ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื”ื ื“ืœื–ืœืฅ (1950)

Michael Handelzalts

ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื”ื ื“ืœื–ืœืฅ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื—' ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉ"ื™, 26 ื‘ืžืืจืก 1950. ืื‘ื™ื•, ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื ื“ืœื–ืœืฅ, ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืคื ื•ืกื‘ื•, ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื“ืœื–ืœืฅ (1879ึพ1942), ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื ืš ื•ืกื•ืคืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื™ ืฉื ืกืคื” ื‘ืฉื•ืื”. ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื”ื ื“ืœื–ืœืฅ ืขืœื” ืืจืฆื” ืขื ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื‘-1957. ืœืžื“ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื”' ื‘ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘. ืกื™ื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘. ื‘-1969 ื”ื—ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ "ืœืžืจื—ื‘". ืฉื™ืจืช ื‘ื’ืœื™ ืฆื”"ืœ (1971ึพ1981) ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืงื”, ืขืจื™ื›ื”, ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ. ืžืื– 1975 ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ "ื”ืืจืฅ". ืž-1981 ื—ื‘ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช "ื”ืืจืฅ" ื›ืžื‘ืงืจ ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืจืš ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช. ืขืจืš ืืช ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื "ืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช" (1981ึพ1992), "ืžืœื™ื ื•ืžื•"ืœื™ื" (1985ึพ1992)  ื•ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ "ืกืคืจื™ื" (1993ึพ2005).
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช: ื’ืจื ื•ืช, ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”]

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ืกืคืจ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืฉื•ืงืŸ, ืชืฉื "ื— 1997) <ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืฆืจืคืชื™ืช>
  • Histoires dโ€™en lire / tr. Katherine Werchowski (Paris : Gallimard, 2001)
  • ืขื•ื“ ืกืคืจ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 2000) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” - ืœืื” ืฉื ื™ืจ>
  • ื—ื ื•ืš ืœื•ื™ืŸ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื• (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“, 2001)
  • ืกืคืจ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื–ืžื ื™ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“, 2004)
  • ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ื•  (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“, 2006)
  • ืฉืจืœื•ืง ื”ื•ืœืžืก : ืชืขืœื•ืžืช ื”ื‘ืœืฉ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืืœืžื•ื•ืช (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืคื”, 2006)

ืขืจื™ื›ื”:

  • ื“"ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ืžื–ื• โ€“ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืืžื ื•ืช, 1999) <ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช - ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืก , ื™ืขืงื‘ ืคืจืงืฉ ("ื–ืื‘")>

ืชืจื’ื•ื:

  • ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง / ืœื•ืจื ืก ืื•ืœื™ื‘ื™ื” (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžื•ื“ืŸ, 1989)
  • ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” / ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื‘ืืจื ื‘ื•ื™ื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื™ื“ื ื™ื : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, 1992) <ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืžื™ื›ืืœ ืœื•ื™ืŸ>
  • ืคื•ืจื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” : ืจื•ืžืืŸ / ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืœื“ ื’ื•ืžื‘ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ ; ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืชืจ, ืชืฉืž"ื–)
  • ืขืžืง ื”ืคื—ื“ : ื›ืœ ืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืจืœื•ืง ื”ื•ืœืžืก / ืกืจ ืืจืชื•ืจ ืงื•ื ืŸ ื“ื•ื™ืœ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื–ืžื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉืž"ื 1981) <ืžื”ื“' ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืชืฉ"ืŸ 1990> <ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื™ื—ื™ืขื ืคื“ืŸ>
  • ื”ืงื™ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” : ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืœื•ืง ื”ื•ืœืžืก (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื–ืžื•ืจื”, ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืžื•ื“ืŸ, ืชืฉืœ"ื— 1978)
  • ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื : ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืœืžื™ื“ื” / ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืฉืจื” ื‘ื•ื ื˜ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืŸ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืจืฉืคื™ื, ืชืฉืœ"ื˜)
  • ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืขืจ ืขื“ / ื”ื ืจื™ืง ืกื ืงื‘ื™ืฅ' (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืชืฉื "ื 1991) <ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื - ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืกืงื™>
  • ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ : ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืืคืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ / ืžืืช ืœืฉืง ืงื•ืœืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืคื” : ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ - ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ, ืชืฉืก"ื“ 2004) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” - ืื‘ื™ืขื“ ืงืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื’>
  • ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก / ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืœื“ ื’ื•ืžื‘ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืชืฉ"ืข 2009)
  • ื”ืงื™ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” / ืืจืชื•ืจ ืงื•ื ืŸ ื“ื•ื™ืœ (ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ืชืฉืข"ื 2011) <ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื "ืžืคื ืงืกื• ืฉืœ ืฉืจืœื•ืง ื”ื•ืœืžืก"ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื•ืจื™ ื‘ืœืกื>
  • ืžืืจืง ืื“ืœืžืŸ : ืœื•ื—ื, ืžื”ืคื›ืŸ, ืื“ื / ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืจืฉ, ืงืฉื™ืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ื•ืจื ื˜ืงื• (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ ืขืœื™ืช ื”ื’ื’ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“, 2012)
  • ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ื ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ื˜ื• / ืžืืจืง ืื“ืœืžืŸ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ืจื•ืจ ืœื ืคืฉ, 2013) <ืฉืžืขื” ื•ืจืฉืžื” ืคืื•ืœื” ืกืื•ื•ื™ืฆืงื”>

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:

ืขืœ "ืกืคืจ"
  • ื‘ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ื™ื•ืจื.  ืกืคืจ-ื—ืคืฅ.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื›"ื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉื "ื—, 23 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1998, ืขืž' ื“ 2
  • ื“ื•ืœื‘, ืขืจืŸ. ืื—ื•ื•ืช ืงื•ืจืื™ื.  ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื‘ืช โ€“ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืืžื ื•ืช, ื™"ื— ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉื "ื—, 16 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1998, ืขืž' 27.
  • ื•ืœื“ืŸ, ืฆื‘ื™ื”.  ื’ื ืœืกืคืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื ืฉืžื”.  ื”ื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื›ืจืš ืขื’, ื’ืœ' 4 (1998), ืขืž' 35.
  • ืœื‘ื˜ื•ื‘, ื™ืฆื—ืง. ืžืจื’ื•ืข ืœืจืขื‘-ืกืคืจื™ื.  ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืขื‘, ื—ื•ื‘' 7 (1998), ืขืž' 65.
  • ืจื•ื–ืžืจื™ืŸ, ืžื™ืจื™.  ืžืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื”ืงืจื•ื™ ืกืคืจ.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืžื•ืกืฃ ื—ื’ โ€“ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ื, ื›' ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉื "ื—, 16 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1998, ืขืž' 38.
ืขืœ "ืขื•ื“ ืกืคืจ"
  • ื‘ืŸ-ืฆื‘ื™, ืื‘ืจื”ื. ืงื•ื ื™ื ื•(ืœื ืชืžื™ื“) ืงื•ืจืื™ื. ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื‘ืช - ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืืžื ื•ืช, ื˜"ื• ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉ"ืก, 15 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2000, ืขืž' 27.
  • ื‘ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ื™ื•ืจื [ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืจืฉืช]. ืขื•ื“ ืกืคืจ. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื›"ื‘ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉ"ืก, 22 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2000, ืขืž' ื‘ 14.
  • ื“ื™ืงืžืŸ, ืขืžื™ื ื“ื‘. ื™ื•ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื˜ื ืžืื•ืฉืจ. ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืข"ื”, ื’ืœ' 2 (2001), ืขืž' 60-61.
  • ืจื•ื“ื ืจ, ืชืžืจ. ื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืชื—. ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช - ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ื, ื›"ื‘ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉ"ืก, 22 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2000, ืขืž' 28.
ืขืœ "ื—ื ื•ืš ืœื•ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื•"
  • ื’ื™ืœื•ืœื”, ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”. ื—ื ื•ืš ืœื•ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืจื›ื•. ื‘ืžื”, ื—ื•ื‘' 163 (2001), ืขืž' 89.
  • ืœืื•ืจ, ื™ืฆื—ืง. ืžื” ื ืฉืืจ ืœื ื• ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื“' ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืก"ื, 27 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2001, ืขืž' ื‘ 14.
  • ืคืจืื’, ืื•ืจื™ืช. ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžืœื‘ ืื•ื”ื“. ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช - ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ื, ื™"ื ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืก"ื, 4 ื‘ืžืื™ 2001, ืขืž' 28.
  • ืงื™ื ืจ, ื’ื“. ื›ืœ ื”ืžื˜ืคื—ื•ืช, ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช. ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ, ื—ื•ื‘' 5 (2001), ืขืž' 69-70.
ืขืœ "ืกืคืจ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื–ืžื ื™"
  • ื‘ืŸ-ืฉืื•ืœ, ืžืฉื”. ื•ืžื” ื›ืชื‘ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืžื™ื›ืืœ? ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืข"ื—, ื’ืœ' 3 (ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืก"ื“, ืืคืจื™ืœ 2004), ืขืž' 32ึพ33.
  • ื”ืจืฆื•ื’, ืขืžืจื™. ... - ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ ืžื—ื•ืœ - ... ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื™"ื ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืก"ื“, 2 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2004, ืขืž' ื” 4.
  • ืžืœืฆืจ, ื™ื•ืจื. ืื”ื‘ืช ืกืคืจื™ื. ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช - ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ื, ื›"ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืก"ื“, 13 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2004, ืขืž' 24.
  • ืกื•ืžืง, ืจื•ื ื™. ืœื ื•ืคืฃ ื‘ื™ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื. ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ื’ืœ' 288 (ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืก"ื“, ืžืืจืก 2004), ืขืž' 9.
ืขืœ "ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ื•" ืขืœ "ืฉืจืœื•ืง ื”ื•ืœืžืก"
  • ืกื’ืœ, ืื™ื™ืœ.  ืืœืžื ื˜ืจื™, ืงื•ื ืŸ-ื“ื•ื™ืœ ื™ืงื™ืจื™.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช - ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื™ื, ื™"ื– ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืก"ื– 8 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2006, ืขืž' 26.
  • ืฉื ื™ื™ื“ืœ, ื–ืื‘.  ื”ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.  ืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ, ื—' ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืก"ื–, 29 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2006, ืขืž' 38.
ืขืœ "ื“"ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ืžื–ื• - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ"
  • ืœืื•ืจ, ื™ืฆื—ืง. ื—ื™ื™ื ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื™"ื‘ ื‘ืื“ืจ ื ืชืฉ"ืก, 18 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2000, ืขืž' ื‘ 14.
  • ืคื–, ืžื™ืจื™. ืื ืคื•ืฃ ืฆืจืคืชื™ ืคืกืงื ื™. ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ืฉื ื” ื›"ื“, ื’ืœ' 239 (ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉ"ืก, ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2000), ืขืž' 6.
  • ืฆื™ื ืžื•ืŸ, ื“ื•ืจื”. [ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช.] ื‘ืžื”, ื—ื•ื‘' 158 (2000), ืขืž' 56-58.
ืขืœ "ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”" ืžืืช ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื‘ืจื ื‘ื•ื™ื
  • ื—ืคืฅ, ืคื‘ื™ืื ื”. ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื›ืืžืŸ ืฆืขื™ืจ. ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš, ื”' ื‘ืื“ืจ ืชืฉื "ื’, 26 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1993, ืขืž' 30.
ืขืœ "ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืขืจ ืขื“" ืžืืช ื”ื ืจื™ืง ืกื ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
  • ืฆื•ืจ, ื™ื’ืืœ. [ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช]. ื”ื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื™ื•ืœื™-ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1991, ืขืž' 28.
ืขืœ "ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ" ืžืืช ืœืฉืง ืงื•ืœืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™
ืขืœ "ื”ืงื™ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”" ืžืืช ืืจืชื•ืจ ืงื•ื ืŸ ื“ื•ื™ืœ
  • ืืœืคืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅ, ืœื™ืื•ืจ.  ืžืžืฉ ืœื ืืœืžื ื˜ืจื™.  TimeOut ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื’ืœ' 478 (29 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2011 ืขื“ 5 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2012), ืขืž' 163.
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ