ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ (1900ึพ1973)

 <ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Ezra Zussman

ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืื•ื“ืกื” ืฉื‘ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”. ืขืœื” ืืจืฆื” ื‘-1922 ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ืžืžืืกืจ ื‘ื‘ืกืจื‘ื™ื”. ืืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื•, ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืคืจื•ื–ื”, ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืขืจืš ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคืจื™ ืขื˜ื• ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ื˜ืจื ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ืืจืฆื”.  ืขื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืจืฆื” , ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืดื“ื‘ืจืด, ื•ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื•. ื”ืชื‘ืœื˜ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ืฉืœื™ื•ื• ืืช ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื. ืžืขื˜ ืžืฉื™ืจื™ื• ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื•, ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืดื˜ื‘ืจื™ื” ื‘ื’ืฉืืด, ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ ื ื•ื“ืข ื’ื ื›ืžืชืจื’ื: ื‘-1943 ืชื™ืจื’ื ืืช ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืœื˜ืจ ืดืงืื ื“ื™ื“ืด (ื›ื ืจืื” ืžืชืจื’ื•ื ืจื•ืกื™) ื•ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื ืžืฉื™ืจืช ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื™ืฆืื• ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื. ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืฉืœื•, ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื ื—ืœืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ื“ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืช-ื•ืขื“ ืœืื ืฉื™ ืจื•ื—, ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื.
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช: ืงืจืกืœ, ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, ื’ืจื ื•ืช]

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ืจืฉื•ืžื™ ืงื™ื ื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืกื“ื”, ืชืฉื›ืดื‘) <ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžืืช ื ืคืชืœื™ ื‘ื–ื>
  • ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉื›ืดื— 1968)
  • ืขืฆื™ ืชืžื™ื“ (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” ; ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืœืดื‘ 1972)
  • ืงืฉืช ื ื™ืกืŸ : ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืกื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, ืชืฉืœืดื” 1975)
  • ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 1976)
  • ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉื˜ื‘ืขื• ื‘ื—ื•ืœ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืืœื™ื”, 1981) <ืœืงื˜ ืฉื™ืจื™ื>
  • ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” : ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืžืดื 1981) <ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื - ืื‘ื ืคื ื™ื›ืœ>
  • ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•, ืชืฉืžืดื“ 1984) <ืœื™ืงื˜ ื”ืงื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื™>
  • ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื•ืคืจื™ื“ื” (ื ื—ืœืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ืืœื™ื”, ืชืฉืžืดื– 1987)
  • ื—ืฆื•ืช ื•ื ืฆื— : ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื : 1922ึพ1973 (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืงืฉื‘ ืœืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืœืžืกื”, ืชืฉื ืดื— 1998)

ืชืจื’ื•ื:

  • ืงืื ื“ื™ื“, ืื•, ืกืคืจ ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช / ื•ื•ืœื˜ืจ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืช, ืชืฉืดื’ 1943)
  • ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื / ื‘ื•ืจื™ืก ืคืกื˜ืจื ืง (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, ืชืฉื›ืดื 1961) <ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืžืจ ื•ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉืชืœ>
  • ืœื—ื ื“ื•ื™ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื / ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ ืื™ื›ื ืจืื ื“ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉื›ืดื˜ 1969)
  • ืขืงื“ืช ื™ืกืืง : ืฉื™ืจื™ื / ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืกืงื™ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, ืชืฉืดืœ 1969)
  • ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœื™ืจื™ื™ื : ืจืงื•ื•ื™ืื / ืื ื” ืื—ืžื˜ื•ื‘ื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื‘ื™ืจ, ืชืฉืดืœ 1970)
  • ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ืœ : ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื / ืคื•ืœ ืืœื•ืืจ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, ืชืฉืœืดื‘ 1971)
  • ืจืงื•ื•ื™ืื / ืื ื” ืื—ืžื˜ื•ื‘ื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, 1973) <ืขื ืžื‘ื•ื: ืดืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ื•ืฉื™ืจืชื”ืด, ืžืืช ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ>
  • ืฉื™ืจื™ื / ืื•ืกื™ืค ืžื ื“ืœืฉื˜ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ืชืฉืœืดื•)
  • ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ืžืกืŸ ืคืจื ืฆื™ืกืงื• : ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื / ืื™ื•ืืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื™ืŸ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉืžืดื 1981) <ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืฆื‘ื™ ืืจื“>
  • ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืืœื™ื”, ืชืฉืžืดื” 1985) <ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืค. ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืฆืณื‘, ื.ื‘ืœื•ืง, ื. ืื—ืžื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื‘. ืคืกื˜ืจื ืง, ื. ืžื ื“ืœืฉื˜ื, ื™. ื‘ืจื•ื“ืกืงื™>

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:

ืกืคืจื™ื:
  • ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื™-ื’ืจื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื‘ืื•ืจ ืคื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ : ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืฉื™ืจืชื• ื•ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืฉื™ืจ ื•ืคืฉืจื• (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, 1969)
     ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกืคืจ ืดืฉื™ืจื™ืืด (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“, ืชืฉื›ืดื— 1968)
    ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
  • ืœื™ื ืง, ื‘ืจื•ืš. ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ : ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืกืคืงื˜ื™ื ืคื•ืื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืชืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื• (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืืœืดืฃ, ืชืฉืžืดื’ 1982) <ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื“ื™ืกืจื˜ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’ืณืœืก>
  • ืกื•ื›ืจื™, ื™ื•ืื‘. ืฉื™ืจืช ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ : ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืื˜ื™ื™ื ืชืจืคืดื•-ืชืฉืœืดื’ (1926ึพ1973) (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ, ืชืฉื ืดื– 1997) < ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื’ืžืจ (ืžืดื)--ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ, ืชืฉื ืดื– 1997>
ืžืืžืจื™ื:
  • ืื•ื›ืžื ื™, ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ.  ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื•ืžื”ื ืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื ืขืœื™.  ืขืœื™ ืฉื™ื—, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 1 (ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืœืดื“, ื™ื•ื ื™ 1974), ืขืžืณ 57ึพ70 <ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืชื ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™, ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ ื•ื™ื•ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืช-ืžืจื™ื>
  • ื‘ื”ืจ, ืขื•ื–ื™.  ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ-ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ. ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื”: ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 15 (1982), ืขืžืณ 56ึพ59.
  • ื’ื•ืจืคื™ื™ืŸ, ืจื‘ืงื”.  ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ.  ื‘ืกืคืจื”: ืืœ ืžืœื™ื ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืŸ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื, ืกืคืจื™ื (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ : ืžืกื“ื”, 1975), ืขืžืณ 103ึพ107.
  • ื“ื‘ืจ.  ืœืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ.  ื“ื‘ืจ, ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ื’ืณ ื‘ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉื›ืดื˜, 25 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1968, ืขืžืณ 9 <ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืžื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืณื“ื‘ืจืณ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ 40 ืฉื ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ> *
  • ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื™-ื’ืจื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืจื”ื.  ืขื•ื ื” ืจื•ื“ืคืช ืขื•ื ื”... ืื™ืŸ ืœืืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ : ืคืจื™ื—ื”-ื ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ. ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื ืดื, ื’ืœืณ 6 (ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืžืดื, ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1980), ืขืžืณ 421ึพ425, 472.
  • ื•ื™ื™ื›ืจื˜, ืจืคื™.  ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ืœืขื’ื•ืŸ : ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื”ื ืฉื›ื—ืช ืฉืœ ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ.  ืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืช, ื™ืดื“ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืกืดื–, 6 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2006, ืขืžืณ 25.
  • ื–ื™ืœื‘ื•ืจื’, ื•ื™ื˜ื”. ืฉื ื™ ืคื ื™ื ืœืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื”. ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืขืดื–, ื’ืœืณ 1 (2003), ืขืžืณ 57ึพ59 <ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื ืฉืœ ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ (ืดื—ืจื™ืฉื™ ื™ื•ืชืจืด), ื‘ืŸ-ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืžืจ (ืดืœื™ ืžืฉืœื™ืด) ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืจ (ืดื ื–ืจืด)>
  • ื—ื‘ืจ, ื—ื ืŸ.  ื”ืงืกื ื”ื–ืจ : ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ. ื‘ืกืคืจื•: ืงื•ืจื ืฉื™ืจื” : ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ืžืกื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘: ืงืฉื‘ ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืกืดื” 2005), ืขืžืณ 64ึพ79.
  • ืœืฉื, ื’ื™ื•ืจื. ื”ืงื•ืœ ื•ื”ื”ื“ : ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืช ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ. ื“ื‘ืจ, ื˜ืดื• ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืžืดื’, 27 ื‘ืžืื™ 1983, ืขืžืณ 21, 22.
  • ืœืฉื, ื’ื™ื•ืจื. ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ื ื•ืื•ื‘ื“ื ื™ื : ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ. ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื ืดื–, ื’ืœืณ 1ึพ2 (ืชืฉืžืดื’ 1983), ืขืžืณ 69ึพ71 <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื›ืคืจ ืกื‘ื ืœืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื–ืžื•ืจื”-ื‘ื™ืชืŸ, ืชืฉื ืดื 1991), ืขืžืณ 134ึพ148>
  • ืœืฉื, ื’ื™ื•ืจื. ื“ื•ืŸ ืคื ืฉื” ื•ืกื ืฉื” ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜: ืขืœ ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ.  ื ืชื™ื‘: ื›ืชื‘ ืขืช ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช, ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื ื” ื™ืดื‘, ื’ืœืณ 3 (68) (1999), ืขืžืณ 88ึพ89 <ืžื•ื‘ื ืฉื™ืจื• ืฉืœ ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ ืดืขืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืกืŸ-ืกื•ืœืคื™ืกืด>
  • ืฉืคืจื”, ืฉ.  ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื›ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช : ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ.  ืžืฉื (ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœืณื“ื‘ืจืณ), ื’ืœืณ 9 (65) (ื›ืดื— ื‘ืื“ืจ ืืณ ืชืฉืœืดื’, 2 ื‘ืžืืจืก 1973), ืขืžืณ 1, 3.
ืขืœ ืดืฉื™ืจื™ืืด (ืชืฉื›ืดื— 1968)
ืขืœ ืดืงืฉืช ื ื™ืกืŸืด
ืขืœ ืดืขืฆื™ ืชืžื™ื“ืด
ืขืœ ืดืฉื™ืจื™ืืด (ืชืฉืœืดื• 1976)
  • ื‘ืŸ-ืฉืื•ืœ, ืžืฉื” (ืž. ืžืฉื‘). ืฉื™ืจื™ ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืจ. ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืžืดื”, ื’ืœืณ 2 (ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืœืดื–, ื™ื•ืœื™ 1977), ืขืžืณ 148ึพ149.
ืขืœ ืดืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉื˜ื‘ืขื• ื‘ื—ื•ืœืด
ืขืœ ืดืฉืงื™ืขื” ื•ืคืจื™ื“ื”ืด
  • ื˜ื ืื™, ืฉืœืžื”.  ืœื“ื™ื™ืง ื‘ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื‘ืŸ ืœื‘ืจ.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื‘ืณ ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืžืดื˜, 11 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1988, ืขืžืณ 2.
  • ืขืงืจื•ื ื™, ืื‘ื™ื‘. ืœื ื˜ื•ืข ื‘ืš ืฉืชื™ืงื” ืขืžื•ืงื”.  ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืขืœ ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืื–ื ื™ื™ื : ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžืืžืจื™ื : ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื•ืช, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืงื“, ืชืฉืกืดื– 2007), ืขืžืณ 105ึพ107.
ืขืœ ืดื—ืฆื•ืช ื•ื ืฆื—ืด
  • ื‘ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ื™ื•ืจื [ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืจืฉืช]. ืขื–ืจื ื–ื•ืกืžืŸ ืดืื™ื—ืจ ืืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื”ืด. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื™ืณ ื‘ืื“ืจ ืชืฉื ืดื˜, 26 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1999, ืขืžืณ ื‘ 14.
ืขืœ ืดืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ืืด (ืชืฉืžืดื” 1985)
  • ื‘ืจื•ื ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ื™ื•ืจื. ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืจื•ืกื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ืดื’ ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืžืดื•, 6 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1985, ืขืžืณ 16 <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืชื”ื™ึถื” : ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื”, ืคืจื•ื–ื” ื•ืžืกื” ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช / ืขืจืš ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจ โ€“ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื™ื ืคืœื“ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืจืžืœ, ืชืฉืกืดื• 2006), ืขืžืณ 231ึพ235>
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:


ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 22 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2019

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ