ื’ืœืขื“ ืžืื™ืจื™ (1965)

Gilad Meืณiri

    ื’ืœืขื“ ืžืื™ืจื™, ืžืฉื•ืจืจ, ืกื•ืคืจ ื•ืคืขื™ืœ ืกืคืจื•ืชื™, ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืดื– ื‘ืื“ืจ ื‘ืณ ืชืฉื›ืดื”, 21 ื‘ืžืืจืก 1965. ืœืžื“ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืดืœื•ืจื™ืืด ื•ืดื“ื ืžืจืงืด ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืขืงื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉื”ื” ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ืฉื™ืจืช ื‘ื ื—ืดืœ. ืœืžื“ ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืœืชื•ืืจ ืžื•ืกืžืš ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื” ื•ื•ืœืš. ื›ืชื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืื‘ื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืขื– ืขืจืคืœื™. ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืกืžื” ื›ืกืคืจ ืฉื›ื•ืชืจืชื• ื”ืจ ื’ืขืฉ ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื™: ืคืจื•ื“ื™ื”, ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ื•ืื•ื•ื ื’ืจื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื“ื•ื“ ืื‘ื™ื“ืŸ (2012). ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืดื”ืœื™ืงื•ืŸืด ื•ืžืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืดื›ืชื•ื‘ืชืด ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื”. ืžืื– 2002 ืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืดืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืจื”ืด, ืžืจื›ื– ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืื•ื”ืœ ืžืฉื” ื‘ื ื—ืœืื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืดื›ืชื•ื‘ืชืด ื™ื–ื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœื™ื. ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื: ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจ ื›ืžื•ืจื” ืœื™ื•ื’ื”, ื”ื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ืžืขื•ืŸ ืดืื•ืจื ื™ืืด ืœื ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื”, ืœื™ืžื“ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ืจื›ื– ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ ืดืœื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจืด ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2015 ื”ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื ื•ืขื” ืฉืงืจื’ืณื™ ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืคื™ืจืกื ืืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื•ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื• ื‘ืžื•ืกืคื™ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืขืช, ื‘ื”ื: ืžืื–ื ื™ื™ื, ืขืชื•ืŸ 77, ืฉื‘ื•, ื”ืœื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืคื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—, ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืขื•ื“, ื•ื‘ืื ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื”. ืคื™ืจืกื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื”, ืฉื™ืœื‘ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื•ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื™ืฆืจ ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื• ื•ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ (ืขื ืจื•ืขื™ ื‘ืŸึพืขืžื™ ื•ืืœื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืœ) ื‘ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืื—ืช ืขื ืงืœืฉื•ืŸ (2004), ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจืช ืื’ื™ ืžืฉืขื•ืœ. ื›ืชื‘ ืืช ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื”: ืคื’ื ื™ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ (ื›ืจืžืœ, 2003; ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื“, ื‘ื˜ืจื ื ื“ืคืก, ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื–ื‘ื•ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจ, 2001); ื–ืขื–ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื’ืณืœื™: ืฉื™ืจื™ื (2006); ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืชืงื“ื (2010), ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื (2014); ื‘ื•ื ื–ืžื ื™ (2017) ื•ืกื•ื ื˜ ื‘ื’ื˜ (2019). ื›ืชื‘ ืืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ (2008). ืขืจืš ืืช ืื ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืงื•ืจื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช (ืžื“ื™ื” 41, 2009). ืื ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืขืจืš ืขื ื ื•ืขื” ืฉืงืจื’ืณื™: ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื (ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื, 2011). ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืžื•ืกืจืจื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื• ืœืฆื“ ืื‘ ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ ืดื”ืคื ืชืจื™ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ืืด ื”ื•ืชื™ืจื• ื—ื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื•. ื”ืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื• ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ืึพื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื (ื–ืขื–ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื’ืณืœื™, ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืชืงื“ื ื•ืคื’ื ื™ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™). ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืžืขืจื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™, ื”ืžืคื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืŸ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืืœ ืชื•ื›ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™, ื”ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืžืชื— ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื” ื”ืกื‘ื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืจื•ืคื™ื ื›ื‘ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื. ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืคืงื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืจื•ืง.

ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ื“ื‘ ืกื“ืŸ (2006), ื‘ืคืจืก ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืขืดืฉ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื•ื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ื–ืดืœ (2007) ื•ื‘ืคืจืก ืืงื•ืดื ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” (2013). ืžืื™ืจื™ ื ืฉื•ื™ ื•ืื‘ ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื”.

       

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืฉืข ืคื•ืจืช ื•ื ื™ื ื” ืคื™ื ื˜ื•ึพืื‘ืงืกื™ืก ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช 
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”]
[ืฆื™ืœื•ื: ืžื•ื˜ื™ ืงื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ]

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ืคื’ื ื™ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืจืžืœ, ืชืฉืกืดื’ 2003) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื> <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ืœื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’>
  • ื–ืขื–ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื’ืณืœื™ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืจืžืœ, ืชืฉืกืดื• 2006)
  • ืฉื™ืจื” ื›ืคืืจื•ื“ื™ื” : ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆื—ื•ืง, ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ื ื•ืคื•ืกื˜ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื“ื•ื“ ืื‘ื™ื“ืŸ. (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘, ืชืฉืกืดื– 2007) <ื“ื™ืกืจื˜ืฆื™ื”. ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘>
  • ื›ึผึฐืชึนื‘ึถืช : ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืจืขื ื ื” : ืื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืŸ, ืชืฉืกืดื— 2008) <ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืดื›ืชื•ื‘ืชืด: ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืชืŸ, ื“ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ื™ืกืžืŸ, ืืจื™ืืœ ื–ื™ื ื“ืจ, ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื™ื‘ื ื”, ื’ืœืขื“ ืžืื™ืจื™ ื•ืœื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’>
  • ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืจืžืœ, ืชืฉืกืดื— 2008) <ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื> <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ืืคืจืช ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™>
  • ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืชืงื“ื : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื›ืจืžืœ, ืชืฉืดืข 2010) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ืืจื™ืืœ ื–ื™ื ื“ืจ>
  • ื”ืจ ื’ืขืฉ ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื™ : ืคืจื•ื“ื™ื”, ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ื•ืื•ื•ื ื’ืจื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื“ื•ื“ ืื‘ื™ื“ืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“, ืชืฉืขืดื’ 2012)
    ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
  • ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืงืฉื‘ ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืขืดื“ 2014) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ื ื•ืขื” ืฉืงืจื’ืณื™>
  • ื‘ื•ื ื–ืžื ื™ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืขืดื– 2017) <ืฉื™ืจื™ื. ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ืขื ืช ื–ื›ืจื™ื”>
  • ืกื•ื ื˜ ื‘ื’ื˜ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืจื” ; ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขืžื“ื”, ืชืฉืขืดื˜ 2019)
  • ืคื•ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” : ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ืช 2006โ€“2018 (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืดืฃ 2020)
  • ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื™ื : ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืืœืคื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืคืดื 2020) <ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื>
  • ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขืฉื” ืืช ืฉืœื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื›ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืคืดื 2021) <ืขืจื™ื›ื” โ€“ ื ื•ืขื” ืฉืงืจื’ืณื™>

ืขืจื™ื›ื”:

  • ืงื•ืจื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช : ืื ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžื“ื™ื” 41, ืชืฉืกืดื˜ 2009)
  • ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ื : ืฉื™ืจื™ ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช : ืกืคืจื™ ื—ืžื“, 2011)  <ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื ื•ืขื” ืฉืงืจื’ืณื™>
  • ืžื—ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื : ืื ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืจื”, 2013)  <ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื ื•ืขื” ืฉืงืจื’ืณื™ ื•ื“ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ื™ืกืžืŸ>
  • ื ื ื•ืคื•ืื˜ื™ืงื” 1 : ืกืคืจ ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื” 2013 (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืขืดื’ 2013)
  • ื“ื•ื™ื“ื™ : ืกืคืจ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช / ื“ื•ื“ ืžืื™ืจื™ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื’ืœืขื“ ืžืื™ืจื™, ืชืฉืขืดื˜ 2019)
  • ืœืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ : ืื ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืคืดื 2020)
  • ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื : ืื ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืคืดื 2021)
  • ืงืจื™ืืช ืžืฉื—ืง : ืื ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื ืขื ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื–ืจ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืคืดื 2021)
  • ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื : ืื ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ ื˜ื™ืกื” (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืคืดื‘ 2022)
  • ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื” : ืื ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ ื–ื ื•ืช ื•ืคื•ืจื ื• (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืจื”, ืชืฉืคืดื“ 2024)

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:

ืขืœ ืดืคื’ื ื™ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ืด
  • ื•ื™ืกืžืŸ, ื“ื•ืจื™ืช. ืฉื˜ื™ื— ืžื“ื™ื— ืžืฉื™ื—. ืฉื‘ื•, ื’ืœืณ 10 (2003), ืขืžืณ 106โ€“109.
  • ืขืœื•ืŸ, ืงืฆื™ืขื”. ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืื—ื“. ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื, ื’ืœืณ 583 (ื–ืณ ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืกืดื“, 28 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2004), ืขืžืณ 8.
ืขืœ ืดื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจืด ืขืœ ืดื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžืชืงื“ืืด ืขืœ ืดื”ืจ ื’ืขืฉ ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื™ืด ืขืœ ืดืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ืืด

ืขืœ ืดืงื•ืจื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืชืด ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื’ืœืขื“ ืžืื™ืจื™ ืขืœ ืดืงืจื‘ืช ืžืงื•ืืด ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื’ืœืขื“ ืžืื™ืจื™ ื•ื ื•ืขื” ืฉืงืจื’ืณื™ ืขืœ ืดืžื—ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื : ืื ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืชืด ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื’ืœืขื“ ืžืื™ืจื™ ื•ื ื•ืขื” ืฉืงืจื’ืณื™ ื•ื“ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ื™ืกืžืŸ
ืขืœ ืดื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื”  : ืื ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ ื–ื ื•ืช ื•ืคื•ืจื ื•ืด ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื’ืœืขื“ ืžืื™ืจื™
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

OpenLibrary โ€“ OL6622079A Wikidata โ€“ Q12404964 NLI โ€“ 987007297556805171 LC โ€“ no2003103525 VIAF โ€“ 54454270
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 17 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2026

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
ืขื•ืจืš ืื—ืจืื™: ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื’ืœืจื•ืŸึพื’ื•ืœื“ืฉืœื’ืจ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ

 

 

-->