ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื—ื‘ืจ ืกืคืจื ื™ื
  

ื‘ืขื– ืขืจืคืœื™ (1936ึพ2010)

 <ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Boaz Arpaly

ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื– ืขืจืคืœื™, ืžื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ื˜ืฉืจื ื™ื—ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ืืœืชืจืžืŸ, ืขื’ื ื•ืŸ ืขืžื™ื—ื™ ื•ื‘ืจื ืจ, ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื™"ื“ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืจืฆ"ื•, 9 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1936 ื‘ื‘ืืจ-ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื”. ื’ื“ืœ ื•ื”ืชื—ื ืš ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืืฉื“ื•ืช-ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื• ืขื“ 1973. ืœืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ "ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืจื—" ืฉื‘ืขืžืง ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1954ึพ1957 ืฉื™ืจืช ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ืกื’ืŸ. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1963ึพ1967 ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ "ื‘ื™ืช-ื™ืจื—". ืœืžื“ ืœืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1963 ื‘ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ืชืจื” (ืขื‘ืจื™ืช) ื•ื‘ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช (ืžืงืจื). ื‘ืฉื ืช 1965 ืกื™ื™ื ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืขืจืคืœื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืชื•ืืจ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืžื˜ืขื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ (1977).  ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1971ึพ2001 ืœื™ืžื“ ื‘ืžื›ืœืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืจืœ ื•ืžื™ืœื ื‘ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.  ื‘-1971 ื”ื—ืœ ื’ื ืœืœืžื“ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ืช ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจ (1994) ื•ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ (2000).  ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005 ืคืจืฉ ืขืจืคืœื™ ืœื’ืžืœืื•ืช.  ืขืจืคืœื™ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื›"ื’ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉ"ืข, 5 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2010.
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช: ื’ืจื ื•ืชยฒ, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”]

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

ืขืจื™ื›ื”:

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:

ืขืœ "ืขื‘ื•ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืš"
ืขืœ "ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ื•ื”ืื’ืจื˜ืœ"
  • ืžื’"ืœ.  ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ืขืžื™ื—ื™.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืืžื ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื›"ื˜ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืž"ื–, 30 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1987, ืขืž' 27.
  • ืงื“ืžื™, ืื™ืœื ื”. ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ืขืžื™ื—ื™. ืขืชื•ืŸ 77: ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ื’ืœ' 90 (1987), ืขืž' 13ึพ14.
ืขืœ "ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™"
  • ื‘ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ื™ื•ืจื. ืขื•ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ื’ืžืจ.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ื™"ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉื "ื’, 5 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1993, ืขืž' ื‘ 24.
  • ื”ื•ืœืฆืžืŸ, ืื‘ื ืจ.  ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงืกื ื”ื‘ืจื ืจื™.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”' ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉื "ื‘, 2 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1992, ืขืž' ื‘ 9.
  • ืคืจืœืกื•ืŸ, ืขื ื‘ืœ.  ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ืืš ืœื ื”ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืกืชื™ืจื•ืช.  ื“ื‘ืจ, ืœ' ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉื "ื“, 11 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1994, ืขืž' 26
  • ืงื“ืžื™, ื™ื—ื™ืืœ. ื”ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ืžื”. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ, ื›"ื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉื "ื‘, 26 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1992, ืขืž' 18
ืขืœ "ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื"
  • ื–ื‘ื”-ืืœืจืŸ, ืฆืคื™.  ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœ'    (ื–' ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉ"ืข, 21 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2010), ืขืž' 12.
ืขืœ "ืฉืื•ืœ ื˜ืฉืจื ื™ื—ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ : ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื•ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช" ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื‘ืขื– ืขืจืคืœื™
  • ื‘ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ื™ื•ืจื. ื˜ืฉืจื ื™ื—ื•ื‘ืกืงื™: ืžื ืฆื— ื’ื ื‘ืชื‘ื•ืกืชื•. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, 3 ื‘ืžืื™ 1995, ืขืž' 13.
  • ืœื ื“ืจืก, ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ื ืฉื›ื—. ื“ื‘ืจ, ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื–' ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉื "ื”, 7 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1995, ืข' 10ึพ11, 28.
ืขืœ "ืชื•ื ื•ืชื”ื•ื"
  • ื“ื™ืงืžืŸ, ืขืžื™ื ื“ื‘.  ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืžืชืจื’ื ื’ืื•ืŸ.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœ' 328 (ื›"ื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉื "ื˜, 9 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1999), ืขืž' 28.
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 8 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2017

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ
ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
ืขื•ืจืš ืื—ืจืื™: ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื’ืœืจื•ืŸึพื’ื•ืœื“ืฉืœื’ืจ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ