ื ื•ืขื” ืžื ื”ื™ื™ื (1974)

Noa Mannheim

    ื ื•ืขื” ืžื ื”ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืช ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ื“ืชื™ืช-ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืข ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื›ืžืฉ"ืงื™ืช ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืœื ื™ ื•ื‘ืกื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื™"ืจ, ื™ืฆืื” ื‘ืฉืืœื”. ืขื•ืจื›ืช, ืžื‘ืงืจืช ื•ืžืกืื™ืช ื•ืจืืฉ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืกืคืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช "ื›ื ืจืช, ื–ืžื•ืจื”, ื“ื‘ื™ืจ". ืœืžื“ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื’ ืœืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื•ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ืืš ืœื ืกื™ื™ืžื”. ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื‘ืงืจืช ืกืคืจื•ืช ื‘"ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช" ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืชื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืกืคืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื "ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืฃ" ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ 23 ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื™ื•ืจื ืžืœืฆืจ. ืžืื– 2005  ืขืจื›ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช  ื›ื•ืชืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื–ื•ื›ื™ ืคืจืก ืกืคื™ืจ: "ืื ื™ืฉ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ" ืžืืช ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ื•"ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช" ืžืืช ื ืขื” ื™ื“ืœื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืชืžื—ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื–'ืื ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช: ืžืชื—, ืคื ื˜ืกื™ื” ื•ืžื“ืข-ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™. ืชืจื’ืžื” ืืช "ืคืจื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ 451" ืžืืช ืจื™ื™ ื‘ืจื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ืืช "ืกื™ืคื•ืจ: ืชื•ื›ืŸ, ืžื‘ื ื”, ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืกืจื™ื˜ืื•ืช" ืžืืช ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืžืงื™. ืžืคืจืกืžืช ื˜ื•ืจ ื“ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ ื‘ืžื•ืกืฃ "ื”ืืจืฅ" ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช. ื ื•ืขื” ืžื ื”ื™ื™ื ื ืฉื•ืื” ื•ืื ืœื™ืœื“.
[ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืืœื•ืŸ ืกื™ื’ื•ื™]

ืกืคืจื™ื”:
  • ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช : ืžืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืกืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื’ืจืฃ, 2019) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ื™ื•ืชื ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืจ>
ืชืจื’ื•ื
  • ืคืจื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ 451 / ืจื™ื™ ื‘ืจื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืื•ื“ื™ืกื™ืื”, 2002) <ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื™ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื›ื ืจืช, ื–ืžื•ืจื”-ื‘ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืชืฉืข"ื’ 2013>
  • ืกื™ืคื•ืจ : ืชื•ื›ืŸ, ืžื‘ื ื”, ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชืกืจื™ื˜ืื•ืช / ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืžืงื™ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ, 2005) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” - ื•ื™ื•ื™ืืŸ ืื‘ื™ื˜ืœ-ื‘ืŸ>
ืขืจื™ื›ื” (ืžื‘ื—ืจ):
  • ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื™ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ / ื™ื•ืื‘ ืื‘ื ื™ (ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ื–ืžื•ืจื”-ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, 2006) <ืจื•ืžืŸ> 
  • ืื ื™ืฉ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ / ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉื (ืื•ืจ-ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ื–ืžื•ืจื”-ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉืก"ื” 2005)
  • ืžื•ื–ื•ื ื’ื• :ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืฉื ืคืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื— / ื™ื’ืืœ ืกืจื ื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“, 2003)
  • ืื•ืชื” ื”ืื”ื‘ื”, ื›ืžืขื˜ / ืžื™ืจื™ ืจื•ื–ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ (ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ื–ืžื•ืจื”-ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉืก"ื” 2005)
  • ื™ืฆืจ ืœื‘ ื”ืื“ืžื” / ืฉื”ืจื” ื‘ืœืื• (ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ื–ืžื•ืจื”-ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉืก"ื– 2007)
  • ื”ืžืกืข ืœืื•ืจืงื•ืœื™ / ืฉื™ ืฆืœืจ (ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ื–ืžื•ืจื”-ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, 2007)
  • ืื›ื•ืœื•ืช / ืจื•ืชื™ ื–ื•ืืจืฅ (ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ื–ืžื•ืจื”-ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, 2008)

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื”:

ืขืœ "ืคืจื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ 451" ืœืจื™ื™ ื‘ืจื“ื‘ื•ืจื™
  • ื‘ืื•ืžืœ, ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช. ืฉืจื•ืฃ ืขืœื™ืš. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœ' 495 (ื™"ื’ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืก"ื‘, 21 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2002), ืขืž' 6, 13.
  • ืคืœืจ, ืœื™.  ืืœืฃ ื›ื‘ืื™ื.  TimeOut ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื’ืœ' 557 (4 ืขื“ 11 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2013), ืขืž' 103 <ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืžืชืจื’ืžืช ืขื ืคื™ืจืกื•ื ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจ>
  • ืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื™ืžืจื™ืช.  ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™.  ืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ, ื›"ื‘ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืก"ื–, 12 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2007, ืขืž' 38.
ืขืœ "ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช"
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:


ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 7 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2019

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื”

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ