ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช

Jerusalem Studies in Hebrew Literature


ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื—ื•ื’ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืขืดืฉ ืžื ื“ืœ, ื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืจื•ื—, ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืชืฉืžืดื 1981-


ื›ืจืš ื ื›ืจืš ื‘ ื›ืจืš ื’ ื›ืจืš ื“ ื›ืจืš ื” ื›ืจืš ื•
ื›ืจืš ื– ื›ืจืš ื— ื›ืจืš ื˜ ื›ืจืš ื™-ื™ื ื›ืจืš ื™ื‘ ื›ืจืš ื™ื’
ื›ืจืš ื™ื“ ื›ืจืš ื˜ื• ื›ืจืš ื˜ื– ื›ืจืš ื™ื– ื›ืจืš ื™ื— ื›ืจืš ื™ื˜
ื›ืจืš ื› ื›ืจืš ื›ื ื›ืจืš ื›ื‘ ื›ืจืš ื›ื’ ื›ืจืš ื›ื“ ื›ืจืš ื›ื”
ื›ืจืš ื›ื• ื›ืจืš ื›ื– ื›ืจืš ื›ื— ื›ืจืš ื›ื˜    

ื›ืจืš ืืณ (ืชืฉืžืดื 1981)  / ื”ืขื•ืจืš - ืขื–ืจื ืคืœื™ื™ืฉืจ

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื: - ื›ื•ืœืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœ-JSTOR

ืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”: ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื”: ืื’ื“ื” ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขืžืžื™ืช:

ื›ืจืš ื‘ืณ (ืชืฉืžืดื’ 1983)  / ืขื•ืจืš - ื“ืŸ ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื: - ื›ื•ืœืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœ-JSTOR








ื›ืจืš ื’ืณ (ืชืฉืžืดื’ 1983)  / ืขื•ืจืš - ื“ืŸ ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:
 

  • ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืงื“: ืฆื‘ืจื™ื, ืขื•ืœื™ื, ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื - ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉื ื”ืจ (ืขืžืณ 7โ€“27) *

     
  • ืฉืœืžื” ืฆื•ืงืจ: ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื•ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืณืขื™ื“ื• ื•ืขื™ื ืืณ ืœืฉืดื™ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 28โ€“66)

     
  • ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ: ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืŸ-ื™ืฆื—ืง (ืขืžืณ 67โ€“94)

     
  • ื™ืขืœ ืฉื’ื™ื‘-ืคืœื“ืžืŸ: ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ื™ื‘ ื›ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืจืช-ื’ืฃ : ืขืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืฉืœ ื’ืณ ืคืจื™ื™ืœ (ืขืžืณ 95โ€“121)

     
  • ื’ืœื™ืช ื—ื–ืŸ-ืจื•ืงื: ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ืณืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืฆื“ื•ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸืณ ื‘ืื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” : ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืื’ื“ื” (ืขืžืณ 122โ€“139)

     
  • ืฉื•ืœืžื™ืช ืืœื™ืฆื•ืจ: ืขืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืžื• ื•ืžื‘ื ื”ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ืงืœืจ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื ื”ืงืœื™ืจื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 140โ€“155)

     
  • ืขื–ืจื ืคืœื™ื™ืฉืจ: ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉืœืžื” ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืœ (ืขืžืณ 156โ€“163)


     



ื›ืจืš ื“ืณ (ืชืฉืžืดื“ 1983)  / ื”ืขื•ืจืš - ื“ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืก

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื: - ื›ื•ืœืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœ-JSTOR
 





ื›ืจืš ื”ืณ (ืชืฉืžืดื“ 1984)  : ืœื–ื›ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื ื• ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื‘ืŸ / ื”ืขื•ืจืš - ื“ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืก ; ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช - ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื ืืŸ.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:
 

  • ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื‘ืŸ: ื”ืกืฆื™ื ื” ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืชื™ื” (ืขืžืณ 7โ€“39)
     
  • ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ-ืžืจื“ื›ื™:  ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื‘ืŸ ื–ืดืœ (ืขืžืณ 41โ€“48)
     
  • ืฉืœื•ืžื™ืช ืจืžื•ืŸ-ืงื™ื ืŸ: ื”ืื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช? : ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื‘ืŸ ื–ืดืœ (ืขืžืณ 49โ€“62)
     
  • ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ืจืกืก:  ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืจื“ื™ืฆืณื‘ืกืงื™ : ืœื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื• (ืขืžืณ 63โ€“94)
     
  • ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื ืคืœื“: ืณื”ืชื•ืขื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืืณ (ื—ืœืง ื“) ืœืคืจืฅ ืกืžื•ืœื ืกืงื™ืŸ ื›ืจื•ืžืืŸ ืืคื™ืกื˜ื•ืœืจื™ (ืขืžืณ 95โ€“120)
     
  • ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ืจ:  ื”ืขืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืฉืจื ื™ื—ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ (ืขืžืณ 121โ€“136)
     
  • ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืงื“:  ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” - ืฆืคื ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื  (ืขืžืณ 137โ€“163)
     
  • ืฉื•ืœืžื™ืช ืืœื™ืฆื•ืจ:  ืจืืฉื™ืชื ืฉืœ ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ ื™ื— (ืขืžืณ 165โ€“173)
     
  • ืืคืจื™ื ื—ื–ืŸ:  ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ื•ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ (ืขืžืณ 175โ€“188)
     
  • ืขื–ืจื ืคืœื™ื™ืฉืจ:  ืขืœ ื“ื•ื ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื˜ ื•ืืฉืชื• ื•ื‘ื ื• (ืขืžืณ 189โ€“202)
     
  • ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื ืืŸ:  ืžื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืืœ ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช : ืคืจืง ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืงืจืื™ ื”ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ (ืขืžืณ 203โ€“220)
     




ื›ืจืš ื•ืณ (ืชืฉืžืดื“ 1984)  / ื”ืขื•ืจืš - ืขื–ืจื ืคืœื™ื™ืฉืจ

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:


  • ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ืกืฃ:  ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืกืžืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื’ื ืกื™ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 7โ€“28)


     
  • ืœืื” ื”ื“ื•ืžื™: ืณื‘ืœื•ื–ืณ ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ืคืกื˜ื•ืจืœื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 29โ€“45)


     
  • ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืจืืœ: ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืณื—ื–ืจื” (ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”)ืณ ื›ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจืืœื™ ื•ื›ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืื™ื“ื™ืื™ืช ื‘ืณืžื—ื–ื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืช ืขืžื™ืณ ืœืงืดื ืฉืคื™ืจื (ืขืžืณ 47โ€“60)


     
  • ืขืคืจื” ืžืื™ืจ:  ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื—ื–ืดืœ (ืขืžืณ 61โ€“77)




  • ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช-ืกืคืจื™ื:
  • ืขื–ืจื ืคืœื™ื™ืฉืจ: ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ืงืจ ื‘ื’ื ื™ื–ื” (ืขืžืณ 79โ€“90)
    ืขืœ: Alexander Scheiber - Geniza Studies (Hildesheim : New York, 1981







ื›ืจืš ื–ืณ (ืชืฉืžืดื” 1985)  / ื”ืขื•ืจืš - ืขื–ืจื ืคืœื™ื™ืฉืจ ; ืžื–ื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช - ื•ืจื“ื” ืคื“ื‘ื”

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:
 

  • ืื‘ื™ื ื•ืขื ื‘ืจืฉืื™:  ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื–ื– - ื”ืกื•ืคืจ, ื”ื“ืจืฉืŸ ื•ื”ื ื•ืื (ืขืžืณ 7โ€“34)


  • ื‘ืŸ ืขืžื™ ืคื™ื™ื ื’ื•ืœื“:  ื‘ื™ืŸ ืณืœื™ืฉืจื™ื ืชื”ื™ืœื”ืณ ืœืณืืžืช ื•ืืžื•ื ื”ืณ : ืžื” ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™? (ืขืžืณ 35โ€“70)
    ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืณืœื™ืฉืจื™ื ืชื”ื™ืœื”ืณ ืœืจืžื—ืดืœ (ืžืฉื” ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื•ืฆืื˜ื•) ื•ืณืืžืช ื•ืืžื•ื ื”ืณ ืœืื“ืดื ื”ื›ื”ืŸ.


  • ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื”ืŸ: ืณื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื”ืกื™ืžื•ืœื˜ืื ื™ืชืณ : ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงืช ืžืคืชื— ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืขื ื”ืชื ืดืš ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ืื“ืดื ื”ื›ื”ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 71โ€“89)


  • ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื˜ืจืŸ:  ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ื–ืดืœ (ืขืžืณ 90โ€“102)



  • ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช-ืกืคืจื™ื:

  • ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืœื‘ื•ื™ื: ืชืจื’ื•ื ืื ื’ืœื™ ืœืชื ื ื“ื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• (ืขืžืณ 103โ€“119)
    ืขืœ: Tana Dฤ•be Eliyyahu - the lore of the School of Elijah, translated from the Hebrew by William G. Braude and Israel J. Kapstein (Philadelphia, 5741/1981



  • English summaries


ื›ืจืš ื—ืณ (ืชืฉืžืดื” 1985)  / ื”ืขื•ืจืš - ืขื–ืจื ืคืœื™ื™ืฉืจ ; ืžื–ื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช - ื•ืจื“ื” ืคื“ื‘ื”

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:
 

  • ื™ืื™ืจ ื–ืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ:  ืณืขืœื” ืงืจื— ืขืœื” ืงืจื—ืณ - ืžืขื’ืœื™ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืงืจืื™ (ืขืžืณ 7โ€“23)
     
  • ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ-ืืœ:  ื”ืคื•ืืžื” ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืชื” (ืขืžืณ 24โ€“38)
     
  • ืขื•ื–ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜:  ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžืฉืคื˜ : ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืกื™ื—ื” ื•ืจื•ืฉืžื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง (ืขืžืณ 39โ€“49)
     
  • ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืืจื™:  ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื”ื‘ืจืชื™-ื”ืคื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™-ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื (ืขืžืณ 50โ€“70)
     
  • ืฉื•ืœืžื™ืช ืืœื™ืฆื•ืจ:  ืณืื•ืชื•ืช ืฉืœืฉื”ืณ : ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื ืงืœื™ืจื™ืช ืœืฉื‘ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื•ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ (ืขืžืณ 71โ€“89)
    ืคืจืกื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื ืขืคืดื™ ื›ืดื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื’ืณ 276.159 TS-H 15/89,TS-NS.


    ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช-ืกืคืจื™ื:
     
  • ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ: ืณื‘ืœื™ ืงื•ืณ ื•ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ื˜ื” (ืขืžืณ 90โ€“95)
     ืขืœ ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืก ืœื•ื™ืŸ, ืดื‘ืœื™ ืงื• : ืœื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืณืœืงืจืืชืณ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”ืด (ืชืฉืžืดื“)

  • English summaries



ื›ืจืš ื˜ืณ (ืชืฉืžืดื• 1986)  / ื”ืขื•ืจืš - ืขื–ืจื ืคืœื™ื™ืฉืจ ; ืžื–ื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช - ื•ืจื“ื” ืคื“ื‘ื”

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:
 

  • ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืงื“:  ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื? - ืขืœ ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืื™ืœืš (ืขืžืณ 7โ€“22)
  • ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ืจืกืก:  ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื—ื” ืœืืคื•ืœื•ื’ื˜ื™ืงื” : ืณื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื”ืจื™ื’ื”ืณ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื” (ืขืžืณ 23โ€“54)
  • ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ืกืฃ:  ืื•ืงืกื™ืžื•ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืกื™ื ืืกืชื–ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืืดื  ื’ื ืกื™ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 55โ€“75)
  • ืืœืŸ ืžื™ื ืฅ:  ื‘ืจื“ื™ืฆืณื‘ืกืงื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื”ืืจื•ื˜ื™ืช : ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืณืขื•ืจื‘ื ืคืจื—ืณ (ืขืžืณ 77โ€“101)
  • ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื•ืœืฅ:  ืžืขืฉื™ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืณื”ื›ื ืกืช ื›ืœื”ืณ ืœืฉืดื™ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 103โ€“124)
  • ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ-ืืœ:  ืณืขืœ ืชืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ื”ืณ : ื”ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืืžื” ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืณ ื˜ืฉืจื ื™ื—ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ (ืขืžืณ 125โ€“145)
  • ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืžื’ืจื˜ืŸ-ืงื•ืจื™ืก:  ืณืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืขื’ื•ืจืณ - ื”ืคื•ืืžื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ืกืงื™ : ื˜ืขื ื” ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื ืืจืืฆื™ื” (ืขืžืณ 147โ€“186)
  • ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ:  ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉื ืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืดืฆ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืขืžืณ 187โ€“200)
  • ื™ื’ืืœ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ:  ื”ืชื™ืžื” ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืืคืœืคืœื“ (ืขืžืณ 201โ€“214)
  • ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืคืœื“:  ื”ืจื•ืžืืŸ ื”ืื•ื“ื™ืกืื™ ืฉืœ ืืดื ืงื‘ืง : ืขืœ ืณืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืืณ (ืขืžืณ 215โ€“238)
  • ื‘ืŸ ืขืžื™ ืคื™ื™ื ื’ื•ืœื“:  ืกืื˜ื™ืจื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ืช ื ืฉื›ื—ืช : ื–ืคืจื•ื ื” ืžืืช ืืดืž ื“ื™ืง (ืขืžืณ 239โ€“258)
  • ื“ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืก:  ื”ืคื•ืœืžื•ืก ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ื ืฉื™ื : ื‘ื‘ื•ืื” ืœืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”  (ืขืžืณ 259โ€“300)
  • ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื’ืžืŸ:  ืกื™ื“ืจื•ืช ืจืฆืฃ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืณื™ืกื•ื“ ืขื•ืœืืณ ืœืžืฉื” ื–ื›ื•ืช (ืขืžืณ 301โ€“312)
  • ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื”ืœื•ื:  ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืžื–ืœื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (ืขืžืณ 313โ€“322)
  • ื•ืจื“ื” ืคื“ื‘ื”:  ืฆื™ื™ื“, ื”ื• ืฆื™ื™ื“ : ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื ื™ื–ื” (ืขืžืณ 323โ€“339)
  • ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืœื‘ื•ื™ื:  ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืงื“ื”  (ืขืžืณ 341โ€“356)
  • ืขืœื™ ื™ืกื™ืฃ:  ืณืžืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืšืณ  (ืขืžืณ 357โ€“373)


     


ื›ืจืš ื™ืณ-ื™ืดื (ืชืฉืžืดื–-ืชืฉืžืดื— 1988): ืืกื•ืคืช ืžืืžืจื™ื ืœื–ื›ืจ ื“ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืก  / ื”ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื - ืžื ื—ื ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืจ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื”ืœื•ื, ื™ื•ื ื” ืคืจื ืงืœ ; ืžื–ื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช - ื•ืจื“ื” ืคื“ื‘ื”

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:


    ื—ืœืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ

    ื“ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืก -- ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื•
  • ืื”ืจืŸ ืืคืœืคืœื“: ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” <ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืœืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืก ื–ืดืœ>  (ืขืžืณ 11โ€“15)
  • ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืจึถื’ืžืŸ: ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื“ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืก ื‘ื—ืงืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 17โ€“32)
  • ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ืก: ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœืคื•ืขืœื• ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื“ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืก (ืขืžืณ 33โ€“44)
  • ืืจื™ืืœ ืจื˜ื”ืื•ื–: ืื‘ื ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ืื‘ื ื™ ื—ืŸ : ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืœืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืก ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” (ืขืžืณ 45โ€“57)
  • ืžืชื™ ืžื’ื“: ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื” : ื“ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืก, ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ื—ื•ืงืจ (ืขืžืณ 59โ€“75)
  • ืชืžืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ื™: ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ืคื’ื™ืก : ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืขืคืจ (ืขืžืณ 77โ€“100)
  • ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื–ื ื“ื‘ื ืง: ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืก (ืขืžืณ 101โ€“111)
  • ืจื•ืช ืงืจื˜ื•ืŸ-ื‘ืœื•ื: ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื›ืžืฉืžืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื : ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื“ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืก ืณื—ืฉื™ืคื”ืณ ื•ืณื”ืชืงื ื”ืณ (ืขืžืณ 113โ€“122)
  • ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ-ืืœ: ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื˜ื™ืคื” : ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื“ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืก (ืขืžืณ 123โ€“135)
  • ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“: ืณื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืกื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืชืณ : ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืณืฉื ื™ื-ืขืฉืจ ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื–ืžืจื’ื“ืณ ืœื“ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืก (ืขืžืณ 137โ€“151)
  • ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื“ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืกโ€”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช <ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ-ืืœ, ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ืก, ื•ืจื“ื” ืคื“ื‘ื”> (ืขืžืณ 153โ€“186)


  • ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”
  • ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ื ื“: ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืกื•ื™โ€”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืกื•ืช ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง (ืขืžืณ 189โ€“199)
  • ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ืกืฃ: ื”ืื ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื”? (ืขืžืณ 201โ€“212)
  • ืžื ื—ื ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืจ: ืณืงืจืขื™ืืณ ื•ืณื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืืณ ื‘ืณืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืžื›ืืŸืณโ€”ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ืคืจืื’ืžื ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื‘ืจื ืจ (ืขืžืณ 213โ€“233)
  • ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื™ื ืคืœื“: ื”ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ื”ืืจื•ืกโ€”ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื”ืœื™ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชืชื™ื”ื• ืฉื”ื (ืขืžืณ 235โ€“252)
  • ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ืจืกืก: ื”ื˜ืคื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื–ื” ืžื—ื•ืจื–ืชโ€”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืณืžื’ื™ืœืช ืกื“ืจื™ืืณ ืžืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ืจื•ื•ื™ืฅ (ืขืžืณ 253โ€“270)
  • ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ: ืณืฉื™ืจ ื•ืฉื‘ืจ ืœื—ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืืณโ€”ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ ืณื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ืืณ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ื (ืขืžืณ 271โ€“297)
  • ืžืœื›ื” ืžื’ื ืฆื-ืฉืงื“: ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžืื’ื“ื•ืช ืฆืคืช ื‘ืจื•ืžืŸ ืณืขื™ืจ ืงืกื•ืžื”ืณโ€”ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ืขืžืณ 299โ€“310)
  • ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืจื™ื‘ื ืจ: ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืœื™ ืืžืจโ€”ืขืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง (ืขืžืณ 311โ€“323)
  • ื™ื’ืืœ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ: ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืื• ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื”โ€”ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื•ื–ื” ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืจืื•ื‘ื ื™ (ืขืžืณ 325โ€“337)
  • ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืงื“: ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืขโ€”ืขืœ ืณืžื–ืœ ื“ื’ื™ืืณ ืžืืช ืฉืดื™ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 339โ€“356)


  • ื—ืœืง ืฉื ื™

    ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืžื™-ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื
  • ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืœื‘ื•ื™ื: ืกืคืจ ื”ืื’ื“ื” : ืคืจืงื™ ืžื‘ื•ื (ืขืžืณ 375โ€“397)
  • ืฉื•ืœืžื™ืช ืืœื™ืฆื•ืจ: ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืœืฉ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื ื”ื™ื ื™ื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 399โ€“417)
  • ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืืจื™: ืณืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉืœื• ืื›ืœื ื•ืณ : ื–ืžืจ ืœืฉื‘ืช (ืขืžืณ 419โ€“443)
  • ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืจึถื’ืžืŸ: ืฆื ืคืช ื—ื•ืจ : ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืœ (ืขืžืณ 445โ€“467)
  • ืื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ: ืณืœื‘ื‘ื™ ืงื— ืœืš ืžื˜ื” ืœืฉื•ื ืšืณ : ื˜ื“ืจื•ืก ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืœื•ื™ ืื‘ื•ืœืขืืคื™ื”, ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืขื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช (ืขืžืณ 469โ€“482)
  • ืจื™ื ื” ื“ืจื•ืจื™: ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื ืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื˜ ืœืื•ืจ ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช : ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ (ืขืžืณ 483โ€“499)
  • ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ืก: ืœืฉืืœืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืณืžืœื™ืฆืช ืขืคืจ ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืณ (ืขืžืณ 501โ€“517)
  • ืืคืจื™ื ื—ื–ืŸ: ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ื”ื’ื–ืจื™ืช : ืžืœื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ื“ (ืขืžืณ 519โ€“530)
  • ื’ืœื™ืช ื—ื–ืŸ-ืจื•ืงื: ืณืื™ื›ื”?... ืื™ื›ื”?ืณ : ืขืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” (ืขืžืณ 531โ€“547)
  • ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื”ืœื•ื: ืœืคืจื•ื–ื•ื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื— ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ (ืขืžืณ 549โ€“565)
  • ืžืืฉื” ื™ืฆื—ืงื™: ืคืจื—ื™ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ืกืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืœ : ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืœืกื’ื ื•ื ื• ื”ื’ืจื•ื˜ืกืงื™ (ืขืžืณ 567โ€“575)
  • ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื•ื™ืŸ: ื”ืขื•ืคืจ ื•ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื : ืขืœ ืณืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืขื•ืคืจืณ ืœืจืณ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืณืื™ื’ืจืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ืืณ ืœืื‘ืŸ ืกื™ื ื (ืขืžืณ 577โ€“611)
  • ืคื™ื ื—ืก ืžื ื“ืœ: ื”ืขื‘ื“, ื”ืื™ืฉ ื•ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ : ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืง ื›ื“ ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 613โ€“627)
  • ื•ืจื“ื” ืคื“ื‘ื”: ืงื•ืœ ื”ืžืช ื‘ืงื™ื ื” (ืขืžืณ 629โ€“659)
  • ืขื–ืจื ืคืœื™ื™ืฉืจ: ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื—ืœืชื• ื”ืคื™ื™ื˜ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื‘ ื”ืื™ื™ ื’ืื•ืŸ : ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืณืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืชื•ืจื”ืณ (ืขืžืณ 661โ€“681)
  • ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ืจ: ืณื‘ืขืช ื—ืฉืง ื™ืขื™ืจื ื™ืณ ืžืืช ืื‘ืŸ ื›ืณืœืคื•ืŸ : ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืœื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ื”ืื‘ืกื•ืœื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื•ื”ืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื—ืงืจ ืฉื™ืจืช ืกืคืจื“ (ืขืžืณ 683โ€“706)
  • ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืจื•ื–ืŸ: ื”ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” (ืขืžืณ 707โ€“736)
  • ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืจืฆื”ื‘ื™: ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื“ (ืขืžืณ 737โ€“765)

ื›ืจืš ื™ืดื‘ (ืชืฉืดืŸ 1990)  / ืขื•ืจืš ืจืืฉื™ - ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืงื“ ; ืขื•ืจืš ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ - ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื™ื ืคืœื“

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:


ืขืœ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืœืงื™ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืจืฉืชื•
  • ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื™ื ืคืœื“: ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืœืงื™ืŸ (1898โ€“1987) (ืขืžืณ 7โ€“8)
  • ืจื•ืช ืงืจื˜ื•ืŸ-ื‘ืœื•ื: ืณืžืงื•ื ื—ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืžื•ื•ืชืณ: ืื–ื›ืจื” ืœื”ืœืงื™ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 9โ€“18)
  • ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ืจืกืก: ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืงื ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืœืงื™ืŸ ื›ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืฆืขื™ืจ (ืขืžืณ 19โ€“38)
  • ืจืคืืœ ื•ื™ื™ื–ืจ: ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืœืงื™ืŸ ื•ืžื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืชืฉืœืดื“โ€”ืชืฉืžืดื˜ (ืขืžืณ 39โ€“49)
  • ืขื•ื–ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ื˜: ื”ืณื”ืฉื›ืœื”ืณ ืžื”ื™: ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืณื”ืฉื›ืœื”ืณ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 51โ€“83)
ืกืคื•ืจืช ื—ื–ืดืœ
  • ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื ืืŸ:  ื“ื’ื ืณื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ืชืณ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ืืจืžื™ ื”ืืจืฆื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืกื“ืจื™ ืงืจื™ืื” (ืขืžืณ 85โ€“102)
  • ืขืœื™ ื™ืกื™ืฃ: ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื’ื“ืช ื—ื–ืดืœ (ืขืžืณ 103โ€“145)
  • ืขืคืจื” ืžืื™ืจ: ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™: ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืขืจื™ื›ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช (ืขืžืณ 147โ€“177)
ืฉื™ืจืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื
  • ืขื–ืจื ืคืœื™ื™ืฉืจ: ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืชื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื” (ืขืžืณ 179โ€“222)
    ืขืœ ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื™. ืœ. ื•ื™ื ื‘ืจื’ืจ, ืดืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืคื™ื™ื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœืงื ื™ื : ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื”, ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืœืขื™, ื•ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืด
ืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”
  • ืชืงืฆื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช (ืขืžืณ v)

ื›ืจืš ื™ืดื’ (ืชืฉื ืดื‘ 1992)  / ืขื•ืจืš - ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื™ื ืคืœื“ ; ืกื’ืŸ ืขื•ืจืš - ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ-ืืœ

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:
 

  • ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ืจืกืก: ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ืงืจ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” (ืขืžืณ 7โ€“28)
     
  • ืชืžืจ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ: ืณืงื“ื•ืฉืณ ื•ืณื—ื›ืืณโ€”ื”ืืจืดื™ ื•ื”ืจืžื‘ืดื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™-ืขื (ืขืžืณ 29โ€“64)
     
  • ืขื–ืจื ืคืœื™ื™ืฉืจ: ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืœื•ื™ (ืขืžืณ 65โ€“94)
     
  • ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืœืžื“: ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ื—ื’ื‘ ื•ื”ืขื ืงื™ื ื‘ืดื ื“ื ื•ื“ ื”ืกื™ืจ ืื•ื ื™ืด ืœืจืณ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื (ืขืžืณ 95โ€“102)
     
  • ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื’ืžืŸ: ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืชื—ืจื–โ€”ืœื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืจื™ื–ื” ื‘ืกื•ื ื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ (ืขืžืณ 103โ€“117)
     
  • ื“ื‘ ืจืคืœ: ืขืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืื’ืจื•ื ื•ืช (ืขืžืณ 118โ€“135)
     
  • ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื”ืŸ: ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื” ื”ืœืžื“ื ื™ืชโ€”ืฆื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” (ืขืžืณ 136โ€“169)
     
  • ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ืจ-ื™ื•ืกืฃ: ืจื•ืžืื ื˜ื™ื–ื ื•ื“ืงืื“ื ืก ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 170โ€“210)
     
  • ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืงื“: ื‘ื—ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸโ€”ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ (ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”) (ืขืžืณ 211โ€“260)
     
  • ื—ื™ื” ืฉื—ื: ืณืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืืžื ืฆื™ืคืฆื™ื”ืณ ืื• ืณืืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื”ืณ? ืขืœ ื–ื™ืงืชื” ื”ืคืืจื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ืื‘ื™ื“ืŸ ืืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ืืœืชืจืžืŸ (ืขืžืณ 261โ€“294)

    ืชืขื•ื“ื”:
  • ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ืจืกืก: ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ื• ืฉืœ ื’ื ืกื™ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 295โ€“307)
     
  • ืชืงืฆื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช (ืขืžืณ v)

ื›ืจืš ื™ืดื“ (ืชืฉื ืดื’ 1993)  / ืขื•ืจืš - ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื™ื ืคืœื“ ; ืกื’ืŸ ืขื•ืจืš - ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ-ืืœ

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:


  • ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื•ื™ื ื–ื•ืŸ: ืณืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื•ืš ืจืื™ืชื™ืณโ€”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื• (ืขืžืณ 7โ€“29)
  • ืขื–ืจื ืคืœื™ื™ืฉืจ: ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืžื•ืจืฉืชื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ ืกืคืจื“ ื”ืงืœืืกื™ื™ื (ืขืžืณ 31โ€“68)
  • ืฉื•ืœืžื™ืช ืืœื™ืฆื•ืจ: ืจื™ืืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืคื•ืจื”โ€”ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืžื•ื ื—ืช ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืืžื ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื“ (ืขืžืณ 69โ€“79)
  • ืžื•ื˜ื™ ื‘ื ืืจื™: ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืŸ-ืงื•ื”ืœืช ืœืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ื“ (ืขืžืณ 81โ€“105)
  • ืกื™ื’ื™ ื‘ืŸ-ืืจื™: ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจโ€”ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืฉืœืžื” ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืœ (ืขืžืณ 107โ€“114)
  • ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ืก: ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขื’ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืžืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืจื™โ€”ืณืžืœื™ืฆืช ืขืคืจ ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืณ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืืœ ื‘ื ื‘ื ืฉืช (ืขืžืณ 115โ€“153)
  • ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื”ืœื•ื: ื”ืชื’ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ ืื–ื•ืจ ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื (ืขืžืณ 155โ€“168)
  • ืชืจืฆื” ื•ืจื“ื™: ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ืื’ืจืืžื•ื ื˜โ€”ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื•ื ืคื™ื“ (ืขืžืณ 165โ€“196)
  • ืื™ืจื™ืก ืคืจื•ืฉ: ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชโ€”ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ืืดื™ ืคืคื™ืจื ื ืณืงื ืงืŸ ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืœื ื—ื“ืฉืณ (ืขืžืณ 197โ€“239)
  • ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืคืจื™ื“ืœื ื“ืจ: ืืœื™ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ื•ื™ื” ืกื ื™ื’ื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ? ืฉืงื™ืขื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“ื ื‘ืคืืจื•ื“ื™ื” ื”ืกืื˜ื™ืจื™ืช ืณืžืฉื ืช ืืœื™ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืื‘ื•ื™ื”ืณ ืžืืช ืžืฉื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื (ืขืžืณ 241โ€“259)
  • ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ืจืกืก: ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื‘ ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ (ืขืžืณ 261โ€“274)
  • ืจื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื“ื•ืก: ื“ื•ืกื˜ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืกืงื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ื”ื“ื•ืชื™โ€”ืณื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ืขื•ื ืฉื•ืณ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ืดื— ื‘ืจื ืจ (ืขืžืณ 275โ€“291)
  • ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืœ: ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™-ื”ืฉื’ื”โ€”ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืณื”ืื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸืณ ื•ืณืขื“ ืขื•ืœืืณ ืœืฉืดื™ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 293โ€“333)
  • ืืœืŸ ืžื™ื ืฅ: ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืก ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืณืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืจืณ <ืœืื•ืจื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’> (ืขืžืณ 335โ€“341)
  • ืฉืœืžื” ื™ื ื™ื‘: ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืœื“ื” ื”ืคื–ืžื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 343โ€“368)
  • ื“ื•ื“ ืคื™ืฉืœื•ื‘: ืณืœื ื›ื‘ืจื•ืฉ ืืœื ื›ื“ืฉืืณโ€”ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื” ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืคื•ืื˜ื™ (ืขืžืณ 369โ€“392)
  • ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ืจืกืก: ืขื•ืœืžื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงืจ ื•ืžืฉื•ืจืจ - ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืคืจื•ืคืณ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืชืฉื‘ื™ ื–ืดืœ (ืขืžืณ 393โ€“401)
  • ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืจืš (ืขืžืณ 403)
  • ืชืงืฆื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช (ืขืžืณ VII)




ื›ืจืš ื˜ืดื• (ืชืฉื ืดื” 1995)  / ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ-ืืœ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื”ืœื•ื

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:


  • ื™ื•ื—ืื™ ืื•ืคื ื”ื™ื™ืžืจ: ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืชืฉื•ืงื”โ€”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ืžืงืจื” ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื” ืืจื•ื˜ื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 7โ€“21)
  • ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื”ืœื•ื: ื”ืชื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืณ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ื“ (ืขืžืณ 23โ€“34)
  • ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ืก: ืคืฉื˜ ืื• ืืœื™ื’ื•ืจื™ื”โ€”ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืง ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ื“ (ืขืžืณ 35โ€“73)
  • ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื’ืžืŸ: ืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ื“ (ืขืžืณ 75โ€“82)
  • ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืจื•ื–ืŸ: ืณื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ื“ืณโ€”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ื“ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื™ื—ื™ (ืขืžืณ 83โ€“106)
  • ืื™ืจื™ืก ืคืจื•ืฉ ื•ื‘ืจื›ื” ืคื™ืฉืœืจ: ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ, ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื”ืจื ื•ืช (ืขืžืณ 107โ€“135)
  • ื’ืœืขื“ ื‘ืจืขืœื™: ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืงโ€”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 137โ€“160)
  • ื–ื™ื•ื” ืฉืžื™ืจ: ืฉื™ืจื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง ืณืจื–ื™ ืœื™ืœื”ืณโ€”ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื—ืฆื™ื• ืคืœื™ื™ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืฆื™ื• ืœื™ืจื™ืงื” ืฆืจื•ืคื” (ืขืžืณ 161โ€“184)
  • ืขื“ื” ืฆืžื—: ืณื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื“ื—ื•ืชืณโ€”ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืณื‘ื˜ืจืืณ <ืœืื•ืจื™-ื ื™ืกืŸ ื’ื ืกื™ืŸ> (ืขืžืณ 185โ€“196)
  • ืชืžืจ ื”ืก: ืณืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ืฉืง ืœื”ืณโ€”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ ื‘ืณืฉื›ื•ืœ ื•ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸืณ ืœื™ืดื— ื‘ืจื ืจ (ืขืžืณ 197โ€“221)
  • ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจ-ืืœ: ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืœื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื : ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืชื” ื•ื”ืชืงื‘ืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื™ืช ื”ื–ืณืื ืจ (ืขืžืณ 223โ€“245)
  • ืื‘ื ืจ ื”ื•ืœืฆืžืŸ: ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืคืกืœื™ื ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืชโ€”ืืงืคืจืกื™ืก ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื” (ืขืžืณ 247โ€“278)
  • ืื‘ื™ื“ื‘ ืœื™ืคืกืงืจ: ื”ื–ื•ืขืงื™ื ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื”โ€”ืฉืณ ืฉืœื•ื ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื“ื˜ : ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคืขืช ืณื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื˜ื™ืจื” ื ืžื”ืณ (ืขืžืณ 279โ€“305)
  • ืจื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื“ื•ืก: ืณื™ืœื“ื•ืชืณ ืžืืช ื˜ื•ืœืกื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืดื“ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ (ืขืžืณ 307โ€“316)


  • ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ื:
  • ืชืžืจ ื”ืก: ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืชื•ื›ื• (ืขืžืณ 317โ€“324)
    ืขืœ ืกืคืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื—ืœ ืคืจื ืงืœ-ืžื“ืŸ ืดื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืชื—ื™ืœื”: ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื•ืจื•ื‘ื™ืฅืด (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืคืคื™ืจื•ืก, 1989).


  • ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืจืš (ืขืžืณ 325)


  • ืชืงืฆื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช (VII)




ื›ืจืš ื˜ืดื– (ืชืฉื ืดื– 1997)  / ืขื•ืจืš - ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื ืืŸ

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:


  • ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืชื‘ื•ืจื™: ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืคืจืฉื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืกืชืจ ืจื‘ื” ื•ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื‘ื ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 7)
     
  • ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™: ืณื”ื™ืชืืคืง ืืฉืจ ื ืคืฉื• ืœื‘ื ื”ืณ: ืฉื™ืจืช ืจืณ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื’ื™ื“ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื”ืชืคืืจื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 19)
     
  • ืขื™ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืื™ืจื™: ืขืœ ืณืกืคืจ ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ืืณ ืœื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืŸ ืžืื™ืจ ืื‘ืŸ ื–ื‘ืืจื” (ืขืžืณ 35)
     
  • ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ืจ: ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื ืžื™ืžื™-ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืจื•ื–? ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงื” ืืžืคื™ืจื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 59)
     
  • ืžืฉื” ืคืœืื™: ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื›ื–ืณืื ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉื›ืœื”: ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ ื›ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ื”ืžื’ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช   (ืขืžืณ 75)
    ืขืœ ืดืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื›ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœืด, ื›ื ืจืื” ืžืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื™ื™ื›ืœ.
     
  • ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืงื“: ืณืื ื—ื” ืžืœื‘ ื ืฉื‘ืจืณโ€”ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื•ืช : ืขืœ ืณืกืคืจ ื”ืงื‘ืฆื ื™ืืณ ืžืืช ืžื ื“ืœื™ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื (1954โ€“1994) (ืขืžืณ 89)
     
  • ืžืœื›ื” ืฉืงื“: ืณืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœืณ ื›ืณืื“ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืณ ื• ืณืžื•ืคืœืืณ: ืœืฉืืœืช ื”ืืคื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ื–ื– (ืขืžืณ 115)
     
  • ื—ื™ื” ืฉื—ื: ื”ืณืื•ื“ื™ืกื™ืื”ืณ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ื ืฉื™: ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืณืื•ื“ื™ืกื™ืื”ืณ ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ืฆื™ื™ื ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช (ืขืžืณ 131)
     
  • ืจื—ืœ ื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ื“: ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื•ืจื™, ืณืฉื•ืฉื ืช ืจื•ื—ื•ืชืณ (ืขืžืณ 157)

    ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ื:
  • ืจื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื“ื•ืก: ืกืชืจื™ ื”ืกื˜ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ืช <ืขืœ ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืคืจื™ื“ืœื ื“ ืดื‘ืžืกืชืจื™ ื”ืกืื˜ื™ืจื” : ืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ืกืื˜ื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”ื™ืดื˜ืด, ื›ืจืš ื’ืณ (ืจืžืช-ื’ืŸ : ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ, ืชืฉื ืดื’)> (ืขืžืณ 183)
     
  • ืชืงืฆื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช (ืขืžืณ vii)

ื›ืจืš ื™ืดื– (ืชืฉื ืดื˜ 1999)  / ืขื•ืจืš - ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื ืืŸ

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:


ืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ื–ืดืœ

  • ื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืžืฉื ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ: ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืขื’ ืขืดืโ€”ืขื” ืขืดื‘ (ืขืžืณ 9)
  • ืขื ื‘ืจ ืจื•ื•ื”: ืณืฉื•ืžืข ืชืคื™ืœื”ืณ: ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืคื” ืขืดื‘) (ืขืžืณ 33)
  • ื—ื ื ืืœ ืžืืง: ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื” ื—ืœืง ื (ืขืžืณ 41)
ืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”
  • ืจืœื” ืงื•ืฉืœื‘ืกืงื™: ืณืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืงืฉื• ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ืณ : ืžืงื•ื ื•ื•ื ืฆื™ื” ืžื“ืจืฉื™ืช ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ (ืขืžืณ 59)
    ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ืช ืขืœ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืชืžื˜ื™ ื•ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืดืขืœ ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”ืด ืœื—ืดื  ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง.
  • ื“ื•ื“ ืคื™ืฉืœื•ื‘: ื–ื” ืฉื™ืจ ื–ื”? ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื” (ืขืžืณ 77)
  • ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื: ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื”ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืณื“ืฃ ืงืจื‘ื™ืณ ืœืื‘ื ืงื•ื‘ื ืจ (ืขืžืณ 99)
    ืขืœ ื“ืคื™ ื”ืงืจื‘ ืฉื›ืชื‘, ืขืจืš ื•ืคืจืกื ืื‘ื ืงื•ื‘ื ืจ, ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื ื•ืš ื•ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื” (ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ืจื•ืง) ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื’ื‘ืขืชื™, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ื” ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื”, ื”ืขืงื•ื‘ื” ืžื“ื, ืฉื”ืชื ื”ืœื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ืืจืฅ.
  • ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืงื•ืžื: ืณื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉื—ืง ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ืืณ: ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช (ืขืžืณ 121)
    ื“ื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ืืคืœืคืœื“.
  • ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžื™ืœืžืŸ: ืณืžื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ [...] ื‘ื•ื”ื” [...] ื•ืฉื•ืชืงืณ : ื—ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืง ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ืืžื™ืจ ื’ืœื‘ืข (ืขืžืณ 145)
  • ื™ื•ื—ืื™ ืื•ืคื ื”ื™ื™ืžืจ: ื”ืขึธืฆืžื” ื”ืื‘ื•ื“ื”โ€”ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ืจื˜ื•ืฉ (ืขืžืณ 167)
  • ื™ืขืœ ืคื•ื™ืก: ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”โ€”ืžื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืœืืฉืœื™ื”: ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืณื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœื™ืœื•ืชืณ ืœื ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืฆืงื™ ื•ืณื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸืณ ืœื™ื•ืจื ืงื ื™ื•ืง (ืขืžืณ 183)
ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ื
  • ืจื™ื ื” ืœืคื™ื“ื•ืก: ืฉื™ืจื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” (ืขืžืณ 205)
            ืขืœ ืณื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืืณ ืœื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื ืคืœื“ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, ืชืฉื ืดื– 1997)
     
  • ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืจืš (ืขืžืณ 209)
  • ืชืงืฆื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช (vii)


ื›ืจืš ื™ืดื— (ืชืฉืกืดื 2001)  / ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื - ืฉื•ืœืžื™ืช ืืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื ืคืœื“

 

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:

  • ืžืื™ืจ ืจืคืœื“: ืคืœืคื•ืœ, ืฆื ื–ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืฉื›ืœื”: ืœืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืื—ืช ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืชื ื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืขื›ื ืื™ (ืขืžืณ 7)
  • ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ืจ: ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื—ืœืงื”! ืื‘ืŸ ื›ืณืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช  (ืขืžืณ 19)
  • ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืจืฆื”ื‘ื™: ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 47)
  • ืžืชื™ ื”ื•ืก: ืณืœื ื”ื™ื” ื•ืœื ื ื‘ืจืืณโ€”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืืžื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 57)
  • ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ืจืกืก: ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืชืื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” (ืขืžืณ 105)
  • ืžืฉื” ืคืœืื™: ื”ื–ืณืื ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ื•ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืณื”ืžืืกืฃืณ, ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 137)
  • ื’ื™ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื•: ื›ืžื” ื”ืจื”ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจืžื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืณืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืชืณ ื•ืณืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืชืณ (ืขืžืณ 163)
  • ื‘ืจื›ื” ื“ืœืžืฆืงื™-ืคื™ืฉืœืจ: ืฉืœื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™โ€”ืืจื›ืื™ื–ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื–ื– (ืขืžืณ 187)
  • ืจืชื ืคืจื’ืจ-ื•ื’ื ืจ: ืณื‘ืืจืฅ ื“ืžื“ืžืชืณ ืœืื•ืจื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’โ€”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืื—ื“ื•ืชื• (ืขืžืณ 205)
  • ืชืžืจ ื•ื•ืœืฃ-ืžื•ื ื–ื•ืŸ: ืณืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื—ื™ืฉืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ, ืฉืœืžื”ืณ: ืœื–ื™ืงืชื• ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ืืœ ืจืณ ืฉืœืžื” ืžื•ืœื›ื• (ืขืžืณ 235)
  • ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื: ืณื”ืžื›ื ืกื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ืืณ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื•ืจื™ (ืขืžืณ 273)
  • ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ-ืžืจื“ื›ื™: ืžื™ืชื•ืก, ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืคืจื•ื“ื™ื”: ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืณื”ื ืกื™ื›ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืชืณ <ืœื ืกื™ื ืืœื•ื ื™> (ืขืžืณ 293)
  • ื–ื”ื‘ื” ื›ืกืคื™: ื™ืงื™ืฆื” ื•ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืณื™ืœื“ ื—ื•ืœืืณ ืžืืช ื—ื ื•ืš ืœื•ื™ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 309)
  • ื—ื™ื” ืฉื—ื: ืœื”ืชืคื›ื— ืžื—ืœื•ื, ืœื”ื™ืคืจื“ ืžื—ื–ื•ืŸโ€”ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื ื™ื›ื” ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 321)
        ืคืชื™ื—ื”
       
    ื. ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื”ืคืš - ืžืกื•ื•ื” ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืœื—ื ื™ื›ื” ืื™ื“ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช: ืณืื“ื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืณ ืžืืช ืขืžื•ืก ืขื•ื–
        ื‘. ื—ื ื™ื›ื” ื›ืคืจื™ืช ื‘ืขื˜ื™ืคื” ืžื™ืชื™ืช: ืณืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃืณ ืžืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ-ื ืจ
        ื’. ื—ื ื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ื ื–ืจ: ืณืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืจื™ืงืณ ืžืืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืงื ื–
        ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืกื™ื•ื
  • ื’ืœืขื“ ืžื•ืจื’: ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื: ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืณืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจืš: ืดืื”ื‘ื”ืด  <ืœื“ื•ื™ื“ ื’ืจื•ืกืžืŸ> (ืขืžืณ 341)
  • ื“ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: ืณื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื–ื” ื—ึถืจื‘ื•ืŸืณ : ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืณืฉืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืื—ื“ืณ ืœื™ืžื™ืžื” ื˜ืฉืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ (ืขืžืณ 359)
  • ืขื ื‘ืจ ืจื•ื•ื”: ืณืžื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืกื•ืฃืณ: ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ื“ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ (ืขืžืณ 379)
     
  • ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืจืš (ืขืžืณ 390)
     
  • ืชืงืฆื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช (vii)

ื›ืจืš ื™ืดื˜ (ืชืฉืกืดื’ 2003)  / ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื - ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืœ, ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“ ื•ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ

ื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช

    ื›ืจืš ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืณืžื—ืงืจื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืชืณ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื ื•ืฉื ืื—ื“: ื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืกืคืจื•ืช ื ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื™ื, ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืขืฆื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื™ืงื” ืœื–ืืช ืืช ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกืคืจื•ืช ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžืชื•ืš ืงืฉืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•. ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื ื˜ืขื ื™ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช. ืžื™ืชื•ืก ื•ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื“ืคื•ืก ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืคืจื“ื” ืžืžืจื—ื‘, ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื”; ืฉืœ ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจื—ื‘ ื ืžืฆื ืœืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžืžืฉื™ ืœื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืงื™ื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจื—ื‘ ื–ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช. ื‘ืขื ืžืคื•ื–ืจ ื•ื ื•ื“ื“, ืฉืžืงื•ืžื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ืžื•, ื•ืฉืืœื•ื”ื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืณื”ืžืงื•ืืณ, ืœื ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ื›ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ ืื ืฉืืœืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื•ืขืชื™ืง ื–ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื• ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช: ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืชืžื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงื•ืช ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื’ื ื‘ืื—ืจื•ืช.
    ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืจืš ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืงืฉืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืขื™ื•ื ื ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืžื–ืณืื ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืชืคืจืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืžืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ืช ื•ืขื“ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืืœื” ืžืžืฉ.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:

  • ื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช  (ืขืžืณ 7)

  • ื•ืจื“ ื ืขื: ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื ืฉื‘ื” : ืœื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื‘ืœ (ืขืžืณ 9)
  • ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ: ื”ืฆื’ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื ื•ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืก: ืณืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื”ืคืš ืœืขื•ื ืฉืณ (ืขืžืณ 23)
  • ืื“ืžื™ืืœ ืงื•ืกืžืŸ: ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืœื“ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืœืžื•ืœื“ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช: ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ ืขืœ ืจื‘ ืืกื™ ื•ืืžื• ื”ื–ืงื ื” (ืขืžืณ 47)
  • ืจื—ืœ ืืœื‘ืง-ื’ื“ืจื•ืŸ: ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฉื›ื—ื™ื: ื”ื”ื’ื™ื™ื” ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ืฉืืœื” ืคื•ืกื˜ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 65)
  • ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“: ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื™ืขืจโ€”ื˜ืฉืจื ื™ื—ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ื•ื’ืชื”: ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช (ืขืžืณ 91)
  • ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ: ืณืœื—ื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืฉื›ื•ืŸืณ: ืฉื™ืจื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื (ืขืžืณ 105)
  • ื“ื ื” ืื•ืœืžืจื˜: ืณืฉืžื” ื”ืœื ืœื ืคื”ืณ: ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื ืจ (ืขืžืณ 123)
  • ื’ื™ื“ื™ ื ื‘ื•: ื˜ืงืกื˜, ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช, ืžืจื—ื‘: ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืณื‘ื’ื ื™ืืณ ืฉืœ ื’ื ืกื™ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 143)
  • ืื•ืจื™ ื›ื”ืŸ: ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 167)
  • ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืฆืžื™ืจ: ื”ื ื•ืฃ ืžืื‘ื“ ืืช ืฉืžื•: ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื ืชืŸ ื–ืš (ืขืžืณ 219)
  • ื“ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: ืณื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื ืชื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช-ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸืณ: ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืณืื“ื•ืฉืืณ ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื‘ืชืื™ (ืขืžืณ 245)
  • ืžื™ื›ืœ ืคืœื“-ื’ื™ื ื–ื‘ื•ืจื’ ื•ืžืฉื” ืจื•ืŸ: ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจ (ืขืžืณ 273)
  • ืฉื—ืจ ื‘ืจื: ืขืœ ืณืืจืขืืณ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืœื“ ืฉื™ืžืœ (ืขืžืณ 305)
  • ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื’ืœื•ื–ืžืŸ: ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืคื—ื™ืช ืžืฉืงื” ืืœ ืชื•ืš ืณื”ื‘ืจื›ื”ืณ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง: ืื™ื ื˜ืจื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื–ื”ื•ืช ืคื•ืกื˜-ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืณืขืจื‘ืกืงื•ืชืณ ืฉืœ ืื ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืืก (ืขืžืณ 327)
  • ืจื•ืช ื’ื™ื ื–ื‘ื•ืจื’: ื–ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ: ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื•ื ื˜ื•ืค ืฉืœ ื‘ืื—ื˜ื™ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 349)
  • ืžื™ื›ืื™ืœ ื‘ืื—ื˜ื™ืŸ: ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ื›ืจื•ื ื•ื˜ื•ืค ื‘ืจื•ืžืŸ: ืžืกื” ืขืœ ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช [ืณืžื‘ื•ืืณ ื•ืณื”ืขืจื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืืณ] (ืขืžืณ 355)
     
  • ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืจืš (ืขืžืณ 369)
  • ืชืงืฆื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช (vii)

ื›ืจืš ื›ืณ (ืชืฉืกืดื• 2006)  / ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื - ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืœ, ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ ; ืžื–ื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช - ืฉืžืจื™ืช ืคืœื“.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:

ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“:  ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” (ืขืžืณ 9)

ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”


ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ-ืคื™ื ืฆื•ื‘ืจ: ืณืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืœ ื”ืจื™ื ื” ืื• ืืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”?ืณ : ืœื™ื“ื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ืœื—ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ (ืขืžืณ 13)

ื ืคืชืœื™ ื•ื’ื ืจ: ื›ื›ื” ืกืชื ืืš ืœื ืกืชื ื›ื›ื”: ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ืคื•ืื˜ื™ ืœืžืฉืงืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ ืืจื’ื•ื‘  (ืขืžืณ 39)

ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ: ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืณืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”ืณ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 53)

ืžื•ื˜ื™ ืจื’ื‘: ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื”ื’ื‘ืจื”, ืงื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงืœื˜ื”: ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื•ืืกืชื˜ื™ืงืช ื”ืจื•ืง (ืขืžืณ 87)

ืžืืžืจื™ื

ืขื“ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ: ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืคื™ื™ื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื” ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืœืื•ืจ ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืœืคื•ืจื™ื  (ืขืžืณ 97)

ืขื™ื“ื™ืช ืขื™ื ื‘-ื ื•ื‘:  ืณื•ืื ื›ื™ ืขืคืจ ื•ืืคืจืณ : ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉืช ื”ืืคืกื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื–ืณืื ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื - ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช (ืขืžืณ 173)

ื—ื ื” ืฉืงื•ืœื ื™ืงื•ื‘: ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืš ื ื•ืฆืจื™ : ื”ืžืชืจื’ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืงืกืคื™ืจ ืœืฉืคืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ <ืขืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื“ื•ืืจื“ ื–ืœืงื™ื ืกื•ืŸ> (ืขืžืณ 209)

ืฉื™ ื’ื™ื ื–ื‘ื•ืจื’:  ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืคื” ืœืืจืฅ: ืณื—ื•ื•ื’ืณื” ื ื–ืจืณ ืœืžืฉื” ืกืžื™ืœื ืกืงื™  (ืขืžืณ 221)

ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืงื“: ืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื”: ืขืœ ืณืื•ืจื— ื ื˜ื” ืœืœื•ืŸืณ ืžืืช ืฉืดื™ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 237)

ืจื ื” ืœืคื™ื“ื•ืก:  ืณื™ื‘ื’ื ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื™ื’ื™ืŸืณ ืฉืœ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ ืคื•ืฉืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™  (ืขืžืณ 253)

ื—ื ื ืืœ ืžืืง: ื”ืžืงืจื ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืจื˜ื•ืฉ: ืฉื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืคืจืงื™ ืžืงืจื  (ืขืžืณ 271)

ืžื™ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืœ: ืณืžื ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืชืงื ื™ืืณ : ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืณื•ื‘ื ื™ืง ื•ืขืจืขื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื—ืžืช <ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืก ืขื•ื–>  (ืขืžืณ 285)

ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื: ืณื‘ืขื•ืœืืณ ืฉืœ ื ืชืŸ ื–ืš ืณื’ื ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ืžื›ืจ ื”ื•ื ื–ืจืณ  (ืขืžืณ 309)

ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ื

ื“ื ื” ืื•ืœืžืจื˜: ื”ืฉื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื—ืง  (ืขืžืณ 359)
    ืขืœ: Michael Gluzman. The Politics of Canonicity : Lines of Resistance in Modernist Hebrew Poetry (Stanford : Stanford University Press, 2003

ืชืžืจ ืกืณ ื”ืก: ื•ื“ืขื™ ืžื” ืฉืชืฉื™ื‘ื™ (ืขืžืณ 367)
    ืขืœ: ืื•ืจืœื™ ืœื•ื‘ื™ืŸ. ืืฉื” ืงื•ืจืืช ืืฉื” (ื—ื™ืคื” : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ืคื” ; ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ื–ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉืกืดื’)

ื™ืขืœ ืฉื ืงืจ: ื ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื•ืช : ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืขืžืณ 373)
    ืขืœ: ืžืจื’ืœื™ืช ืฉื™ืœื”. ื”ืงื•ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ : ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืœืžื“ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืชืฉืข-ืขืฉืจื” (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžืจื›ื– ื“ื™ื ื•ืจ, ืชืฉืกืดื“) (ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื - ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื, 94)


ืฉืžืจื™ืช ืคืœื“: ืณืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœ ืฉืขืจื” ืฉืœื’ื“ืจืณ : ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื—ืจ (ืขืžืณ 379)
    ืขืœ: ืžื™ื›ืœ ืคืœื“-ื’ื™ื ื–ื‘ื•ืจื’ ื•ืžืฉื” ืจื•ืŸ. ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืจื™ื : ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ, ื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช
ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื—ืจ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 2004)

ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืณ ื›ื”ืŸ: ืกืคืจื•ืช ื›ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 389)
    ืขืœ: ืžื ื“ืœ ืคื™ื™ืงืื–ืณ: ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, ืชืฉืกืดื’)


ืฉืžืจื™ืช ืคืœื“: ืณื”ืื ืื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืื• ื”ื ืจื“ืฃ?ืณ : ืกืคืจื•ืช ืณื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืฉื•ืื”ืณ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (ืขืžืณ 397)
    ืขืœ: ืื™ืจื™ืก ืžื™ืœื ืจ. ืงืจืขื™ ืขื‘ืจ : ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”, ื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืดืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืฆืžืŸ, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘, ืชืฉืกืดื“)


ืฉืžืจื™ืช ืคืœื“:  ืกืคืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื (ืกืงื™ืจื”) (ืขืžืณ 407)

ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืจืš (ืขืžืณ 415)

ืชืงืฆื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช (ืขืžืณ vii)


ื›ืจืš ื›ื (ืชืฉืกืดื– 2007)
ืืกื•ืคืช ืžืืžืจื™ื ืœื–ื›ืจ ืžื ื—ื ื–ื•ืœืื™ / ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื - ืฉื•ืœืžื™ืช ืืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“, ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ ; ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช - ืฉืžืจื™ืช ืคืœื“.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:

  • ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื (ืขืžืณ 1)
  • ืขื“ื” ื™ืจื“ื ื™: ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื–ื›ืจ ืื‘ื (ืขืžืณ 3)
  • ืฉื•ืœืžื™ืช ืืœื™ืฆื•ืจ: ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ืœืื•ืจ ืฆื•ื•ืืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื—ื ื–ื•ืœืื™ (ืขืžืณ 9โ€“18)
  • ืื•ืคื™ืจ ืžื™ื ืฅ-ืžื ื•ืจ: ื”ืฉืคืขืช ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื”ืงื“ื•ื (ืขืžืณ 19โ€“38)
  • ืžื™ื›ืืœ ืจืื ื“: ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื–ื” ื”ืงื™ืœื™ืจื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 39โ€“45)
  • ืขื“ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ: ืœืฉืืœืช ืชืคื•ืฆืช ืงื“ื•ืฉืชืื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจืณ ืฉืœืžื” ืกื•ืœื™ืžืŸ ืืœืกื ื’ืณืืจื™ ื•ืœืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ ืคื™ื™ื˜ื ื•ืชื• (ืขืžืณ 47โ€“89)
  • ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™: ืžื“ืจืฉื™ ื—ื–ืดืœ ื‘ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ ืจื‘ ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื’ืื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืžืงืจื (ืขืžืณ 91โ€“131)
  • ืขื–ืจื ืคืœื™ื™ืฉืจ ื–ืดืœ:  ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืื‘ืŸ ืื‘ื™ืชื•ืจ: ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื ืœื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ืฉืข (ืขืžืณ 133โ€“170)
  • ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืืจื™: ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื”: ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื–ื”ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืคื™ื™ื˜ื ื™ื ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืื—ืช ืขืฉืจื” (ืขืžืณ 171โ€“182)
  • ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื’ืจื ื˜: ืณืฉื™ืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”ืณ ื‘ืคืืชื™ ืžืกื•ืจื” ื•ืงื‘ืœื”: ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืคืชื™ื—ืช ืžืฉืœื™ ืกืขื™ื“ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืฉืืจ ื•ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ ืžืกื™ืจืชื” (ืขืžืณ 183โ€“220)
  •  ืขื™ื“ื™ืช ืขื™ื ืช-ื ื•ื‘: ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ ื•ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืืœ ื‘ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ ืชื”ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืกื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื“ (ืขืžืณ 221โ€“264)
  • ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืจ-ืชืงื•ื”: ื–ืขืงืช ื™ื•ื›ื‘ื“ : ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืื ื‘ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ืžืฉื” (ืขืžืณ 265โ€“302)
  • ืขืžื™ื ื“ื‘ ื“ื™ืงืžืŸ: ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ ืชื”ืœื™ื ืžืคื•ื™ื˜ื™ื: ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชืช-ืกื•ื’ื” ื–ื ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืœืคื ื™ื” (ืขืžืณ 303โ€“320)
  • ืฉืžืจื™ืช ืคืœื“:  ืกืคืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื (ืกืงื™ืจื”) (ืขืžืณ 321)
  • ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืจืš (ืขืžืณ 335)
  • ืชืงืฆื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช (ืขืžืณ vii)

ื›ืจืš ื›ื‘ (ืชืฉืกืดื— 2008)
ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืžืจื“ / ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื - ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“, ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ ; ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช - ืฉืžืจื™ืช ืคืœื“.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:

ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืžืจื“ ืžืกืขื•ืช ื•ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ื
  • ืžื™ืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ืจื’: ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ืจื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื” ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื”: ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืžืกืข ืืœ ื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” <ื”ืžืืžืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžืกืข ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื ื™ ืœืฉื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืืฆืœ ื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ื. ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืดื–ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฆื™ืฆื™ืชืด, ื•ื”ืื—ืจ - ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืืœืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื“ื™ื>  (ืขืžืณ 191)

  • ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจื•ื•ืกืจ: ืžืกืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจ ื—ื ื” <ื”ืžืืžืจ ื“ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจ ื—ื ื”, ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื, ื•ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื”ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืžืกืจ ื•ืžื’ืžื”> (ืขืžโ€™ 215)

  • ื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: ื”ื‘ืขืœ, ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื•ื”ื—ื›ื: ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคื” ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœื™, ื ื“ืจื™ื ืกื• ืขืดื‘ (ืขืžโ€™ 243)

  • ืฉืžืจื™ืช ืคืœื“: ืกื•ืก ื”ื ื“ื ื“ื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™โ€”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืณืœื’ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ืจื•ื—ืณ ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื‘ืณืกื•ืกืขืฅืณ ืœืงื ื™ื•ืง (ืขืžโ€™ 263)

ืžืืžืจื™ื
  • ืžืฉื” ืคืœืื™: ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจืช: ืžื”ื•ืงืจื” ื•ื”ื›ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” (ืขืžโ€™ 307โ€“342)

  • ื“ืจื•ืจ ืื™ื“ืจ: ืณืœืฉืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ืœืชื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”ืณ: ืขืœ ืณืคืจืงื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ืืณ, ืžื—ื–ื” ืžืฉื›ื™ืœื™ ื ืฉื›ื— ืžืืช ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืคื•ืคืจ (ืขืžโ€™ 343)

  • ื™ืขืœ ืจืฉืฃ ื•ื ืคืชืœื™ ื•ื’ื ืจ: ืณืœื™ื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืงืœืณ: ืžื”ื˜ืขืžื” ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ืช ืœื”ื˜ืขืžื” ื“ืงื“ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง ื”ืžื•ืœื—ื ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื (ืขืžโ€™371)

  • ืจื•ืžืŸ ื›ืฆืžืŸ: ืžื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช: ืชื™ื”ืœื•ืš ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ืกืžื™ื•ื–ื™ืก ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืงืจื™ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ: ืณืื—ื•ืชืณ ื•ืณืžืขื’ืœื™ ืฆื“ืงืณ ืžืืช ืฉืดื™ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ (ืขืžโ€™ 407)

  • ื—ื ื ืืœ ืžืืง: ืžื ื•ื—ื”: ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืณืžื ื•ื—ื”ืณ ืœืฉืดื™ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื• (ืขืžโ€™ 437)

  • ืืจื™ืืœ ืกื™ืžืงื™ืŸ: ืคืจื ืฆืณืกืงื•ืก ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืฉืื˜ืฉื™: ื”ืขืจื” ืขืœ ืณื‘ื™ืขืจ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืจืณ ืœืฉืดื™ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ (ืขืžโ€™ 447)

  • ืขืžื™ืช ืขืกื™ืก: ืณื–ื” ืฉื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ืณ: ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื‘ืคืกืงื” ื‘ืณื™ืžื™ ืฆืงืœื’ืณ ืœืกืณ ื™ื–ื”ืจ (ืขืžโ€™ 457)

  • ืฉื—ืจ ื‘ืจื: ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™, ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช: ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืืงืคืจืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืณืคืกืœ ื•ืžืกื›ื”ืณ ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื” ืจื™ื‘ื ืจ (ืขืžโ€™ 487)

  • ื ื˜ืฉื” ื’ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืกืงื™: ืณืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™ ืžื•ื ื—ืช ืื‘ืŸ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื” ืดืืžืŸืด ืณ:ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืณืคืชื•ื— ืกื’ื•ืจ ืคืชื•ื—ืณ <ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื™ื—ื™> (ืขืžโ€™ 523)

  • ื ื ืกื™ ืขื–ืจ: ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื— ื”ืคื’ื ื™: ืณื•ืขื ืจื•ื—ื™ ื’ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ืณ ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ืœืื•ืจ ื›ืกื˜ื™ืจื” ืคื•ืกื˜-ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช (ืขืžโ€™ 533)

ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ื
  • ืขื ืช ืฉืคื™ืจื: ืžื“ืจืฉ ื•ื—ืงืจ ื”ืคื•ืœืงืœื•ืจ  (ืขืžืณ 551)
        ืขืœ: ื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ืžืจื”, ืžื’ื™ื”, ืžื™ืชื•ืก: ืคืจืงื™ ื“ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืœืื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขืžืžื™ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื: ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื™ื ืขืดืฉ ื™ืดืœ ืžืื’ื ืก, ืชืฉืกืดื”) 323 ืขืžืณ. 

  • ื“ื•ื“ ืจื•ื˜ืžืŸ: ืณืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืกื’ื™ืจื•ืชืณ (ืขืžืณ 561)
        ืขืœ: ืขื ืช ืฉืคื™ืจื. ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช: ื˜ืงืกื˜, ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ (ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, 70) (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื: ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, ืชืฉืกืดื”) 248 ืขืžืณ.

  • ืจื•ืขื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื•ื•ืœื“: ืœืงื˜ ืฉื›ื—ื”   (ืขืžืณ 569)
        ืขืœ: ื™ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจ. ืณืžื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื›ื•ื—ืณ: ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื: ื™ื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ืฆื‘ื™, 2005) 199 ืขืžืณ.

  • ืืจื™ืืœ ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ: ืฉืืœื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื  (ืขืžืณ 577)
        ืขืœ: ื™ื’ืืœ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ. ืžื” ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืžื›ืืŸ: ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” (ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”: ื›ื ืจืช, ื–ืžื•ืจื”-ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ื“ื‘ื™ืจ, ืชืฉืกืดื”). 460 ืขืžืณ. 

  • ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ: ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืจื‘-ืงื•ืœื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 583)
        ืขืœ: ื“ืŸ ืžื™ืจื•ืŸ. ื”ืจืคื™ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื ื’ื™ืขื”: ืœืงืจืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืขืœ ืกืคืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื (ืคืจื•ื–ื” ืื—ืจืช/ืžืกื•ืช) (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืกืดื”). 171 ืขืžืณ.

  • ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ: ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื›ื•ืก ืœื—ืชืจื ื•ืช  (ืขืžืณ 589)
        ืขืœ: ื“ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉืขื ื™. ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื” ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“: ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื  (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืกืดื•). 204 ืขืžืณ.

ืฉืžืจื™ืช ืคืœื“: ืกืคืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื (ืกืงื™ืจื”) (ืขืžืณ 593)
ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื (ืขืžืณ 597)
ืชืงืฆื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช (ืขืžืณ ix)

ื›ืจืš ื›ื’ (ืชืฉืดืข 2009)  / ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื - ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“, ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:

  • ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ืคื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ืš: ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื - ืขืœ ืื’ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจื” ื”ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื™ื•ืžื (ืขืžืณ 1โ€“14)
        ื”ืžืืžืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืื’ื“ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื™ื•ืžื ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืขื ื™ ื•ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ืจืฉืข ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ื™ืŸ. ื”ืžืืžืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื›ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื•ืืช ืฉืืœืช ื”ืงืฉืจื” ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืจื—ื‘. ื”ืื’ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฆืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื’ื“ื™ื”ื ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœืžืขืžื“ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™.

  • ื—ื‘ืจื•ื ื™, ืขื™ื“ื•: ืณื’ื™ืจื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื“ืฉื˜ืŸืณ: ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ-ืคื•ืœืžื•ืก ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ (ืขืžืณ 15โ€“51)
        ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืื•ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื›ื ืข ืœืกื“ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื”ื›ืชื™ื‘. ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืข. ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืื•ืก ืฉืžืื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืžืชื’ืœื ื‘ืžืื‘ืงื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ืŸ ืื• ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ื• ื”ืกืžืœื™ื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื - ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ, ืฉื“ื™ื ื•ืžืคืœืฆื•ืช. ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื ืฆื— ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื ื™ ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœื—ื•ืงืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืœื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืจื•ืข. ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืฆื™ื’ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ (ื—ื›ื ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™) ืœืฉื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข ื”ืžื ืฆื— ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ. ืœืกืคื•ืจ ื ื™ืชื ื• ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื™ืข ืœืงืจื•ื ืื•ืชื• ืงืจื™ืื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื›ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื• ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ (ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืืžืจ).
     
  • ืขืžื™ืช ืขืกื™ืก: ืฉื ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื, ื›ืชืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ: ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ืงืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžื•ืข ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ (ืขืžืณ 53โ€“75)
        ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื - ื”ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื”ืื—ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ - ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื™ื” ืกืžื›ื•ืชื™ืช, ื•ืฉื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ืฉืืœืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืœื•ื— ื”ืฉื ื” ืžืžืœืืช ื‘ื”ื ืชืคืงื™ื“. ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืœื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื™ื” ืกืžื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’, ื•ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคืขืœืชื”. ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฆื“ืงืช ื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื™ื” ื”ื ืงื•ื˜ื” ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืชื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื” ื•ื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืžื ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืžื’ืžื” ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช ืœื–ื• ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื–ืดืœ, ืžื’ืžื” ืฉื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจ ืžื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื–ืดืœ. ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืœื•ื— ืœื ื™ืชืžืฆื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื ื›ืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืจื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขืœืชื”. ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ืœื”ื›ืคื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืŸ. ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉืชืืจื™ืš ืžืกืžืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื• ื•ืืช ืณืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ืืณ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื”, ืžืงื•ืคืœื•ืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืกืžื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืกืžื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืœืงื•ื—ื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื•ื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื” ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืื• ื˜ืขื ื” ืกื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืื—ืจ, ืืœื ื˜ืขื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืžื‘ื ื” ืขื•ืžืง ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ืงืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืงืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื— ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ (ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืืžืจ)
     
  • ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื•ืœืคื™ืฉ: ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื•ืžืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“: ื”ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืคืฉืจ (ืขืžืณ 77โ€“98)
        ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ื•ืžืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืกื•ื›ื” ื‘, ื˜, ืขืœ ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช.
     
  • ืื™ืจื™ืก ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ (ื”ื•ื™ื–ืžืŸ): ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื’ืœื’ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืณืžืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืชืณ (ืขืžืณ 99โ€“132)
        ื”ืžืืžืจ ื“ืŸ ื‘ืดืžืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืชืด ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœื‘ืขืฉืดื˜, ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™, ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื’ื™ื-ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื.
     
  • ื—ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืฆืžื™ืจ: ืœื™ืœื™ืช, ื—ื•ื” ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืชืืคืง: ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืœื™ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื• (ืขืžืณ 133โ€“182)
        ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช-ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืชืฉืข-ืขืฉืจื” ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ืช, ืฉื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื“ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื”ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื”. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ืœื‘ืœื™ ื”ืคืจื“ ื‘ืชืฉื•ืงื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื” ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืืฉื” ืืœื ืœื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื•ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืื ื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ื•ืžื›ื•ื ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•: ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื˜ื‘ืข, ืœืขื•ืœื, ืœื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœืžืจื—ื‘, ืœืขื‘ืจ ื•ืœืขืชื™ื“. ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืžื•ืชื—ืช ืงื• ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื™ ืœื™ืœื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืœืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœื ืฉื™ื, ื•ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืœื™ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื”. ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”, ืืš ืœืฆื™ื“ื” ื’ื ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
     
  • ืจืคื™ ืฆื™ืจืงื™ืŸ-ืกื“ืŸ: ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื ืจ ื•ืชืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืืœื™ื–ื ื”ืจื•ืกื™ (ืขืžืณ 183โ€“214)
        ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ื”ื‘ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืดื— ื‘ืจื ืจ ื•ื”ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ืฉื—ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืงืคื” ื”ืืกืชื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืงืคืช ืืฆืœ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื ืกืงื™ ื•ืงืจื‘ืชื• ืœืชืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืืœื™ื–ื ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
     
  • ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ืืจ: ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืงืจืื™ ื”ืกืžื•ื™ ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 215โ€“254)
        ื”ืžืืžืจ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื‘ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืงืจืื™ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื— ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–ืดืœ, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชื•ืจื’ืžื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืงื•ืช ื“ื•ืจื• ืœืฉืคืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช.
     
  • ืฉื™ืจืœื™ ืกืœืข-ืœื‘ื‘ื™: ืณื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื’ื ื•ื‘ืณ ืฉืœ ืชืจืฆื” - ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืณื‘ื“ืžื™ ื™ืžื™ื”ืณ ืฉืœ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 255โ€“272)
        ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืขื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืกืคื•ืจ ืดื‘ื“ืžื™ ื™ืžื™ื”ืด ืœืขื’ื ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ืจืกืชื” ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื“ื™ืื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ืจืกืชื” ื”ืœืงืื ื™ืื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื–ืณืง ืœืงืืŸ ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื: ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื•ื—ื–ืจื”, ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชืจืฆื”.
     
  • ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ: ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืณื”ืฉื‘ื•ื™ืณ ืžืืช ืกืณ ื™ื–ื”ืจ (ืขืžืณ 273โ€“278)
     
  • ื ืขืžื” ืฆืืœ: ื›ื ื™ืกื”, ื”ื™ืžืœื˜ื•ืช, ื•ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกืฃ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืณื›ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉืงื˜ืณ ืœื™ื•ืกืœ ื‘ื™ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: ื”ืฆืขืช ืงืจื™ืื” (ืขืžืณ 279โ€“286)
        ื”ืžืืžืจ ื“ืŸ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืดื›ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉืงื˜ืด, ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืคืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืœ ื‘ื™ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืžืชืืจืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืฉื•ืง ืืš ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ื’ื ืกื•ื’ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื˜ื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื”ื•ืช. ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ืžืกืžื ืช ื’ื ืืช ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืืœ ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ. ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืฉื•ืืœืช ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื”ืœื›ื• ื–ื” ื›ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคืจ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ืœืกื•ืคืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ืœืื•ื, ืื• ืฉืžื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ?
     
  • ืื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ืœื ื“ืจ: ื‘ืœื•ื– ืขืœ ืจืฆืคืช ื”ืžืฉื—ื˜ื”: ืขืœ ืืคื•ืก ื•ืงื™ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ืจื•ื ื™ ืกื•ืžืง (ืขืžืณ 287โ€“303)
        ื”ืžืืžืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื•ื ื™ ืกื•ืžืง ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช ืขื ืคืืชื•ืก ื•ืงื™ื˜ืฉ. ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื’ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื›ืš: ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืคืงื˜ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงื•ืœืื–ืณ ืฉื™ืจื™, ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื’ื™ืจื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™. ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื” ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ืคืฉืจ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ืืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ืกื•ืžืง ื•ืืช ืื•ืคื ื™ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืืคื•ืก ืฉืœื”.

    ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ื

  • ื ื—ื ืื™ืœืŸ:  ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืŸ   (ืขืžืณ 305โ€“310)
            ืขืœ: ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืจืฆื”ื‘ื™. ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืจืžืช-ื’ืŸ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ, ืชืฉืกืดื–)
     
  • ืชืžืจ ืกืณ ื”ืก:  ืงืจื•ืขืช ืœื‘ ืืš ื ื•ืฉืžืช  (ืขืžืณ 311โ€“319)
            ืขืœ: ื™ื’ืืœ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ. ื”ื™ื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ืคื•ืจื—: ื”ื ื“ืกืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” (ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ื“ื‘ื™ืจ, 2007)
     
  • ืฉืžืจื™ืช ืคืœื“: ื ื™ื›ื•ืก, ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื•ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 321โ€“328)
            ืขืœ: ื‘ืชื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™. ืขืœ ืกืฃ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” - ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื”: ื“ื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื ื™ (ืžืกื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช: ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช) (ืื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข : ื“ื‘ื™ืจ ื•ืณื”ืงืฉืจื™ืืณ: ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืŸ-ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื’ื‘, 2008)
     
  • ืื‘ื™ื“ื‘ ืœื™ืคืกืงืจ. ืคื ื•ืžื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 329โ€“334)
            ืขืœ: ื—ื ื” ืกื•ืงืจ-ืฉื•ื•ื’ืจ. ืžื›ืฉืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื: ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉื‘ืชืื™ ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช (ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, 35) (ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง ื•ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืกืžื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ืขืดืฉ ืคื•ืจื˜ืจ, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘, ืชืฉืกืดื–)

    ื ืขืžื” ืฆืืœ: ืกืคืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื (ืกืงื™ืจื”) (ืขืžืณ 335)

    ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื  (ืขืžืณ 341)

    ืชืงืฆื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช (vii)


ื›ืจืš ื›ื“ (ืชืฉืขืดื 2011) / ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื - ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“, ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:


ื›ืจืš ื›ื” (ืชืฉืขืดื’ 2013)
ืžืจืงืžื™ื
: ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืคื•ืœืงืœื•ืจ - ืœื’ืœื™ืช ื—ื–ืŸ-ืจื•ืงื / ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื’ืจ ืกืœืžื•ืŸ ื•ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื ืืŸ
ืคื•ืจืกื ื’ื ื›ื›ืจืš ื›ืดื— ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืœืงืœื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:

    ื›ืจืš ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
  • ื”ื’ืจ ืกืœืžื•ืŸ ื•ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ืฉื ืืŸ:  ืคืชื— ื“ื‘ืจ  (ืขืžืณ 1โ€“3)
  • ื’ืœื™ืช ื—ื–ืŸ-ืจื•ืงื: ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ืฆื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื ื ื‘ื—ืจื”? ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ืงืจ ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช (ืขืžืณ 4โ€“10)
  • ืœื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ืœื™ื ืงื•-ืฆื‘ืข: ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ืช ื—ื–ืŸ-ืจื•ืงืืณ (ืขืžืณ 11โ€“28)
  • ื ืขืžื” ื•ืืจื™ืืœ ืจื•ืงื: ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™: ืžื‘ื˜ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ืช ื—ื–ืŸ-ืจื•ืงื (ืขืžืณ 29โ€“31)
     
  • ื™ืื™ืจ ื–ืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ: ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืณืžื™ ื–ืืชืณ ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืขืžืณ 33โ€“40)
  • ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื‘ื•ื™ืืจื™ืŸ: ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ, ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื•ื”ืกื˜ื™ืจื” ื”ืžื ื™ืคืื™ืช (ืขืžืณ 41โ€“61)
  • ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ: ืžืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” ืœืคืจืงืกื™ืก: ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ื–ืดืœ  (ืขืžืณ 63โ€“86)
  • ื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ: ื ื—, ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•, ืŸื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช: ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ, ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขืžืžื™ืช, ื•ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืงืจืื™ (ืื• ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจืœื™ื–ื)ึผ (ืขืžืณ 87โ€“105)
  • ืขื•ื“ื“ ืขื™ืจ-ืฉื™: ืณื”ืจืขืฉ ื‘ื‘ืงืขืช ืืจื‘ืœืณ: ืขืœ ืžืกื•ืจืช ืืคื•ืงืœื™ืคื˜ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื’ืœื™ืœื™ืช ืžืฉืœื”ื™ ื”ืขืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืœื™ื˜ื•ืจื’ื™ื™ื (ืขืžืณ 107โ€“132)
  • ืขื ืช ืฉืคื™ืจื: ื”ืžืฉืœ ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™-ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืณืกื“ืจ ืืœื™ื”ื•ืณ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืฉื ื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื—ื–ืดืœ  (ืขืžืณ 133โ€“151)
  • ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื’ืจื ื˜: ืณืืœ ืงื•ืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื ืขืจื”ืณ: ืขืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื“  (ืขืžืณ 153โ€“168) 
  • ืฉื•ืœืžื™ืช ืืœื™ืฆื•ืจ: ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื›ืฆื•ืคืŸ: ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืกืคืจื“  (ืขืžืณ 169โ€“185) 
  • ืื•ืคื™ืจ ืžื™ื ืฅ-ืžื ื•ืจ: ืณื•ืขื ืจื•ื—ื™ ื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื™ืณ: ืฉื™ืจื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ (ืขืžืณ 187โ€“209)
  • ืชืžืจ ืืœื›ืกื ื“ืจ: ื”ืžื›ืฉืฃ ื‘ืœืขื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžืขื ืœื•ืขื– (ืขืžืณ 211โ€“224)
  • ืœื•ืื™ืก ืœื ื“ื: ื”ืคืชื’ื ื”ืคืœื‘ืื™ ื•ื”ืœืžื“ื ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืณื“ื•ืŸ ืงื™ื—ื•ื˜ื”ืณ ืœืžื™ื’ืœ ื“ื” ืกืจื•ื•ื ื˜ืก (ืขืžืณ 225โ€“235)
  • ืžื™ื›ืœ ื”ืœื“: ืณืœืœื›ืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืื ื™, ืืžืืณ: ืชืคื™ืกืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ืขืžืžื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืกืคืจื“ื™ ื›ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืชื•ืก ื•ืคืจืงืกื™ืก, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืคื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ื (ืขืžืณ 237โ€“265)
  • ืื“ื•ื™ืŸ ืกืจื•ืกื™: ื™ื•ืคื™ ื ืฉื™ ื‘ืœ ื™ืชื•ืืจ: ืฉื™ืจื™ ื•ืฆืฃ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื-ืกืคืจื“ื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื (ืขืžืณ 267โ€“295)
  • ื“ืŸ ื‘ืŸ-ืขืžื•ืก: ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืคืชื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื“ื™ (ืขืžืณ 297โ€“303)
  • ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ-ืคื™ื ืฆืณื•ื‘ืจ: ืžื“ืจืฉ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ื’ืจืกืช (ืคืœื™ืงืก) ืžื ื“ืœืกื•ืŸ  (ืขืžืณ 305โ€“321)
  • ืฉื•ืœืžื™ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœื™: ืคืจื•ื™ื“ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื ื•ื“ื“ (ืขืžืณ 323โ€“341)
  • ื™ืจื—ืžื™ืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืžืจื™ื ืจื™ื™ื ืจ: ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื ื•ื“ื“ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉื ื‘ืจื’ (ืขืžืณ 343โ€“377)


  • ื›ืจืš ืฉื ื™
  • ืฉืœื•ื ืฆื‘ืจ: ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ื ืดื” - ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืฉืœื”ื™ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืชืฉืข ืขืฉืจื” (ืขืžืณ 383โ€“413)
  • ื›ืจืžืœื” ืื‘ื“ืจ: ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื—ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ืจื“ืืข ืฉื‘ืชื™ืžืŸ: ืžืคื’ืฉ ื ืฉื™-ื’ื‘ืจื™ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™-ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื’ื“ ืžื’ื™  (ืขืžืณ 415โ€“459)
  • ืืกืชืจ ื™ื•ื”ืก: ื ื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืžืื–ืžื™ืจ - ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื (ืขืžืณ 461โ€“483)
  • ืขืœื™ ื™ืกื™ืฃ: ื—ืงืจ ื”ืคื•ืœืงืœื•ืจ ื•ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” (ืขืžืณ 485โ€“501)
  • ื—ื‘ืฆืœืช (ื–ืœืง) ืœื•ืจื‘ืจื‘ื•ื™ื: ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืคืชื’ื - ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืคืชื’ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขื’ื ื•ื ื™ (ืขืžืณ 503โ€“515)
  • ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืก: ืืจื‘ืขื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ืจื ื•: ื™ื—ืกื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœืฉืดื™ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ (ืขืžืณ  517โ€“530)
  • ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“: ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื•ืชื”ื•ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื™ื” - ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ-ืขื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืดื™ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ (ืขืžืณ 531โ€“549)
  • ืื™ืœื ื” ืคืจื“ืก: ื”ืืชื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงืจืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ : ืณืขื™ื“ื• ื•ืขื™ื ืืณ ื•ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืื•ืœื˜ื™ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ (ืขืžืณ  551โ€“569)
  • ืขืœื™ื–ื” ืฉื ื”ืจ: ืฉืดื™ ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ ืณื”ืื“ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื›ืœืณ: ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช  (ืขืžืณ 571โ€“581)
  • ืชืžืจ ืกืณ ื”ืก: ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื” : ืœืื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื ืคื’ืฉืช ืขื ื‘ืจื ืจ (ืขืžืณ  583โ€“600)
  • ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ: ืณืฉื•ื ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืœื ืคื•ืชืจ ื›ืœื•ืืณ : ืขืœ ืณื—ืจื‘ืช-ื—ื–ืขื”ืณ ืžืืช ืก. ื™ื–ื”ืจ (ืขืžืณ 601โ€“614)
  • ื ื™ืœื™ ืืจื™ื”-ืกืคื™ืจ: ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ืงื™ืŸ - ืงืจื ื‘ืœ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื (ืขืžืณ 615โ€“630)
  • ืื™ืœื ื” ืจื•ื–ืŸ: ื ื™ื™ื“ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืืŸ ืขืฆื” (ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ืขืฆื”) : ืงืจื™ืื” ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื  ื•ื‘ืคืชื’ืžื™ื ื•ืืžื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ื˜ืจื ืกื™ืœื‘ื ื™ื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ืžื ื™ื” ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช  (ืขืžืณ 631โ€“649)
  • ื™ื•ืจื ื‘ื™ืœื•: ืณืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื ื—ื ืžืขื ื“ืœื™ืืณ : ืขืงืจื•ืช, ื”ื•ืœื“ื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืดื“ ื”ืžืฉื™ื—ื™ืช  (ืขืžืณ  651โ€“677)
  • ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืจ-ื™ืฆื—ืง: ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืืช ืžื™ืชื•ืก ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” - ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžืกืจ ื”ื’ืžื•ื ื™ ื•ื—ืชืจื ื™  (ืขืžืณ  679โ€“690)
  • ื”ื’ืจ ืกืœืžื•ืŸ: ืจืงืžื•ืช ืณื’ื•ื‘ืœืŸืณ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ : ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ืช ืณื—ืคืฅ ืžืขื‘ืจืณ ื‘ื—ืงืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช  (ืขืžืณ  691โ€“714)
  • ืขืืžืจ ื“ื”ืืžืฉื”: ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืคื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช : ืฉืžื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ ืขืจื‘ื™ื - ืงืจื™ืื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ืช  (ืขืžืณ  715โ€“735)
  • ื ื™ื ื” ืคื™ื ื˜ื• ืื‘ืงืกื™ืก ื•ื”ืื ื™ ืžื•ืกื: ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช  (ืขืžืณ  737โ€“753)
  • ื™ืขืœ ื–ืจื•ื‘ื‘ืœ: ื”ืณืชื ืดืš ืขื›ืฉื™ื•ืณ : ืขื›ืฉื•ื•, ืกื˜ื™ืจื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื•ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ <ืขืœ ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืฉืœื•> (ืขืžืณ  755โ€“773)
  • ื“ื•ื“ ืฉื•ืœืžืŸ: ื‘ืช ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื‘ืŸ : ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืžื“ืจื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื•  (ืขืžืณ 775โ€“787)
  • ืคืจื“ื™ ืจื•ืงื: ืณืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืกืข ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ืจื‘ื”ืณ  <ืขืœ ื•ืœื˜ืจ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื—ื ื•ืš ืœื•ื™ืŸ> (ืขืžืณ  789โ€“795)

ื›ืจืš ื›ื• (ืชืฉืขืดื’ 2013)  / ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื - ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“, ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ ; ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช - ืืจื™ืืœ ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:






ื›ืจืš ื›ื– (ืชืฉืขืดื” 2014) * / ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื - ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“, ื—ื ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ ; ืจื›ื–ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช - ื“ืคื ื” ืจื™ื™ื›ืžืŸ.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:







ื›ืจืš ื›ื— (ืชืฉืขืดื• 2016) * / ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื - ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“, ืชืžืจ ืกืณ ื”ืก, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืœื•ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ ; ืจื›ื–ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช - ื“ืคื ื” ืจื™ื™ื›ืžืŸ.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:





ื›ืจืš ื›ื˜ (ืชืฉืขืดื– 2017)  / ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื - ืืจื™ืืœ ื”ื™ืจืฉืคืœื“, ืชืžืจ ืกืณ ื”ืก ; ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช - ืืœื™ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืฆืงื™.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื:


ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 17 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2018

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ