ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื—ื‘ืจ ืกืคืจื ื™ื
  

ืขื•ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ืจ (1952โ€“2021)

<ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Uzi Behar

    ืขื•ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ืจ ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื•ืžืชืจื’ื ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื˜ืณ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉื™ืดื‘, 30 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1952. ื’ื“ืœ ื•ื”ืชื—ื ืš ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื‘ืขื›ื•. ืœืžื“ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ-ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืงืฆื™ื ื™ ื™ื ื‘ืขื›ื•. ืžื›ื™ืชื” ื™ืดื ืœืžื“ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืืณ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘. ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ืขื•ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ืืจืฅ.
    ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื”ืชืคืจืกืžื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื” 5 (ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1976). ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื›ื•ื ืกื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื• ืคืจื˜ื™ื (ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, 1980). ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช: ื ื•ืคื™ื, ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื ืคืฉ, ื’ืขื’ื•ืขื™ื, ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืืจืกืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื”. ื”ืื ื™-ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื“ืจืš ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช, ืžืขื˜ ืžืจื•ื—ืงืช ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ื ื•ืกื˜ืœื’ื™ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืฉื™ืจ ื–ื”: ืดื›ึผึฐืžึดื™ ืฉืึถืชึผึธืžึดื™ื“ ืงื•ึนืจึตื ืึถืช ื—ึทื™ึผึธื™ื• ืœึฐืึธื—ื•ึนืจ,/ ื•ึฐื˜ื•ึนืขึตื ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึผึทืจ ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ื‘ึผึฐื’ึทืจึฐื’ึผึตืจ ืœึนื-ื ึถื—ึฐืฉืึธื‘,/ ืึฒื ึดื™ ืžึทื›ึผึดื™ืจ ืึถืช ื”ึทืคึผึดืชึผื•ึผื™ ื”ึทืžึผึตืจึดื™ืฅ ืœึฐืคึถืชึทืข ืึถืช ื”ึทื“ึผึธื,/ ืœึนื ืœึฐื›ึทืกึผื•ึนืช ื™ื•ึนืชึตืจ ืคึผึธื ึดื™ืโ€ฆืด (ืœืœื ื›ื•ืชืจืช, ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืคืชื•ื— ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืจื™ื, 1989).
    ื–ื”ื• ืื ื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืกืชื’ืจื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืืžื‘ื™ื•ื•ืœื ื˜ื™ ื›ืœืคื™ื”: ืดืึฒื‘ึธืœ ืคึผึดืชึฐืึนื ืžึดืชึฐื‘ึผึธืจึตืจ ืฉืึถื™ึผึตืฉื ื’ึผึทื ื“ึผึธื‘ึธืจ ื›ึผึธื–ึถื”: ืขึนื“ึถืฃ ืคึผึฐืจึธื˜ึดื™ึผื•ึผืช.ืด (ืœืœื ื›ื•ืชืจืช, ืฉื). ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื ื•ืคื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ ืขื™ืจ ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื–, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืดPont neufืด, ืดื™ืžื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (ื’ื ื™ ืœื•ื›ืกืžื‘ื•ืจื’)ืด, ืดืกืŸ ืกื•ืœืคื™ืกืด (ืคืจื˜ื™ื), ื•ืฉืœ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืดืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืคืชื•ื—ืด ื•ื‘ืดื‘ื‘ืงืจื™ืืด (ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืคืชื•ื— ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืจื™ื). ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™, ื‘ื ื™ื›ื•ืจ, ื‘ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ื (ืกื ื“ืœืจ, ืงื‘ืฆืŸ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”), ื‘ืคื™ื ื•ืช ืงืกื, ื•ืžืขืฆื‘ ืื•ื•ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืคืกื˜ื•ืจืœื™ื” ื•ืžืœื ื›ื•ืœื™ื”. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012 ืคืจืกื ื‘ื”ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื™ืžื™ื: ืฉื™ืจื™ื 1973โ€“2011, ื‘ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื˜ืจื ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
    ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืกืคืจื™ื•: ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื•ืคื ื, ืžืชื’ืขื’ืข ืœืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื (ืคืจื™ื–) ื•ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืžื•ืคืฉื˜, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืชืžืงื“ ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื• ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘) ื•ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™. ื–ื• ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื”ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื•ื–ืื™ ืœืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™. ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื, ืœืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื” ืกื•ื ื˜ื•ืช ืœื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ. ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืžืชื›ืชื‘ืช ืขื ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื: ืดืื™ืคื™ื’ื ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ืื•ืจื™ืกืด, ืจืžื‘ื•, ืžื ื“ืœืฉื˜ื, ื ืชืŸ ืืœืชืจืžืŸ, ื“ืŸ ืฆืœืงื” ื•ื“ืœื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ืฉืชื ื• ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืชืืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืืจืกืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื”).
    ืชื™ืจื’ื ืžืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ืืช ืดื”ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื—ืกื“ืด ืžืืช ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ืœ (1994) ื•ืžืฉื™ืจื™ ืจืžื‘ื•, ื•ืžืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžืฉื™ืจื™ ื•ืดื” ืื•ื“ืŸ ื•ืขื–ืจื ืคืื•ื ื“.
    ื›ืžื” ืžืฉื™ืจื™ื• ืชื•ืจื’ืžื• ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
    ืขื•ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ืจ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื‘ืณ ื‘ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉืคืดื‘, 8 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2021.

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืœืขื“ ืžืื™ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช 

ืกืคืจื™ื•:
  • ืคืจื˜ื™ื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืดืž 1980) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื>
  • ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืคืชื•ื— ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืžืดื˜ 1989)
  • ื™ืžื™ื : ืฉื™ืจื™ื 1973โ€“2011 (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, ืชืฉืขืดื’ 2012)

ืชืจื’ื•ื:

  • ื”ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื—ืกื“ / ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ืœ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืจืžืœ, ืชืฉื ืดื“ 1994) <ืžื‘ื•ื - ื’ื•ืกื˜ื‘ ืชื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ; ืื—ืจื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจ - ืžืจืกืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืื”>

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:

ืขืœ ืดืคืจื˜ื™ืืด
  • ื–ื™ื ื’ืจ, ืžืฉื”.  ื”ื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ืชื–ืžื•ืจืช (ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืขืžื™ื—ื™ ื•ืขื•ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ืจ - ืฉื ื™ ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื–ื” ื‘ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ื•ืขื•ืฆืžืชื ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื ืงื™ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืฆืœื•ืœ).  ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื›ืจืš 6 (1980), ืขืžืณ 42โ€“43.
  • ื—ื‘ืจ, ื—ื ืŸ.  ื”ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื” ื•ืžื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ืžืœืžืœื”.  ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื”: ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 12โ€“13 (1981), ืขืžืณ 16โ€“18 <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• : ืงื•ืจื ืฉื™ืจื” : ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ืžืกื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื” ืขื‘ืจื™ืช (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืงืฉื‘ ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืกืดื” 2005), ืขืžืณ 201โ€“204> <ืขืœ ืดืฉื™ืจื™ ืคืืจื™ื–ืด ืฉืœ ืขื•ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ืกืคืจื• ืดืคืจื˜ื™ืืด ื•ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื•ื ืกืงื™>
  • ืฉืจื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ืกืฃ.  ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช.  ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืจื™ืื”: ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 12โ€“13 (1981), ืขืžืณ 334โ€“338.
ืขืœ ืดืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ืคืชื•ื— ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืจื™ืืด
  • ืืœื˜ืจืก, ืืœื•ืŸ.  ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืืœื™ ืœื”ื›ืขื™ืก.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ื™ืดื– ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉืžืดื˜, 18 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1989, ืขืžืณ 6.
  • ื“ื•ืชืŸ, ืื™ื™ืœ.  ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ โ€“ ื”ื ื“ื™ื“ื”.  ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ื’ืœืณ 114 (1989), ืขืžืณ 9.
  • ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™, ืืคืจืช.  ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื.  ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื‘ืช, ื–ืณ ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืดืŸ, 2 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 1990, ืขืžืณ 24.
  • ืฉืคืจื™ืจ, ืžืฉื”.  ืขื•ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ืจ - ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง.  ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืกืดื“, ื’ืœืณ 9โ€“10 (1990), ืขืžืณ 84.
ืขืœ ืดื™ืžื™ื, 1973โ€“2011ืด
ืขืœ ืดื”ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื—ืกื“ืด ืœืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ืœ
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

Wikidata โ€“ Q108855536 J9U โ€“ 987007303171705171 NLI โ€“ 000326126 LC โ€“ n89134586 VIAF โ€“ 13899924
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 11 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2021

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ
ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
ืขื•ืจืš ืื—ืจืื™: ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื’ืœืจื•ืŸึพื’ื•ืœื“ืฉืœื’ืจ

 

 

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