ื’ืฆืœ ืงืจืกืœ (1911โ€“1986)

<ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Getzel Kressel

    ืืœื™ืงื•ื ื’ืฆืœ ืงืจืกืœ, ื—ื•ืงืจ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืฃ ื•ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืฃ, ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื–ืื‘ืœื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช (ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”) ื‘ื˜ืดื– ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืจืขืดื, 12 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1911. ืขืœื” ืืจืฆื” ื‘ึพ1930 ื•ืขื‘ื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื“ืกื™ ื›ืคืจ ื’ื ื™ื ืœื™ื“ ืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื›ืคื•ืขืœ, ื›ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื•ื›ืžื ื”ืœ. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืคื™ืจืกื ื‘ืดื“ื‘ืจืด ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืืžืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืจืจื• ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืœ ื›ืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ืื–, ื“ื‘ ืฉื˜ื•ืง [ืœื™ืžื™ื ืกื“ืŸ]. ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ืช ื›ืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ืงืจืกืœ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (1938) ื•ื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืคืจื™ ืขื˜ื•: ืดืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช: ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”ืด (ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช, 1939; ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจืื” ืื•ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช, 1948). ื‘ึพ1943 ืขืงืจ ืœืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืดื“ื‘ืจืด ื•ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“. ื‘ึพ1951, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื• ืžืฆื”ืดืœ, ืขื‘ื“ ื›ืขื•ืจืš ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืชืžื ื” ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ึพื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืดื’ื ื–ื™ืืด, ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืžื™ืœื ืขื“ 1960. ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืคืจืกื ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื: ืดืืจืฅึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื”: ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ืด (1943), ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื›ืืœืฃ ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช; ื•ืดืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœืด (1964), ืฉืชื•ืจื’ื ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืœื ืื—ืช ืชืจื ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืื—ืจื™ื, ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืงื˜ืœื•ื’ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืดืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืื™ืงื”ืด (ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืžืื•ืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืฉื). ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืจืš ืืกื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื’ืจื•ืช, ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื•ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช (ืฉืœ ื ื—ื•ื ืกื•ืงื•ืœื•ื‘, ืžืฉื” ื”ืก ื•ืื—ืจื™ื) ื•ื”ื”ื“ื™ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืžืคืขืœื• ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืดืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ืืด (1967โ€“1965). ื™ื•ื–ื ื”ืžืคืขืœ, ื‘ืจืœ ื›ืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ, ื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœ ืงืจืกืœ ื•ืขืœ ื“ื‘ ืกื“ืŸ ืืช ืžืœืื›ืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ืื•ืœื ืกื“ืŸ ืžืฉืš ื™ื“ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื“ืจื™ืฉืชื• ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื ื“ื—ืชื”. ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื›ืจื›ื™ ื”ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืืœืคื™ื ื•ืžืื” ืขืจื›ื™ื, ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืชื—ื™ืœืชื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืฉื‘ืขึพืขืฉืจื” ื•ืื™ืœืš. ืœื™ืžื™ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืงืจืกืœ ืฉืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ืžื ืขื• ืžืžื ื• ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื•, ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ืฉื ื™ ื›ืจื›ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืขืœ ืžืคืขืœ ื–ื” ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืก ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง (1969). ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื• ื–ื™ื›ื• ืื•ืชื• ื’ื ื‘ืคืจืก ืื•ืกื™ืฉืงื™ืŸ (1963), ื‘ืคืจืก ื‘ืŸึพืฆื‘ื™ (1970) ื•ื‘ืคืจืก ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื•ื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœ (1973). ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉืงื“ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืงื“ืงื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจืกืœ ืœื ื ืคืงื“ ื’ื ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ, ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ืดืื•ืฆืจ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ, ื”ืกืื˜ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื‘ืืจืฅึพื™ืฉืจืืœืด (1984), ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืขืจืš ืœืฉื™ืจ ืขื’ื‘ื™ื ืžืืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืŸึพื–ืื‘, ื™ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื”ึพืขืฉืจื”, ื•ืœืดื—ืžืจ ื’ืžืœ: ื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืชื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืคืกื—ืด, ืฉืจืื” ืื•ืจ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ึพ1909. ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืดืกืชืจื™ ืกืคืจ ื•ืกื•ืคืจืด (ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื‘ืฆืคืช, 1975) ื”ืขืœื” ืงืจืกืœ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื‘ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช. ื‘ึพ1971 ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืงืจืกืœ ืืช ืื•ืกืคื• ื”ืขืฆื•ื โ€“ ื›ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื–ื™ืจื™ ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช, ืืœืคื™ ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืจื˜ืกืช ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ืžืงื™ืคื” โ€“ ืืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื ื˜ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“, ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืคืจื˜ื ื‘ืคืชื— ื”ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืœื›ืชื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœื•: ืดื›ืชื‘ื™ ื’. ืงืจืกืœ: ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”ืด, 1986.

ื•ืจืกืก, ืฉืžื•ืืœ. ืดืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”ืด. ืดืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจืด ืกืดื. 1987โ€“1986. 168โ€“163; ืกื“ืŸ, ื“ื‘. ืดื‘ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช: ืขืœ ื’ืณ ืงืจืกืœืด. ืดืื‘ื ื™ ื’ื“ืจ: ืขืœ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ืกืคืจื™ืืด. ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘: ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. 1970. 134โ€“124; ืงืจืกืœ, ื’ืฆืœ. ืดื“ืจื›ื™ ืืœ ื”ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸืด. ืดืžืื–ื ื™ื™ืืด ื›ืดื‘ (2). ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1966. 167โ€“162; โ€”. ืดื ื•ืฉืื™ึพืฉื•ื‘ืœ ืžืœื›ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช: ืขื ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื›ืจืš ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืณืดืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ืืดืดืณ. ืดืžืื–ื ื™ื™ืืด ื›ืดื” (4โ€“5). ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจโ€“ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1967. 361โ€“354; โ€”. ืดื›ืชื‘ื™ ื’. ืงืจืกืœ: ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”ืด, ืชืจืคืดื˜ (1929) โ€“ ืชืฉืžืดื• (1985)ืด. ืœื•ื“: ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจื™ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืžืจื›ื– ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื. 1986. 48โ€“9. ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ
ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืœืณ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉืžืดื•, 4 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1986.

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช : ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืจืฆืดื˜, ื™ื•ื ื™ 1939)
  • ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืดื”ื’ื”ืด, ืชืฉืดื) <ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืžืืช ื“ื‘ ืฉื˜ื•ืง [ืกื“ืŸ]>
  • ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ ื”ืจืฆืœ ื‘ืืกืคืงืœืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืœื” (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืงืจืŸ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืก, ืชืฉืดื’)
  • ืื ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืคืชื—ึพืชืงื•ื” : ืชืจืœืดื—โ€“ืชืฉื™ืดื’, 1878โ€“1953 : ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื (ืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื” : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืขื™ืจื™ืช ืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื”, ืชืฉื™ืดื’โ€“ืชืฉื™ืดื“ 1953) <ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืจึทื•ึถืจ, ืžื™ื›ืืœ ืื‘ื™ึพื™ื•ื ื”, ืžืฉื” ืื‘ื ื™ืžืœืš, ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื–ื”ืจื™ ื•ื–ืœืžืŸ ื™ื•ืืœื™>
  • ืื•ืฆืจ ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ, ื”ืกืื˜ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ : ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืชื•ืœ, ื”ืกืื˜ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืขื“ ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื, ืžืื•ืกืคื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฆื“ืงื•ื ื™ ื–ืดืœ, ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืคื™ืขื ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืชื›ื ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžื–ื›ืจืช, ืชืฉืžืดื“) <ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื‘ื•ื ืžืืช ื“ื‘ ืกื“ืŸ ื•ืฉื ื™ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืืช ืืดืจ ืžืœืื›ื™ ืขืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ืชื•ืœ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ>
ืขืจื™ื›ื”:
  • ื“ื•ื“ ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ : ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžืืžืจื™ื• ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžื‘ื•ื ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืงืจืŸ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืงื™ืžืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืดื™ ืžืฆืคื”, ืชืฉืดื‘)
  • ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืœืงืœืขื™ โ€” ืจื‘ื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืจืฉ ืงืœื™ืฉืจ : ืžื‘ื—ืจ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื”ื, ืกื•ื“ืจ ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžื‘ื•ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืงืจืŸ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื•ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืงื™ืžืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชืฉืดื’)
  • ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžืืžืจื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืฉื” ืœื•ื ืฅ / ืขืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื•ื ืžืืช ื’ืณ ืงืจืกืœ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง, ืชืฉืœืดื 1970)
  • ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืขืœื” : ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืขืœืืช ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ื”ืื™ื›ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ืกื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1883 / ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ื‘ืจื™ืœ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื™ื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸึพืฆื‘ื™, ืชืฉืœืดื—) <ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžื‘ื•ื, ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ืžืคืชื— ืžืืช ื’ืณ ืงืจืกืœ>
ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:
  • ื.  ื”ืืžื•ื“ืื™ : ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’. ืงืจืกืœ.  ื“ื‘ืจ, ื—ืณ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉื˜ืดื–, 18 ื‘ืžืื™ 1956, ืขืžืณ 5.
  • ืงืจืกืœ,ื’.  ื“ืจื›ื™ ืืœ ื”ืœื›ืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ืกื™ืงื•ืŸ.   ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืคืดื•, ื’ืœืณ 1 (ื˜ื‘ืชโ€“ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืขืดื‘, ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2012), ืขืžืณ 27.
  • ืืœื—ื ื ื™, ื. ื—.  ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืชื• ืฉืœ ื’. ืงืจืกืœ.  ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ื›ืดื ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉื›ืดื“, 9 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1963, ืขืžืณ 6 <ืขื ื”ืขื ืงืช ืคืจืก ืื•ืกื™ืฉืงื™ืŸ ืœื’. ืงืจืกืœ>
  • ืืจื ื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ. ื’. ืงืจืกืœ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื โ€“ ืชืจื•ืžืชื• ืœื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืืคื™ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื ืดื‘, ื’ืœืณ 5โ€“6 (ื ื™ืกืŸโ€“ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืžืดื, ืืคืจื™ืœโ€“ืžืื™ 1981), ืขืžืณ 417โ€“422.
  • ื’ืจื•ื“ื–ื ืกืงื™, ืฉืœืžื”.  ื”ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื”ื‘ื” : ืขื ืžืชืŸ ืคืจืก ืœื—ื›ืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชืฉื›ืดื˜.  ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืดื˜ ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉื›ืดื˜, 20 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1968, ืขืžืณ 7.
  • ื—ืงืง, ื‘ืœืคื•ืจ.  ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืฉื ืืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืกืจื’ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.   ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืคืดื•, ื’ืœืณ 1 (ื˜ื‘ืชโ€“ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืขืดื‘, ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2012), ืขืžืณ 26.
  • ื˜ื•ืœืงืก, ื™ืจื•ื—ื.  ื’. ืงืจืกืœ.  ื‘ืกืคืจื•: ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื’ื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื•ืžืจ, ืชืฉืœืดื• 1976), ืขืžืณ 103โ€“108 <ื ื—ืชื: ืกื™ื•ืŸโ€“ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉื›ืดื>
  • ืกื“ืŸ, ื“ื‘.  ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช : ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื’. ืงืจืกืœ โ€“ ื—ืชืŸ ืคืจืก ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง.  ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืฉื ื” ืกืดื‘, ื’ืœืณ 13 (ื™ืณ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉื›ืดื˜, 31 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1968), ืขืžืณ 20โ€“32 <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืื‘ื ื™ ื’ื“ืจ : ืขืœ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ืกืคืจื™ื (ืจืžืชึพื’ืŸ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื™ื“ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืกื“ื”, 1970), ืขืžืณ 124โ€“134>
  • ืกื“ืŸ, ื“ื‘.  ืขืœ ืื™ืฉ ื•ื“ืจื›ื• : ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื–ื›ืจ ื’ืฆืœ ืงืจืกืœ.  ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžืฉื, ื›ืดื˜ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืžืดื–, 30 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1987, ืขืžืณ 20.
  • ืคืึทืœืงืึธื•ื•, ืื™ืœื™ืึท.  ื’ืขืฆืœ ืงืจืขืกืœ.  ืคืึธืจื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืก, ื™ืดื‘ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืžืดื, 14 ื™ื•ืœื™ 1981, ื–ื–. 5.
  • ืงื‘ืงื•ื‘, ื™ืขืงื‘.  ื—ื•ืงืจ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช.  ื”ื“ื•ืืจ, ืฉื ื” 60, ื’ืœืณ ืœืณ (ื›ืดื“ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืžืดื, 26 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1981), ืขืžืณ 479โ€“480.
  • ืงื ื™ืืœ, ืžืœื›ื”.  ื—ื•ืงืจ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื ืดื‘, ื’ืœืณ 5โ€“6 (ื ื™ืกืŸโ€“ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืžืดื, ืืคืจื™ืœโ€“ืžืื™ 1981), ืขืžืณ 422โ€“425.
  • ืจื‘ื™ื“, ื–ื‘ื•ืœื•ืŸ.  ื’. ืงืจืกืœ โ€“ ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื•ืฉืคืข.   ื”ื“ื•ืืจ, ืฉื ื” 60, ื’ืœืณ ืœืณ (ื›ืดื“ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืžืดื, 26 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1981), ืขืžืณ 480โ€“481; ื’ืœืณ ืœืดื (ื—ืณ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืžืดื, 10 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1981), ืขืžืณ 499โ€“501.
  • ืจืคืœ, ื™ื•ืืœ. ืื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” : ื‘ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืฃ ื’ืฆืœ ืงืจืกืœ.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืืžื ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืืณ ื‘ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืžืดื•, 5 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1986, ืขืžืณ 27.
ืขืœ ืดืจืืฉื™ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ ื”ืจืฆืœ ื‘ืืกืคืงืœืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืœื”ืด

ืขืœ ืดื“ื•ื“ ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ: ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžืืžืจื™ื•ืด
ืขืœ ืดื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ืืด (ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ื’. ืงืจืกืœ)
ืขืœ ืดื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืขืœื”ืด ืœื™ื—ื™ืืœ ื‘ืจื™ืœ
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ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 4 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2018

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