ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื—ื‘ืจ ืกืคืจื ื™ื
  

ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืจืื‘ื™ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ (1896ึพ1957)

 <ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Simon Rawidowicz

ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืจืื‘ื™ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื“' ื‘ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืจื "ื–, 11 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 1896 ื‘ื’ืจื™ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ, ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจืื‘ื™ื“, ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ "ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืงื™" ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™ื• ืื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื”. ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืœืžื“ ื‘'ื—ื“ืจื™ื', ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืœื™ื“ื ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ. ื‘ืขืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื•ืง, ื‘ื” ื”ื—ืœื” ืจืืฉื™ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•"ืฆืขื™ืจื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ". ื‘-1919 ื™ืฆื ืœื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘'ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ', ืขื•ืจืš ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืชื” ื•ืฆื™ืจ ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœ 'ืฆืขื™ืจื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ' ื•'ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ' ื‘ืคืจืื’. ื‘ืชืจืค"ื‘ ื™ืกื“ ื•ืขืจืš ื”ื•ืฆืืช-ืกืคืจื™ื "ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืช", ื‘ื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืกื™ื“ืจืช-ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ื‘-1926 ืกื™ื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช-ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ืž-1932 ืกืคืจืŸ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ. ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื–ื ื•ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืฉืœ "ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช" (1931) ื•ืžื ื”ืœื” ืขื“ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขืœื” ืืจืฆื” ื‘-1933 ื•ืœื ื ืงืœื˜. ื™ืฆื ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื•ื”ื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™-ืื•ืœืคืื ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืœื™ื“ืก. ืž-1948 ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช-ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืงืื’ื• (ืขื“ 1951) ื•ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจื ื“ื™ื™ืก (ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช). ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื›"ื‘ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉื™"ื–, 23 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1957 ื‘ื•ื•ืœืชืื, ืžื“ื™ื ืช ืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช-ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช: ืงืจืกืœ, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”]

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ; ื•ื•ืœืชืื : ืืจืจื˜, ืชืฉื™"ื– 1957) <2 ื›ืจื›ื™ื>
ืขืจื™ื›ื”:
  • ืกืคืจ ืกื•ืงื•ืœื•ื‘ : ืžื‘ื—ืจ ื›ืชื‘ื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืงื˜ ืื’ืจื•ืชื™ื•... ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ืื™ ื•ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ืชืฉ"ื’ 1943)
  • ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืงืจื•ื›ืžืืœ (ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืขื™ื ื•ืช, ืชืจืค"ื“) <ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืขื ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ืฆืื” ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื›"ื 1961)
ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”: ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:
ืกืคืจื™ื:
  • ื”ื’ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉื” : ืกืคืจ ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืจืื‘ื™ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื‘ืžืœืืช ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืžื•ืชื• / ืขืจื›ื• ืื‘ืจื”ื ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขื‘ืจื™ (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืฆ'ืจื™ืงื•ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ืคื”, ื”ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื” ืœืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืจื•ื—, ืชืฉืž"ื’ 1983)
    ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ:
    • ืงืจืกืœ, ื’. ืกืคืจื™ ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื.  ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžืฉื, ื™"ื ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืž"ื“, 13 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1984, ืขืž' 18 <ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืจืื‘ื™ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ("ื”ื’ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉื”") ื•ื"ืž ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ ("ื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ืžืŸ").  ื ื“ืคืก ื’ื ื‘'ื”ื“ื•ืืจ', ืฉื ื” 63, ื’ืœ' ื›"ื‘ (ื™"ื ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืž"ื“, 13 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1984), ืขืž' 361ึพ362>
ืžืืžืจื™ื:
  • ื•ื•ืจื‘ื”, ื–.  ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ.  ืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื•ืืจ : ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžืืžืจื™ื ืœื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืฉื™ื, ืชืจืค"ื‘-ืชืฉืž"ื‘ / ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืง. ืžื™ืงืœื™ืฉื ืกืงื™, ื™ืขืงื‘ ืงื‘ืงื•ื‘ (ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ืชืฉืž"ื‘ 1982), ืขืž'  244ึพ245.
  • ื˜ื•ืœืงืก, ื™ืจื•ื—ื.  ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืจืื‘ื™ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ.   ื‘ืกืคืจื•: ื‘ืกื•ื“ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื’ื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืขื•ืžืจ, ืชืฉืœ"ื• 1976), ืขืž' 160ึพ164 <ื ื—ืชื: ืชืฉื›"ื–>
  • ืžืื™ื™ืจืก, ื“ื•ื“ ื ืชืŸ.  ืจืื‘ื™ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ' ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ.  ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš: ืžืืกืฃ ืœืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ืžืืกืฃ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ (ืชืฉืข"ื• 2016), ืขืž' 49ึพ52)
  • ืงื‘ืงื•ื‘, ื™ืขืงื‘. ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืจืื‘ื™ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ. ื‘ืกืคืจื•:  ืฉื•ื—ืจื™ื ื•ื ืืžื ื™ื : ืžืกื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืก, ืชืฉืœ"ื— 1978), ืขืž' 193ึพ205.
  • ืงืฉืช, ื™ืฉื•ืจื•ืŸ.  ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืจืื‘ื™ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื–"ืœ.  ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ื”' (ื›"ื—), ื—ื•ื‘' ื’'-ื“' (ืื‘-ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉื™"ื–, ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜-ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1957), ืขืž' 241ึพ243.
  • ืฉืžื•ืืœื™, ืืคืจื™ื.  ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื•ืœืงื—ื”.  ื”ื“ื•ืืจ, ืฉื ื” 37, ื’ืœ' 2 (ื™"ื“ ื‘ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืชืฉื™"ื—, 8 ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 1957), ืขืž' 29ึพ30.
  • Myers, David N. A third guide for the perplexed? Simon Rawidowicz "On Interpretation". In: History and literature : new readings of Jewish texts in honor of Arnold J. Band / edited by William Cutter and David C. Jacobson (Providence : Brown Judaic Studies, 2002), pp. 75-87.
ืขืœ "ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื"
  • ืงืจืกืœ, ื’. ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื ื•ืกื— ืจืื‘ื™ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ. ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ืœืืžื ื•ืช, ื' ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉื™"ื˜, 12 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1958, ืขืž' 5, 6.
  • ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ, ืžืฉื”.  ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืฉื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืจืื‘ื™ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ. ื‘ืกืคืจื•:  ื”ืชื—ื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืชื ื• : ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžืืžืจื™ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืฆ'ืจื™ืงื•ื‘ืจ, 1982), ืขืž' 204ึพ207 <ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื• 'ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื'> <ืคื•ืจืกื ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘-ื”ืขืช 'ื‘ื™ืฆืจื•ืŸ'>
ืขืœ "ืกืคืจ ืกื•ืงื•ืœื•ื‘"

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 14 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2018

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ
ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”
ืขื•ืจืš ืื—ืจืื™: ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื’ืœืจื•ืŸึพื’ื•ืœื“ืฉืœื’ืจ

 

 

ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ