • Yaniv, Shlomo.  Wieseltier and the evolution of the modern Hebrew ballad. Prooftexts, vol. 9, no. 3 (September 1989), pp. 229โ€“246.
ืขืœ ืดื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ื•ื ื”ืด
  • ื‘ื•ื›ื•ื™ื™ืฅ, ื ื•ืจื™ืช. ืฉื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจ โ€“ ืฉืคื” ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ. ืขืœื™ ืฉื™ื—, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 48 (2002), ืขืžืณ 106โ€“121
ืขืœ ืดืคืจืง ืืณ, ืคืจืง ื‘ืณืด
ืขืœ ืดืžืื” ืฉื™ืจื™ืืด ืขืœ ืดื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืด
ืขืœ ืดืคื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืฅืด
ืขืœ ืดืžื•ืฆื ืืœ ื”ื™ืืด
  • ื‘ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ื™ื•ืจื [ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืจืฉืช].  ืดืžื•ืฆื ืืœ ื”ื™ืืด ืžืืช ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื™ืดื“ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉืžืดื, 14 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1981, ืขืžืณ 19 (ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ ืณืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ืืณ)
  • ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ. ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื. ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื”, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 15 (1982), ืขืžืณ 70โ€“75.
ืขืœ ืดืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืฉื™ืืด ืขืœ ืดืื™ ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืด
  • ื‘ืœืื˜, ืื‘ืจื”ื. ืฉื™ืจื” ืœืœื ืขืจื›ื™ื. ื”ืฆื•ืคื”, ื™ืณ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืžืดื”, 1 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1985, ืขืžืณ 6.
  • ื’ื ื•ืกืจ, ื™ืื™ืจื”. ืื—ืจ ื”ืจืขืฉ. ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ื’ืœืณ 74โ€“75 (ืื“ืจ ื‘ืณโ€“ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืžืดื•, ืžืืจืกโ€“ืืคืจื™ืœ 1986), ืขืžืณ 8.
ืขืœ ืดืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ืืด ืขืœ ืดืžื—ืกืŸืด
  • ื•ื™ื™ื›ืจื˜, ืจืคื™. ื•ืื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื“ืฃ ื™ืื•ืฉ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื”. ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 63 (ืชืฉื ืดื•), ืขืžืณ 201โ€“208.
ืขืœ ืดืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื™ื˜ื™ื™ืืด
  • ื—ื‘ืจ, ื—ื ืŸ. ื’ืจืžื™ ืžืœื™ื ืชืœื•ืœื™ื. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 381 (ื™ืดื ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืดืก, 14 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2000), ืขืžืณ 10, 63 <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืงื•ืจื ืฉื™ืจื” : ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ืžืกื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืงืฉื‘ ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืกืดื” 2005), ืขืžืณ 191โ€“200>
ืขืœ ืดื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™, ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ืืด
  • ื‘ื•ื›ื•ื™ื™ืฅ, ื ื•ืจื™ืช. ืกืงื™ืฆื•ืช ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ื•ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ. ืขืœื™ ืฉื™ื—, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 47 (2002), ืขืžืณ 144โ€“154. <ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืดืกืงื™ืฆื•ืช ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืชืด ืฉืœ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกืžื• ื‘ืดื“ื‘ืจืด ื‘ืงื™ืฅ 1934 ืœืดืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื™ืืด ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกืžื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 1976 ื›ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื ืคืจื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืกืคืจื• ืดื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ืืด>
  • ืขืงืจื•ื ื™, ืื‘ื™ื‘. ืž. ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™.  ืžืื–ื ื™ื,  ื›ืจืš ืžืดื’, ื’ืœืณ 6 (ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืœืดื–, ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1976), ืขืžืณ 444โ€“446  <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืขืœ ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืื–ื ื™ื™ื : ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžืืžืจื™ื : ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื•ืช, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, ืชืฉืกืดื– 2007), ืขืžืณ 101โ€“104, ื‘ืฉื: ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืคื™ื’ื™ื ื›ืื‘ ืงื”ื” ืœืจื’ืข ืงื˜>
ืขืœ ืดืžืจื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืกื•ื ื˜ื•ืชืด ืขืœ ืดืืจื‘ืขื™ืืด ืขืœ ืดืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ืืด ืขืœ ืดื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื™ื“ืฃืด

ืขืœ ืดื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืชืด ืžืืช ื. ืž. ืคื•ืจืกื˜ืจ
ืขืœ ืดื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ืŸืด ืžืืช ื“. ืž. ืชื•ืžืก
ืขืœ ืดืžืงื‘ืชืด ืœื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ
  • ื–ื™ื ื’ืจ, ืžืฉื”. ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื•ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™. ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื‘ืช, ื›ืดื– ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืžืดื•, 4 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1986, ืขืžืณ 23.
  • ื–ืงืก, ืืจื™ื”. ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจ. ื”ืืจืฅ, ื™ืดื˜ ื‘ืื“ืจ ื ืชืฉืžืดื•, 28 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1986, ืขืžืณ 18
ืขืœ ืดืฉืœื•ื ื•ืœื ืœื”ืชืจืื•ืชืด ืœืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ื‘ืก
  • ืชื•ืžืจืงื™ืŸ, ื™ื’ืืœ. ืœื ื ืกื‘ื•ืœ ืฆืขืงื•ืช ืดืฉืœื•ื! ืฉืœื•ื!ืด. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ, ื“ืคื™ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ื˜ืดื– ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืžืดื—, 9 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1987, ืขืžืณ 16.
ืขืœ ืดื”ืžืœืš ืจื™ืฆืณืจื“ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืด ืœื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ
  • ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืืกืฃ. ื”ืจืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ, ื™ืณ ื‘ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉื ืดื‘, 18 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1991, ืขืžืณ 18
  • ื‘ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ื™ื•ืจื. ืจื™ืฆืณืจื“ ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื. ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ืดื‘ ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉื ืดื‘, 29 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1991, ืขืžืณ ื‘ 8
  • ืžื™ืจืกืงื™, ื ื™ืœื™. ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ ื›ืจื•ื—ื• ื•ื›ืœืฉื•ื ื•. ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืดื– ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉื ืดื‘, 3 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1992, ืขืžืณ 25
  • ืจื™ื ื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ืื‘. ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ. ื”ืืจืฅ, ื™ืดื— ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉื ืดื‘, 19 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1992, ืขืžืณ ื‘ 8; ื›ืดื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉื ืดื‘, 26 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1992, ืขืžืณ ื‘ 9; ื‘ืณ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉื ืดื‘, 3 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1992, ืขืžืณ ื‘ 9.
ืขืœ ืดื‘ืื™ืŸ ื ื—ืžื”ืด ืœืงื–ื•ืื• ืื™ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจื•
  • ื’ื•ืจ, ื‘ืชื™ื”. ืขื•ืœื ื“ื™ืกื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ ื•ืจื•ืžืืŸ ืึพื˜ื•ื ืืœื™. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื™ืดื‘ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉื ืดื–, 15 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1997, ืขืžืณ ื“ 3
  • ื ื™ืฆืŸ, ื˜ืœ. ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื.  ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืดื– ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉื ืดื–, 1 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1997, ืขืžืณ 26โ€“27
  • ืจื™ืงื™ืŸ, ืื™ืจื™. ื”ื ืคื™ืœื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช. ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ื, ื”ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉื ืดื–, 8 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1997, ืขืžืณ 30
ืขืœ ืดื™ื•ืœื™ื•ืก ืงื™ืกืจืด ืœืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ
  • ืงืจืคืœ, ื“ืœื™ื”. ืดื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื—ืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืชืด.   ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื˜ืดื– ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉื ืดื˜, 2 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1999, ืขืžืณ 24, 26, 28. <ืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื–ืœื˜ื™ืจ ื‘ืฆืืช ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืžื—ื–ื” ืดื™ื•ืœื™ื•ืก ืงื™ืกืจืด>
ืขืœ ืดื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื• ื™ืชื•ืžื™ืืด ืœืงื–ื•ืื• ืื™ืฉื™ื’ื•ืจื•
  • ืจื™ืงื™ืŸ, ืื™ืจื™. ื”ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ืœื ืžื’ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืจื™ื. ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ื, ื›ืดื” ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืกืดื, 18 ื‘ืžืื™ 2001, ืขืžืณ 28
  • ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ื™ืขืœ. ืชืขืชื•ืขื™ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ. ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืืžื ื•ืช, ื™ืดื– ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืกืดื, 8 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2001, ืขืžืณ 27โ€“28
  • ื›ื”ืŸ, ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื‘. ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 440 (ื™ืดื‘ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉืกืดื, 1 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2001), ืขืžืณ 6, 11 <ื ื“ืคืก ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•: ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžืฉื”ื• ืœืงืจื•ื? : ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืกื•ืคืจื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืจืžืœ, ืชืฉืกืดื’ 2003), ืขืžืณ 111โ€“118>
ืขืœ ืดื”ืชื•ื›ื™ ืฉืœ ืคืœื•ื‘ืจืด ืœื’ืณื•ืœื™ืืŸ ื‘ืืจื ืก
  • ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ื™ืขืœ. ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคื•ื—ืœืฅ. ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื˜ืณ ื‘ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืกืดื•, 11 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2005, ืขืžืณ 28.
  • ืกืžื™ื˜, ืฉื”ื.  ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืœื™.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 669 (ื›ืณ ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืกืดื•, 21 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2005), ืขืžืณ 58.
  • ืฆืœืจ, ืฉื™.  ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช.  ืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืŸ, ื›ืดื’ ื‘ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืกืดื•, 25 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2005, ืขืžืณ 27.
ืขืœ ืดืกื™ืžื‘ืœื™ืŸืด ืœื•ืœื™ืื ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ ืขืœ ืดืื“ื•ื•ืจื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ืด ืœื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืคืจ ืžืืจืœื• ืขืœ ืดืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืงื ื˜ืจื‘ืจื™ืด ืœื’ืณืคืจื™ ืฆืณื•ืกืจ ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืคื™ื˜ืจ ืืงืจื•ื™ื“
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:
OpenLibrary โ€“ OL170631A Wikidata โ€“ Q2891218 NLI โ€“ 987007310657905171 LC โ€“ n85104669 VIAF โ€“ 50292540
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 26 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2025

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