ืื•ืคื™ืจ ื˜ื•ึผืฉึถื”ึพื’ึทืคืœึธื” (1968)

Ofir Touchรฉ Gafla

     ืื•ืคื™ืจ ื’ืคืœื” ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขื“ื•ืชื• ื”ื—ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืข. ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื• ืื™ืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืฉื ืดื˜ื•ืฉื”ืด ื›ืฉื ืืžืฆืขื™ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืขื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื” Touchรฉ Turtle and Dum Dum, ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื”ึพื‘ืจื‘ืจื”. ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื“ื’ืœ ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื“ื™ื“ืงื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœืžืขื˜ ืงื•ืจืก ืชืกืจื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฉืš ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืืฆืœ ืื™ืฉ ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื“ื•ื“ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’, ื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื•. ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื’ื ื– ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืชื‘, ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืจื•ืžื ื™ื ืขื‘ื™ ื›ืจืก, ืกื“ืจืช ืชืกืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื. ื‘-1996 ื›ืชื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืดืจื™ืžื•ืŸืด ืื•ืคืจืช ืจื•ืง ื‘ืฉื ืงื•ื•ืจื˜ื˜ ื•ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ื˜ื”. ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืœื™ืžื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช ืžื˜ืขื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจึพืื™ืœืŸ, ื›ืชื‘ ืชืกืจื™ื˜ื™ ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืœืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืดืงื™ื“ื•ืืด, ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื, ืกื•ืงืจ ืžื“ืœืช ืœื“ืœืช ื•ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขืช ืœื ื—ื“ืœ ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ื”. ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžืชืคืจื ืก ืžื”ื•ืจืืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืฆื™ืœื•ื ืดืžื•ืกืจืจื”ืด, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื•ืœื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืขืดืฉ ืกื ืฉืคื™ื’ืœ ื•ื‘ืดืžื“ื™ื˜ืงืด ื—ื•ืœื•ืŸ.
    ืžืคืจืกื ืืช ืกืคืจื™ื• ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื›ืชืจ ืž-2004, ืื– ืจืื” ืื•ืจ ืกืคืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื•ืฃ. ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ, ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ ื—ื™ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ื”ืคืš ืขื ืฆืืชื• ืœืจื‘ึพืžื›ืจ ื•ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ื’ืคืŸ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืžื“ืข ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ (2004) ื•ื‘ืคืจืก ืงื•ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื•ืŸ (2006). ื‘-2013 ืจืื” ื”ืกืคืจ ืื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช Tor ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช. ืคื™ืจืกื ืืจื‘ืขื” ืจื•ืžื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ื”ืงื˜ืจืงื˜ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื— (2005); ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขืจืคืœ (2007); ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืžืชื” (2010); ืขืฉืชื•ื ื•ืช (2013).
    ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืžืืชื’ืจืช. ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืจืืชื” ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ืื™ึพืืคืฉืจ ืœืืชืจ ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื. ื”ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœืช ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืขืžื•ืง ืขื ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืœืžืืŸ ืจื•ืฉื“ื™, ืขื ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื•ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื•ืขื ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืœื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื• โ€“ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื ื•ืกื— ืฉื˜ื•ืงื”ืื•ื–ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืช ืจื•ืง ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช. ืœื ืคืขื ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ื”ื•ื ื—ืจื“ืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืฉื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ืžื–ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขืžื”. ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืขืฆืžื”, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื’ื ื ื” ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืชื•ื“ืขืช ื”ื›ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ. ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื• ืžื•ืœื™ื“ ืคืจื•ื–ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื“ืช, ืขืฉื™ืจื”, ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœื ืคืขื ื‘ื”ื’ื–ืžื” ื•ื‘ืคืืชื•ืก ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ืฆื‘ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชืคืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืื” ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ืืงืกืคืจื™ืžื ื˜ื™ื ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸึพืชื—ื•ืžื™ื™ื โ€“ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืกื™ืคืจ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืœืžืขืžื“ื™ื ืงื•ืœื ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื•ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื–ื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื–ืณืื ืจื™ื ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื. ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื•ืฃ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืœืฉ ืดื”ืžื“ืฃืด, ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื‘ืœืฉื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื โ€“ ื”ื•ืœืžืก, ืžืืจืคืœ, ื“ืœื’ืœื™ืฉ, ืคื•ืืจื•. ื”ืงื˜ืจืงื˜ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืžืŸ ืืคื™ื–ื•ื“ื™ืืœื™, ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืจื•ืฆื— ืกื“ืจืชื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื“ืจื›ื. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืคืจืงื™ื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืณืื ืจ ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ืื—ืจ. ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจืง ื”ื•ื ืื ื’ืจืžืช ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคืจ ื ื•ื“ืข ืžืื•ืชื• ื–ืณืื ืจ. ืžืื– ื”ื•ืคืขืช ืกืคืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจืกื ื’ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืดืกื›ื ื”ืด ื‘ืกืคืจ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื•ืงื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ (2006); ืดื”ืื™ื“ื™ื•ื˜ ืžืžื—ืจืด ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ืžืกืžืจื™ื; ื•ืดื”ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ืด ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื›ืฉืžื“ืœื™ืŸ ืกื˜ื• ื‘ื•ื›ื” (2007).

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช 
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชืจื’ื•ื ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”]
[ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืฆืณืฆืณื™ืง]

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื•ืฃ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืชืจ, 2004) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืื“ืฃ> <ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืกืคืจื“ื™ืช, ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ืœืกื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืœืฆืจืคืชื™ืช>
  • El umbral del mundo / traduccioฬn del hebreo de Eulaฬ€lia Sariola (Barcelona : El Andeฬn, 2008)
  • The world of the end / translated from the Hebrew by Mitch Ginsburg (New York : Tor, 2013)
  • ๆ‰พไธๅˆฐไฝ ็š„ๅคฉๅ ‚ : ๆœ‰ๆญป่”ญ็š„ๅนฝ่ฐท่ฃก,ๅพžไธๅญ˜ๅœจๅฆ‚้ก˜็š„็ตๅฑ€ / ๅฅง่ฒ็ˆพ.ๅœ–ๅกž.่ณˆๅคซๆ‹‰่‘— ; ๅˆ‡้”่ญฏ (่‡บๅŒ—ๅธ‚ : ๅ•†ๅ‘จๅ‡บ็‰ˆ, 2014)
  • Le monde de la fin / traduit de lืณanglais par Guy Abadia (Arles : Actes Sud, 2015)
  • ื”ืงื˜ืจืงื˜ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื— (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืชืจ, 2005)
  • ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขืจืคืœ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืชืจ, 2007) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืื“ืฃ>
  • ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืžืชื” (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืชืจ, 2010) <ืขื•ืจืš ื”ืกืคืจ โ€“ ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉืขื ื™> <ืจื•ืžืŸ. ืดืฆืขื™ืจื” ื”ืžืกืจื‘ืช ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื•ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืข ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”, ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื” ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืœื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ืืด>
  • ืขืฉืชื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจ ื”ืื™ึพืกื“ืจ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืชืจ, 2013) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉืขื ื™>
  • ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืชืจ, 2016) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉืขื ื™>
  • ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžืืจืฅ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ (ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืŸึพืฉืžืŸ : ื›ืชืจ, 2019) <ืขื•ืจืš ื”ืกืคืจ โ€“ ืขื•ื“ื“ ื•ื•ืœืงืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ>
  • ื”ืจื™ ื’ืขืฉ ืจื“ื•ืžื™ื : ืชืฉืขื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื (ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืŸึพืฉืžืŸ : ื›ืชืจ, 2022) <ืขื•ืจืš ื”ืกืคืจ โ€“ ืขื•ื“ื“ ื•ื•ืœืงืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ>

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:

  • ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืคื™ืจ ื˜ื•ืฉื”ึพื’ืคืœื”. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 650 (ื”ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉืกืดื”, 10 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2005), ืขืžืณ 3.
  • ืื•ืคื™ืจ ื˜ื•ืฉื” ื’ืคืœื”. ืžืกืข ืืœ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื•ื“ืข. ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื›ืดื˜ ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืกืดื•, 30 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2005, ืขืžืณ 28.
ืขืœ ืดืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื•ืฃืด
  • ืขื•ืœื ื”ืกื•ืฃ โ€“ ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื”.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 595 (ื’ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉืกืดื“, 21 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2004), ืขืžืณ 4โ€“5 <ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืณื›ืชืจืณ>
  • ื’ื•ืœื“ืฉืžื™ื˜, ื˜ืœื™.  ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื“ืจืš.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 598 (ื›ืดื“ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉืกืดื“, 11 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2004), ืขืžืณ 8
  • ื”ื•ืคืžืŸ, ื—ื™ื”. ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื. ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื™ืดื˜ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉืกืดื“, 6 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2004, ืขืžืณ 26โ€“27. โ€ฌ
  • ื”ืจืฆื•ื’, ืขืžืจื™.  ืฉืคื” ื•ืœื ืคื ื˜ื•ืžื™ืžื” โ€“ ืฆืœืงื•ืช ื‘ื’ื–ืข ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื™ืดื– ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืกืดื“, 3 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2004, ืขืžืณ ื” 4
  • ื›ื”ืŸ, ื—ื’ื™ืช. ืจืง ืฉื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื ื™ืชืื‘ื“ื•. ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช <ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ>, ื›ืดื’ ื‘ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืกืดื”, 7 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2004.
  • ืžื ื”ื™ื™ื, ื ื•ืขื”.  ืœืžื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”.  ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืกืคืจื•ืช <ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ>, 30 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2004
  • ืžื ื•ื—, ืžืจื‘. ืฉื—ืจ ื”ืžืชื™ื. ืžืขืจื™ื‘ NRG <ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ>, 4 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2004
  • ืฉืจื’ืื™, ืชื•ืœื™.  ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื™ืคื” ืœื•.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉืกืดื“,  23 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2004, ืขืžืณ 16.
ืขืœ ืดื”ืงื˜ืจืงื˜ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื—ืด ืขืœ ืดืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขืจืคืœืด ืขืœ ืดื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืžืชื”ืด
ืขืœ ืดื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ืืด
  • ืื™ื–ื™ืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ, ื’ื™ืœื™.  ืฉื ืื” ืชืฆื™ืœ ืžืžื•ื•ืช. ื”ืืจืฅ, ื’ืœืจื™ื” ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื›ืดื˜ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืขืดื•, 2 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2016, ืขืžืณ 12โ€“16 <ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืขื ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื•>
  • ืืจืœื™ืš, ื’ื™ื.  ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ืจืืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉ.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ    (ื›ืดื“ ื‘ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืขืดื–, 25 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2016), ืขืžืณ 4.
  • ื–ื•ืืจืฅ, ืจื•ืช.  ืดื‘ืขืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืจื•ืžืŸ ืื ื™ ืžื˜ืคื— ืกื•ื“ืด.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื”ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ, ื›ืดื• ื‘ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืขืดื–, 27 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2916), ืขืžืณ 12 <ืจืื™ื•ืŸ>
ืขืœ ืดืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžืืจืฅ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉืด
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

OpenLibrary โ€“ OL5118362A Wikidata โ€“ Q6819756 J9U โ€“ 987007309286205171 NLI โ€“ 000170266 LC โ€“ no2005003987 VIAF โ€“ 58805461
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 5 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2022

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ