ืื‘ื™ื“ื‘ ืœื™ืคืกืงืจ (1949)

 <ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Avidov Lipsker

    ืื‘ื™ื“ื‘ ืœื™ืคืกืงืจ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื™ืดื˜ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืดื˜, 13 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1949 ื‘ื—ื™ืคื”. ื”ืฉืœื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืžื ืกื™ื” ื—ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื‘ืฆื”ืดืœ ื›ื—ื•ื‘ืฉ ืงืจื‘ื™ ื•ื›ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื”. ืž-1971 ื•ืื™ืœืš ืœืžื“ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ, ืืฆืœ ืคืจื•ืคืณ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืื ืŸ ื•ืคืจื•ืคืณ ืžืฉื” ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ืฉ. ืฉืœื•ื. ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืื™ืœืš ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžืจืฆื” ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ, ื•ืž-2000 ื›ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” (1998โ€“2002), ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ (1997โ€“2011), ื›ืจืืฉ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช (ืž-1997 ื•ืื™ืœืš) ื•ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ืžืื– 2009 ืขืžื™ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืจื˜ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื•ืžืื•ืช ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ื ืฉื•ื™ ืœื—ื•ืงืจืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ืจื—ืœ ืืœื‘ืง-ื’ื“ืจื•ืŸ.
    ืขืกืง ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื: ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืžื ื•ืช ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ื•ืชืžื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™.
    ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืขื™ืกื•ืงื• ื‘ื—ืงืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืžืื– ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ื›ื™ื ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืฉืžื’ืžืชื” ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื— ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ ื”ืฉื’ื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื• โ€“ ืืœื” ื”ืžืชื’ืœืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ ืดืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืชืด โ€“ ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื—ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืณืื ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื™ื™ืกื“ ื“ืจืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ื›ื•ืœื•, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ืจืคื•ืžื ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื ื” ืดื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืด. ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื˜ืขื ื–ื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ืœืืคื™ื•ืŸ ืกื’ื ื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจืฆื™ ื“ืจืš ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืกืคืจื•ืชื™. ืกืคืจื• ืœืขืžืœ ื™ื•ืœื“: ืฉื™ืจืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืจื•ื™ื“ืก (2000) ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืชืคื™ืฉืชื• ื–ื•, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื: ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœืžื“ืŸ โ€“ ืื’ืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœืžื“ืŸ (1998) ื•ื™ื•ืžื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœืžื“ืŸ: ื™ื•ืžืŸ ืœืžื“ืŸ ืชืจืขืดื“-ืชืจืคืดื“ (1914โ€“1924) (2015).
    ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉ ืœืชืคื™ืฉืชื• ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉื™ืจืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืขื’ืŸ: ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (2006). ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืขื•ื’ืŸ ื•ื‘ื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ื’ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืชืคื ื™ืช ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืœื ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืœืื”, ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช (ืงื™ื ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ, ื’ื•ืžื—ื” ื•ืขื•ื“), ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื‘-2019 ืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช ืฉืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื•ืžืจืชืงืช ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช.
    ืžืื– ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื ืขื•ืกืง ืœื™ืคืกืงืจ ื‘ื—ืงืจ ื”ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื (ืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื•ื ื™ื–ื ื•ืกื™ืžื‘ื•ืœื™ื–ื) ืืœ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ืช, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืขืช ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ. ืืช ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื• ืืœื” ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉื™ืจ ืื“ื•ื ืฉื™ืจ ื›ื—ื•ืœ: ืฉื‘ืข ืžืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ืื•ืจื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ืืœื–ื” ืœืืกืงืจ ืฉื™ืœืจ (2010).
    ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ โ€“ ืž-1982 ื•ืื™ืœืš ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื™ื•ื–ืžื” ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช-ืžื—ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคืณ ื™ื•ืื‘ ืืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืžืชื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ โ€“ ื”ืชืžื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขืžื• ื ื™ืกื— ืืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื•ื“ื”. ื”ืžืชื•ื“ื” ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ืชื•ืคืขืช ืจื‘-ื”ื’ืจืกืื™ื•ึผืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื•, ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืงืจื ื•ืขื“ ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื: ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืืจืžื™ืช, ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ, ืœื“ื™ื ื• ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ืช-ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืจ ื›ืจื›ื™ ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืชื ืฉืœ ืืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื™ืคืกืงืจ (2004 ื•ืื™ืœืš), ื•ื‘ื”ื ืžืžื•ืคื™ืช ื•ื ื—ืงืจืช ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจืกืื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื”ื ืคืจืฉืช ืœืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื’ืจืกืื•ืช. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืคืขืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ืขื•ืจืš ืœื™ืคืกืงืจ ืฉืชื™ ืกื“ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช: ืžืขืฉื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ (2006 ื•ืื™ืœืš) โ€“ ืืกื•ืคื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื•ืกื“ืจืช ืชื™ืžื” (2009 ื•ืื™ืœืš) โ€“ ืžื•ื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื”.
    ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืืœื” ืขื•ืกืง ืœื™ืคืกืงืจ ื‘ื—ืงืจ ืฉื™ืจื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืคืจื•ื–ื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืื™ืœืš: ืืžื™ืจื” ื”ืก, ืจืžื™ ื“ื™ืฆื ื™, ืขืžื•ืก ืขื•ื–, ืืดื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ืื”ืจืŸ ืืคืœืคืœื“, ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื‘ืชืื™ ื•ืขื•ื“. ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžืืžืจื™ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืจืื• ืื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืขืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘-2011 ื™ืฆื ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืชื• ื”ืกืคืจ 24 ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ืืคืœืคืœื“. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืขื•ืจื›ื• ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืขื•ืจืš ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ืฉืจืื” ืื•ืจ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ.
    ื›ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืคื™ืจืกื ืœื™ืคืกืงืจ ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืฉื— ืฉืœ ืื‘ื (ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 1990) ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ืงืฉืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ืœืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื•!.

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืชืžืจ ื“ืจื•ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช 
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, ืืชืจ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ *] 

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ื”ืกื™ืžื‘ื•ืœื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ืฉ. ืฉืœื•ื: ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืดืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ืืด (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ, ืชืฉืœืดื–) <ื“ื™ืกืจื˜ืฆื™ื” (ืž.ื.) - ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ, ืชืฉืœืดื–>
  • ืื“ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื‘ืœ ื•ืกืžืœ : ืฉ. ืฉืœื•ื - ื”ืกื™ืžื‘ื•ืœื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื• (ื—ื™ืคื” : ืจื ืกื ืก, ืชืฉืžืดื‘ 1982)
  • ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ืฉ. ืฉืœื•ื: ืชืจืคืดื‘-ืชืฉืดื (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ, ืชืฉืžืดื“ 1984) <ื“ื™ืกืจื˜ืฆื™ื” - ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ, ืชืฉืžืดื“>
  • ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืฉื— ืฉืœ ืื‘ื : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 1990)
  • ืฉื™ืจืช ืฉ. ืฉืœื•ื : ืชืจืคืดื‘-ืชืฉืดื : ืžืืงืกืคืจืกื™ื•ื ื™ื–ื ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืกื™ืžื‘ื•ืœื™ื–ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉื ืดื‘ 1992)
  • ืœืขืžืœ ื™ื•ืœื“ : ืฉื™ืจืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืจื•ื™ื“ืก ืชืจืขืดื˜-ืชืฉืœืดื“ (ื—ื™ืคื” : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ืคื”, ืชืฉืดืก 2000)
  • ืฉื™ืจืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืขื’ืŸ : ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื™ื ืขืดืฉ ื™ืดืœ ืžืื’ื ืก, ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืชืฉืกืดื• 2006)
    ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
  • ืฉื™ืจ ืื“ื•ื ืฉื™ืจ ื›ื—ื•ืœ : ืฉื‘ืข ืžืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ืื•ืจื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ืืœื–ื” ืœืกืงืจ-ืฉื™ืœืจ (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ : ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ, ืชืฉืดืข 2010)
  • ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ, ืชืฉืขืดื•-ืชืฉืขืดื—, 2015โ€“2018)
    ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
  • ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ, ืชืฉืขืดื˜ 2019)
    ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
  • ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช : ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืจืžืœ, 2022)
ืขืจื™ื›ื”:
  • ื’ื•ืœืฃ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืกืฃ : ืžืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ืื•ืจื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ / ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ืงืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ืจื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืœืŸ, 1993)
  • ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืชืงื•ื” : 1912โ€“1992 / ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื ื•ื ื’ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืจืฉืคื™ื, ืชืฉื ืดื• 1996)
  • ืื’ืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœืžื“ืŸ / ืžื‘ื•ื, ืขืจื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช - ืื‘ื™ื“ื‘ ืœื™ืคืกืงืจ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืงืจืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฅ : ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื’ื ื–ื™ื ืขืดืฉ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจืฉ ืœื™ื“ ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื, ืชืฉื ืดื— 1998)
  • ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ : ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขื•ืงื‘ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ (ืจืžืช-ื’ืŸ : ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ, ืชืฉืกืดื” 2004) <ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื™ื•ืื‘ ืืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืจืœื” ืงื•ืฉืœื‘ืกืงื™>
  • ืžืขืฉื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ : ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืžื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืœื™ื•ืื‘ ืืœืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ, ืชืฉืกืดื• 2006) <ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืจืœื” ืงื•ืฉืœื‘ืกืงื™>
  • ืณืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืจืณ ืœืื•ืจื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ : ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื•ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช (ืจืžืช-ื’ืŸ : ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ, ืชืฉืกืดื– 2007) <ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืชืžืจ ื•ื•ืœืฃ-ืžื•ื ื–ื•ืŸ>
  • ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ืืคืœืคืœื“ (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ ; ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืจื˜ืžืŸ, ืชืฉืขืดื 2011) <ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื‘ื™ ืฉื’ื™ื>
  • ื™ื•ืžืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœืžื“ืŸ : ื›ืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืณื’ื ื–ื™ืืณ: 13456/196 (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ, ืชืฉืขืดื• 2015) <ื”ื”ื“ืจื”, ืžื‘ื•ื ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช - ืื‘ื™ื“ื‘ ืœื™ืคืกืงืจ ; ืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืชืงื ื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืขืจื•ืช - ืื™ืชืžืจ ื“ืจื•ืจื™>
  • ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื™ : ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ื•ืฃ ื•ืื“ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืœืฆื‘ื™ ืœื•ื– / ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื โ€“ ื–ื™ื•ื” ืฉืžื™ืจ, ืื‘ื™ื“ื‘ ืœื™ืคืกืงืจ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืจืžืœ, ืชืฉืคืดื‘ 2021)
    ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:
ืกืคืจื™ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ
  • ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืกืคืจ : ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืœืื‘ื™ื“ื‘ ืœื™ืคืกืงืจ / ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื: ื™ื’ืืœ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ, ืœื™ืœืš ื ืชื ืืœ, ืงืœืื•ื“ื™ื” ืจื•ื–ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื’, ืจื•ื ื” ื˜ืื•ื–ื™ื ื’ืจ (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ : ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ, 2020)
    ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
ืขืœ ืดืฉื™ืจืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืขื’ืŸืด

ืขืœ ืดืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืจ ืœืื•ืจื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืด
  • ืฆื™ืžืจืžืŸ, ืขืงื™ื‘ื. ืดืžืื•ืจืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืชื ื•ืด. ื”ืื•ืžื”, ืฉื ื” ืžืดื”, ื’ืœืณ 170 (ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืชืฉืกืดื—, ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2007), ืขืžืณ 122โ€“126.
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

Wikidata โ€“ Q4828791 J9U โ€“ 987007276939805171 NLI โ€“ 000459427 LC โ€“ n84017724 VIAF โ€“ 42019192
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 23 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2021

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ