ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื—ื‘ืจ ืกืคืจื ื™ื
  

ื—ื’ื™ืช ื’ืจื•ืกืžืŸ (1976)

<ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Hagit Grossman

    ื—ื’ื™ืช ื’ืจื•ืกืžืŸ ื ื•ืœื“ื” ื‘ื‘ืณ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืœืดื–, 26 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1976 ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืฉื ื•ื‘ื ืก ืฆื™ื•ื ื” ื”ืชื—ื ื›ื”. ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื“ื” ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื‘ืดืงืžืจื” ืื•ื‘ืกืงื•ืจื”ืด. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืœืžื“ื” ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืดื‘ื™ืช ืฆื‘ื™ืด ื•ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื” ืœืืžื ื•ืช. ื‘ึพ2001โ€“2004 ืœืžื“ื” ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘. ื‘ึพ2006โ€“2007 ืœืžื“ื” ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืŸึพื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื’ื‘. ืžืœืžื“ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืดืžื•ืกืจืจื”ืด, ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœืืžื ื•ืช ืจื‘ึพืชื—ื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘, ื ืฉื•ืื” ื•ืื ืœื‘ืช. ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื•ืจืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ. ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื” ื”ืชืคืจืกืžื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืขืช ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
    ืคื™ืจืกืžื” ืขื“ ื›ื” ืฉืฉื” ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืืœ (ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช, 2007), ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ ื”ืืคืจ (2010), ืจืขื“ ื”ืขื™ืจ (2013), ืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ (2017), ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื (2023) ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืจืขื‘ (2024) ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืžื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื (ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื, 2012), ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืœื•ืื™ืก (2014) ื•ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืคืจืฆื™ื (2018). ื‘ึพ2017 ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื (ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืคืจื“ืก).
    ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื ื”, ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžืกืข ืคืจึตื“ื” ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืื‘ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื• ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื•ื”ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื•: ืดืึฒื ึดื™ ื™ื•ึนืฉืึถื‘ึถืช ื•ึผื‘ื•ึนื”ึธื” ื‘ึผึธืึฒืคึตืœึธื” [โ€ฆ]/ ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึธืจึถื’ึทืข ื”ึทื‘ึผึธื ื›ึผึฐื‘ึธืจ ืœึนื ืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื›ึผึฐืžื•ึน ืฉึถืืึทืชึผึธื” ื‘ึผึธืจึถื’ึทืข ื”ึทื–ึผึถื” [โ€ฆ]/ ืึทืชึผึธื” ืœื•ึนืžึตื“ ืœึธืžื•ึผืช ื‘ึผึดื™ึฐื—ึดื™ื“ื•ึผืชืด (ืชืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืืœ, ืดื”ื ื— ืœืื•ืจืด). ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื™ืจื™ ืงื™ื ื” ืœืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืชืื‘ื“ ืœืฆื“ ืฉื™ืจื™ ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืื”ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื™ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื•ื—ืจื“ื”: ืดืœึดืคึผึนืœ ืึถืœ ืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ/ ื”ึทื™ึผึธื ืฉืึถืœึผึฐืšึธ/ ื•ึฐืœึนื ืœึธื“ึทืขึทืช ืฉืึถื–ึผึถื”/ ื”ึทื™ึผึธื ืฉืึถืœึผึฐืšึธ/ [โ€ฆ] ื•ึฐื”ึทืœึผึดื•ึฐื™ึธืชึธืŸ ืฉื‚ื•ึนื—ึถื” ื‘ึผึดื‘ึฐืฉื‚ึธืจึดื™/ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึดื™ืชึดื™ ื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ ืžึดื‘ึผึฐืฉื‚ึธืจึฐืšึธ [โ€ฆ]ืด (ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ ื”ืืคืจ, ืดื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ืกืด).
    ื‘ืจื•ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื, ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืœืš ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื“ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืœืคืจื•ื–ื”, ื•ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœืชืืจ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืกืชืจ ื•ื”ื ื’ืœื” ื ืžื”ืœื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”. ืฉื™ืจื™ื” ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืชื— ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื”ื‘ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ื”ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื•ื”ื›ืžื™ื”ื” ืœืขื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื”. ื”ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืคืชื— ืคื•ืื˜ื™ ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ืจืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื. ื ื“ืžื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื ืื• ืขืžื•ืžื™ื ืžืขื˜, ืืš ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืชื” ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื” ื”ื—ื•ื“ืจ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื‘ืข ืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืขืฉื™ืจ ื”ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืื•ื–ื™, ืœืœื ืขื›ื‘ื•ืช ืื• ืื™ืคื•ืง ืฆื•ืจื ื™. ืฉื™ืจืชื”, ื›ืชื‘ ืืจื– ืฉื•ื™ื™ืฆืจ (2010), ื”ื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื•ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœ ื“ื—ืฃ ืžื•ื•ืช, ืฉืœ ืกื›ื ื” ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืฉืœ ืžืงืœื˜.

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืœืŸ ื‘ืจึพื“ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”]
[ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื’ื™ื ืžื ื“ืœื™ืŸ]

ืกืคืจื™ื”:
  • ืชืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืืœ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช, ืชืฉืกืดื– 2007)
  • ืœื•ื™ืชื ื™ ื”ืืคืจ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืงืฉื‘ ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืดืข 2010)
  • ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“,  2012) <ืจื•ืžืŸ>
  • ืจืขื“ ื”ืขื™ืจ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืงืฉื‘ ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืขืดื’ 2013)
  • ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืœื•ืื™ืก (ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”  : ื›ื ืจืช, ื–ืžื•ืจื”ึพื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉืขืดื“ 2014) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ื™ื’ืืœ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ>
  • ืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื‘ื ื™ึพื‘ืจืง : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืขืดื– 2017)
  • ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžืžื™ื (ื—ื™ืคื” : ืคืจื“ืก, ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ, ืชืฉืขืดื– 2017) <ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื>
  • ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืคืจืฆื™ื (ื—ื‘ืœ ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ : ื›ื ืจืช, ื–ืžื•ืจื”ึพื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ื“ื‘ื™ืจ, ืชืฉืขืดื— 2018) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ื™ื’ืืœ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ>
  • ื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืชืจืกื˜, ืชืฉืคืดื’ 2023) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื. ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ืขื•ื“ื“ ืžื ื“ื”ึพืœื•ื™>
  • ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืจืขื‘ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื‘ื ื™ึพื‘ืจืง : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 2024) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ืืจื– ืฉื•ื™ื™ืฆืจ>
ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื”: ืขืœ ืดืชืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืืœืด ืขืœ ืดืœื•ื™ืชื ื™ ื”ืืคืจืด ืขืœ ืดื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ืืด
ืขืœ ืดืจืขื“ ื”ืขื™ืจืด
ืขืœ ืดืœื™ืœื” ื•ืœื•ืื™ืกืด ืขืœ ืดืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžืžื™ืืด
  • ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅืณ, ืื™ืœืŸ. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืคื™.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 1279 (ื›ืดื“ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืขืดื–, 15 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2017), ืขืžืณ 35 <ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืขื ื” ื’ื•ื ืŸ โ€“ ืœื”ืœืŸ>
  • ื’ื•ื ืŸ, ื™ื•ืขื ื”.  ื”ืžื—ืคืคืช.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ    (ื’ืณ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืขืดื–, 25 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2017), ืขืžืณ 7โ€“8 <ื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืื™ืœืŸ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅืณ โ€“ ืœืขื™ืœ>
ืขืœ ืดืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃืด ืขืœ ืดืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืคืจืฆื™ืืด
ืขืœ ืดื”ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ืืด
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:
OpenLibrary โ€“ OL6622796A Wikidata โ€“ Q7006855 NLI โ€“ 987007307463405171 LC โ€“ no2008073624 VIAF โ€“ 9655673
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 8 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2025

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ
ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
ืขื•ืจืš ืื—ืจืื™: ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื’ืœืจื•ืŸึพื’ื•ืœื“ืฉืœื’ืจ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื”

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ