ื™ืื™ืจื” ื’ื ื•ืกืจ (1932โ€“2020)

Yaira Ginossar

    ื™ืื™ืจื” ื’ื ื•ืกืจ (ื’ื•ืœื“ืคืจื‘) ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ื™ืดื— ื‘ืื“ืจ ื‘ืณ ืชืจืฆืดื‘, 26 ื‘ืžืืจืก 1932 ื‘ื—ื™ืคื”. ื›ื™ืœื“ื” ืœืงื—ื” ื—ืœืง ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืดื ื•ืขืจ ืœื—ืดื™ืด. ื‘ึพ1953 ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื” ืœืžืคืœื’ื” ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื•ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ื›ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืคืŸ ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœ ื”ืขื. ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ืขืœืช ืชื•ืืจ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืžื˜ืขื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจึพืื™ืœืŸ (1993). ืคื™ืจืกืžื” ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ืœืคื™, ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื˜ืจืŸ ื•ืฉื™ืจืชื• (ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ืฉืจ ื”ืกืงืกื•ืคื•ืŸ, 1998) ื•ืžืืžืจื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช. ืฉื™ืจื™ื” ืชื•ืจื’ืžื• ืœื›ืžื” ืฉืคื•ืช.
    ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืคื™ืจืกืžื”, ืืคืจืช ื•ืืคืจ: ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ึพ1975 ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืกื“ื”. ืฉื™ืจืชื” ืžืžื–ื’ืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืœืขื– ื•ื‘ืกืœื ื’, ืขื ืืœื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื ื•ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืืš ื’ื ืจืžื™ื–ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘. ื”ื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื” ื’ื ืœืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ื” ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืขื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ืขื ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ื”ื—ื™ ืฉื‘ื•. ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืขืžื“ื•ืช ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉืงืคื” ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืืจืฅึพื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื•ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืœืฉื•ื ื™ ื•ืืฃ ืืจื•ื˜ื™ ืขื ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื–ื•. ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืืชื•ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื™, ื”ื•ืžื ื™ืกื˜ื™ึพืฉืžืืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืชื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื•.
    ืื—ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืงืจ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ืคื ื—ืก ื’ื ื•ืกืจ. ื™ืื™ืจื” ื’ื ื•ืกืจ  ื ืคื˜ืจื”  ื‘ื›ืดื“ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืดืฃ, 21 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2020.


ื™ืื™ืจื” ื’ื ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช

ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืื™ืจื” ื’ื ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืŸึพื™ื”ื•ื“ื”

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช 
ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ื’ืจื ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”
[ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืฉื—ืจ ื’ื™ื ื•ืกืจ]

ืกืคืจื™ื”:

  • ืืคืจืช ื•ืืคืจ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืจืžืชึพื’ืŸ : ืžืกื“ื”, 1975)
  • ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ืžืคืจืคืจื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืžืดื 1981)
  • ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉื ื™ื” : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืžืดื— 1987) <ืื™ื•ืจื™ื โ€“ ืขื•ื“ื“ ืคื™ื™ื ื’ืจืฉ>
  • ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืžืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื” : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉื ืดื” 1995)
  • ืดืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ืฉืจ ื”ืกืงืกื•ืคื•ืŸืด : ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ ื™ืื™ืจ, ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื˜ืจืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื™ืื™ืจ ืขืดืฉ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื˜ืจืŸ, ืชืฉื ืดื— 1998)
  • ื”ื—ื•ืฆืคื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืฉื™ืจื™ื” (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉืกืดื“ 2004) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ืขืžื•ืก ืœื•ื™ืชืŸ>
  • ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืจืžืœ, ืชืฉืขืดื 2011)

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื”:

ืขืœ ืดืืคืจืช ื•ืืคืจืด
  • ื’ื™ื ื•ืจ, ืฆื‘ื™ื” ื‘ืŸึพื™ื•ืกืฃ [ืฆ. ื’.]   ืืคืจืช ื•ืืคืจ. ืงืฉืช, ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ืขึพืขืฉืจื”, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ ื’ืณ (ืกื–) (ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืชืฉืœืดื” 1975), ืขืžืณ 189โ€“190.
  • ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ, ื“ืŸ.  ื”ืกืจืง ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืกืจ. ื”ื“ื•ืืจ, ืฉื ื” 54, ื’ืœืณ ืœ (ื™ืดื ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืœืดื”, 20 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1975), ืขืžืณ 496โ€“497 (ื“ืคื™ื ืžืคื ืงืก ื—ื“ืฉ) <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืณืขื›ืฉื™ื•ืณ, ื’ืœืณ 31โ€“32 (ืื‘ื™ื‘โ€“ืงื™ืฅ ืชืฉืœืดื” 1975), ืขืžืณ 233โ€“237 (ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ ืณื—ื“ืจ ืงืจื™ืื”ืณ) ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžืช ืขื™ื ืŸ ื”ื ื˜ืฉ>
ืขืœ ืดืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ืžืคืจืคืจื™ืืด
  • ื‘ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ื™ื•ืจื [ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืจืฉืช].  ืดืžื•ืจื“ื™ื, ืžืคืจืคืจื™ืืด ืžืืช ื™ืื™ืจื” ื’ื ื•ืกืจ.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื˜ืดื• ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืžืดื, 17 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1981, ืขืžืณ 19 (ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ ืณืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ืืณ)
  • ื”ื“ืจ, ื™ื•ืกื™. ื–ื” ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื–ื” ื”ื ื•ืฃ. ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื ืดื”, ื’ืœืณ 3 (1982), ืขืžืณ 49โ€“51.
  • ืžื•ืงื“, ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœ. ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกืคืจื™ึพืฉื™ืจื”. ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ื’ืœืณ 30 (1981), ืขืžืณ 65.
ืขืœ ืดื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉื ื™ื”ืด
  • ื’ื ื•ืกืจ, ืคื ื—ืก. ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ื—ื™. ื“ื‘ืจ, ื–ืณ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืžืดื˜, 13 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1989, ืขืžืณ 19.
  • ื™ืขื•ื–, ื—ื ื”. ื ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืจืื™ ื”ื”ืฆื’ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”. ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืกืดื‘, ื’ืœืณ 4 (1988), ืขืžืณ 60โ€“61.
  • ืžื•ืจึพื—ื™ื™ื, ืขื“ื™ื ื”. ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื”. ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื‘ืณ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืžืดื—, 17 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1988, ืขืžืณ 2 <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื” ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ืชืฉืขืดื‘ 2012), ืขืžืณ 51โ€“53>
  • ืงื•ืฅ, ืžืจื™ื. ื”ืžืื“ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ืจื•ืงื”. ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื‘ืช, ื™ืดื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืžืดื˜, 20 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1989, ืขืžืณ 22.
  • ืจืฆื‘ื™, ืฉืœื•ื. ืขืœ ืดื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉื ื™ื”ืด โ€“ ื™ืื™ืจื” ื’ื ื•ืกืจ. ืคืกื™ืคืก, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 3 (1988), ืขืžืณ 15, 34.
  • ืฉืžื™ืจ, ื–ื™ื•ื”. ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจืช ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืืœื™. ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ื’ืœืณ 101 (ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืžืดื—, ื™ื•ื ื™ 1988), ืขืžืณ 19.
  • ืฉื ื™ืจ, ืœืื”.  ืฉื™ืจื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ, ื‘ืณ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืžืดื—, 17 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1988, ืขืžืณ 15.
ืขืœ ืดื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืžืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื”ืด ืขืœ ืดืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ืฉืจ ื”ืกืงืกื•ืคื•ืŸ : ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ ื™ืื™ืจ, ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉื˜ืจืŸืด
  • ื‘ืŸึพื˜ืœ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ.  ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืืคืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืจื—.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื›ืดื˜ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉื ืดื—, 21 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1998, ืขืžืณ ื‘ 15.
  • ื‘ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ื™ื•ืจื [ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืจืฉืช] ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ ื™ืื™ืจ. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืืณ ื‘ืื“ืจ ืชืฉื ืดื—, 27 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1998, ืขืžืณ ื“ 2.
  • ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื”ืœืœ. ื™ืื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ืื™ืจ: ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืžื—ืงืจ. ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ื’ืœืณ 218 (1998), ืขืžืณ 30โ€“31.
  • ื™ืขื•ื–, ื—ื ื”. ืดื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืœืœืด (ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ื™ืื™ืจื” ื’ื ื•ืกืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืดืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ืฉืจ ื”ืกืงืกื•ืคื•ืŸืด). ืคืกื™ืคืก, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 37 (1998), ืขืžืณ 9โ€“11.
  • ืœื•ื™ืชืŸ, ืขืžื•ืก. ืžืกื™ืจื”, ืงืœืœื•ืช ื•ื—ืจืžื•ืช. ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ื’ืœืณ 216 (1998), ืขืžืณ 44โ€“45.
  • ืขื™ื˜ื, ื™ืจื™ื‘. ืœืžื™, ืœืžื™ ืฉืจ ื”ืกืงืกื•ืคื•ืŸ? ื”ืื•ืžื”, ืฉื ื” 35, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 131 (1998), ืขืžืณ 376โ€“377.
  • ืฉืžื™ืจ, ื™ืฆื—ืง. ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ื”ืœื•ื—ื. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื โ€“ ื’ืœืณ 264 (ื›ืณ ื‘ืื“ืจ ืชืฉื ืดื—, 18 ื‘ืžืืจืก 1998), ืขืžืณ 1, 15.
ืขืœ ืดื”ื—ื•ืฆืคื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืฉื™ืจื™ื”ืด ืขืœ ืดืฉื™ื™ื ื“ืœืด
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

OpenLibrary โ€“ Q105623834 Wikidata โ€“ Q105623834 NLI โ€“ 987007306587705171 LC โ€“ nr88006102 VIAF โ€“ 12150522
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 11 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2026

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