ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืื™ืจ ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ (1901โ€“1980)

<ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Abraham Meir Habermann

    ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืื™ืจ ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืจื” ื–ืณื•ืจืื‘ื ื• (Zhuravno) ื‘ื’ืœื™ืฆื™ื” (ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”) ื‘ื˜ืดื– ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืจืกืดื, 7 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1901 ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื• ืื•ืจื™ึพืคื™ื™ื‘ืœ ื•ืฉืจื” ื‘ืช ื ื—ื•ื ื‘ืจื˜ืฉืคื™ื–. ืœืžื“ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื’ืžืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1920โ€“1923 ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื•ื™ืจืฆื‘ื•ืจื’ ื•ืœื™ื™ืคืฆื™ื’ (1928) ืฉื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”. ืžึพ1923 ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืฆื•ื•ื™ืงืื• ืฉื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ืžึพ1925 ื”ื—ืœ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื‘ื—ืงืจ ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™. ืžึพ1928 ืฉื™ืžืฉ  ื›ืกืคืจืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื•ืงืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ื™ืงืื• ื•ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ. ื‘ึพ1928 ื ืฉื ืœืืฉื” ืืช ื‘ืœื”ื” ื‘ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ. ื‘ึพ1934 ืขืœื” ืืจืฆื” ื•ื ืชืžื ื” ืœืขื•ื–ืจ ืžื“ืขื™ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืขื‘ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื›ืขื•ื–ืจ ืžื“ืขื™ ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช  ื•ื›ืžื ื”ืœ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืงืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื”ื—ืœ ืžึพ1957 ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ืžืจืฆื” ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘. ืืดืž ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ ืคื™ืจืกื ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ึพื™ื“ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช, ืขืจืš ืืช ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช ืดืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืกืคืจืด, ืขืจืš ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื•ื–ื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืขื ืคื™ ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ืดื”ืืจืฅืด, ืดื“ื‘ืจืด, ื’ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืชืด, ืดืžืื–ื ื™ืืด, ืดืชืจื‘ื™ืฅืด, ืดืกื™ื ื™ืด ื•ืขื•ื“. ืืดืž ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืดื˜ ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืžืดื, 7 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1980.


ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืื™ืจ ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืŸึพื™ื”ื•ื“ื”

[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช: ืงืจืกืœ, ืชื“ื”ืจ, ืœืขืงืกื™ืงืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉืขืจ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืื˜ื•ืจ, Yiddish Leksikon, ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื•ืคืง ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”] 

 ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ื”ืžื“ืคื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื•ื ืฆื™ื ื• : ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื“ืคืกื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”ื (ื•ื™ื ื” : David Fraenkel, ืชืจืฆืดื’ 1933)
  • ื ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžื“ืคื™ืกื•ืช, ืžืกื“ืจื•ืช, ืžื•ืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœืื•ืจ ื•ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื (ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืก, ืชืจืฆืดื’ 1933)
  • ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื˜ืืจื ืืคืึธืœ ื•ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื ื“ืคืกื• ืฉื (ื•ื™ื ื” : David Fraenkel, ืชืจืฆืดื” 1935) <ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืดืขืœื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœืด ืฉื ื” ื‘ [ืชืจืฆืดื”] ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื>
  • ื’ื•ื™ืœื™ื : ืžืื” ืกืคื•ืจื™ ืื’ื“ื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืฆ. ืœื™ื ืžืŸ, ืชืฉืดื‘ 1942) <ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื™ืžืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™>
  • ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉืงืจ ื•ื”ื›ื–ื‘ ืื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืกืคืจ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื“ืคื•ืก ืดื”ืืจืฅืด, ืชืฉืดื‘ 1942) <ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื™ืžืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™> <ืžืืงืืžื”. ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื˜ืคืกื™ื>
  • ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” : ืื•, ืขื“ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ื“ ืขื ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื’ืขืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ืคื•ืก ืดื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจืด, ืชืฉืดื’ 1943) <ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื™ืžืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™. ืžืงืืžื”. ืดื”ื“ืคืกื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืณื’ื–ื™ืชืณ ื›ืจืš ื” ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื–โ€“ื—ืด>
  • ื”ื’ื ื™ื–ื” (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืดืงื•ื”ืœืชืด, ืชืฉืดื“ 1944) <ืขืœ ื’ื ื™ื–ืช ืงื”ื™ืจ>
  • ื›ื” ืœื—ื™ : ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื•ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืื—ื™ืืกืฃ, ืชืฉืดื” 1945) <ืขืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืžืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืขื ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžืืช ื™. ืงื•ื‘ืจืกืงื™>
  • ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ : ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื• (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืดืกืคืจื™ืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืชืด, ืชืฉืดื• 1946)
  • ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ื’ืื•ืœื” (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืขื ื™ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ, ื”ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืชื™, ืชืฉืดื˜ 1949) <ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื™ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™. ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ึพืžืขืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืืจืฅึพื™ืฉืจืืœ>
  • ืขื“ื” ื•ืขื“ื•ืช : ืžื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื ืžืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” / ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœืื•ืจ ืžื ื•ืงื“ื•ืช ื•ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื ื•ืกืคื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืื•ืช ื•ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ืชืฉื™ืดื‘)
  • ืฉื‘ื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื ืื’ื“ื•ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช, ืชืฉื˜ืดื– 1956) <ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื™ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™>
  • ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช, ืชืฉื™ืดื— 1958)
  • ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื‘ืฆืคืช (ืฆืคืช : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืœืืžื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืคื•ืก, ืชืฉื›ืดื‘)
  • ืขืชืจืช ืจื ื ื™ื : ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ืœืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™ื“ ื•ืกืคืจื™ ื“ืคื•ืก ื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืจื™, ืชืฉื›ืดื– 1967)
  • ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื” : ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื‘ืœ, ืกืคืจื“ ื•ืฉืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช (ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ : ืžืกื“ื”, ืชืฉืดืœ 1970)
  • ืžืกื›ืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช : ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื , ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืก, ืชืฉืœืดื– 1976)
  • ื”ืžื“ืคื™ืก ืงื•ืจื ื™ืœื™ื™ื• ืื“ื™ืœ ืงื™ื ื“ ื•ื‘ื ื• ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื•ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื ื“ืคืกื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืก, ืชืฉืดื 1980)

ืขืจื™ื›ื”:

  • ืขื•ืœืœื•ืช : ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืœื™ืฆื”, ื”ืœืฆื”, ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื“, ืืฉืจ ืืกืฃ ื•ืงื‘ืฅ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืžืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื (ืœื™ืคืกื™ื”, ืชืจืคืดื• 1926) <ื“ืคื•ืกึพืื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ึพื™ื“ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ>
  • ืชืคืœื•ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” / ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœืื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืื™ืจ ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ (ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืฉื•ืงืŸ, ืชืจืฆืดื’)
  • ืžื›ืชืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื“ืคื•ืก ืดื”ืืจืฅืด, ืชืจืฆืดื˜โ€“ืชืฉืดื‘, 1939โ€“1942) <ืืจื‘ืข ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช>
  • ื‘ืจืŸ ื™ื—ื“ : ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉื™ืจื™ ืชืคืœื” ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื’ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง, ืชืฉืดื” 1945)
  • ืขืคืขืคื™ ืฆื‘ื™ : ืžืื” ืฉื™ืจื™ ื—ืฉืง ืฉืœ ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื“ ื•ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืจื— (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืกืคืจื™ ืชืจืฉื™ืฉ, ืชืฉืดื’ 1943) <ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ืฉืœ ืงืดืŸ ื˜ืคืกื™ื>
  • ืขื ื‘ื™ ื—ืŸ : ืžืื” ืฉื™ืจื™ ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ ืกืคืจื“ ื•ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืจื— (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ืชืฉืดื’ 1943) <ืดื ื“ืคืก ... ื‘ืฉืœืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื˜ืคืกื™ืืด>
  • ืกืชื•ืžื™ื ื•ื—ืชื•ืžื™ื : ืžืื” ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื—ืกืจ ืื—ืช ืžืืช ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ื”ื (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ืชืฉืดื” 1945)
  • ืžึดืฉืึฐืœึตื™ ืฉึปืืขึธืœึดื™ื / ืœึฐืจึทื‘ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึถืจึถื›ึฐื™ึธื” ื”ึทื ึผึทืงึฐื“ึผึธืŸ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืฉื•ืงืŸ, ืชืฉืดื•)
  • ืกืคืจ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืืฉื›ื ื– ื•ืฆืจืคืช : ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืกืขื™ ื”ืฆืœื‘ ื•ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ื”ื / ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™ื“ ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื. ืž. ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืกืคืจื™ ืชืจืฉื™ืฉ, ืชืฉืดื•) <ืขื ืžื‘ื•ื ืžืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืขืจ>
  • ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืงืจืื™ื (ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื” : ืกืคืจื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ, ืชืฉืดื– 1947)
  • ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ : ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™ื“ ื•ืกืคืจื™ ื“ืคื•ืก ืขืชื™ืงื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง, ืชืฉืดื— 1948)
  • ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืžื ื•ืืœ / ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœืื•ืจ ื‘ืฆืจื•ืฃ ืžื‘ื•ื, ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื. ืž. ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ (ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ืชืฉืดื•โ€“[ืชืฉืดื™]) <ื‘ืฉืขืจ: ืชืฉืดื•. ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ื“ื™ืจ ืดืขื ื”ืกืคืจืด (ืขืž' 1015) ื—ืชื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ื• ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืดื˜. ืืš ืœืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืดืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื”ืด ื—ืœืง ื‘, ืจืžืช-ื’ืŸ (1972), ืขืž' 55, ื ื“ืคืกื” ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืชืฉืดื•-ืชืฉืดื™>
  • ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ / ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืŸ ื—ืกื“ืื™ (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง, ืชืฉื™ืดื 1950)
  • ืžื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” : ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœืื•ืจ ืžื ื•ืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžื‘ื•ื ื›ืœืœื™, ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช, ืคืจื•ืฉื™ื, ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ืงื•ื ืงื•ืจื“ื ืฆื™ื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ืชืฉื™ืดื˜ 1959)
  • ืžื‘ื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช / ืขืจื•ืš ื•ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืื“ื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืžืื™ืจ ื•ื™ื ืจ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืก, 1963โ€“1965) <ื—ืœืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืžืงื•ืฆืจืช, ืžืชื•ืงื ืช ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ื. ืž. ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ; ื—ืœืง ืฉื ื™ โ€“ ืืกืฃ ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื. ืž. ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ>

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:

ืกืคืจื™ื:
  • ืฉื™ ืœื”ื™ืžืŸ : ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืžื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืœืืดืž ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ (ื”ื™ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™) ื‘ืžืœืื•ืช ืœื• ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื” / ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ืขืจืš ืฆื‘ื™ ืžืœืื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื” ื“ื•ื“ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืก ; ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขืดืฉ ื‘ืดืฆ ื›ืฅ, ืชืฉืœืดื– 1977)
    ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ:
  • ื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ืžืŸ : ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืžืืžืจื™ื ืœื–ื›ืจ ืืดืž ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ / ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืฆื‘ื™ ืžืœืื›ื™ (ืœื•ื“ : ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจื™ ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืฉื“ืžืดืช [ืชืฉืžืดื“] 1983)
    ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ:
    • ืงืจืกืœ, ื’. ืกืคืจื™ ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื.  ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžืฉื, ื™ืดื ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืžืดื“, 13 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1984, ืขืžืณ 18 <ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืจืื‘ื™ื“ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ (ืดื”ื’ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืฉื”ืด) ื•ืืดืž ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ (ืดื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ืžืŸืด).  ื ื“ืคืก ื’ื ื‘ืณื”ื“ื•ืืจืณ, ืฉื ื” 63, ื’ืœืณ ื›ืดื‘ (ื™ืดื ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืžืดื“, 13 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1984), ืขืžืณ 361โ€“362>
ืžืืžืจื™ื:
  • ืงื‘ืงื•ื‘, ื™ืขืงื‘.  ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืื™ืจ ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ ื–ืดืœ : ืœืจื’ืœ ืžืœืื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืœืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•.  ื”ื“ื•ืืจ, ืฉื ื” 60, ื’ืœืณ ื™ืณ (ื™ืดื ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืžืดื, 16 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1981), ืขืžืณ 151โ€“152.
  • ืงื‘ืงื•ื‘, ื™ืขืงื‘. ื. ืž. ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ โ€“ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจ ื•ื”ืื“ื : ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•. ื”ื“ื•ืืจ, ืฉื ื” 61, ื’ืœืณ ื–ืณ (ื›ืดื‘ ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืžืดื‘, 18 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1981), ืขืžืณ 101โ€“102.
  • ืงืจืกืœ, ื’ืฆืœ.  ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืดืž ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ (ืขื ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•).  ื”ืืจืฅ, ื™ืดื‘ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืžืดื, 19 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1980, ืขืžืณ 18.
ืขืœ ืดืขื“ื” ื•ืขื“ื•ืชืด
  • ื–ืœื™ื’ืžืŸ, ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืจื™ื”.  ืขื“ื” ื•ืขื“ื•ืช.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ืณ ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉื™ืดื‘, 15 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 1952, ืขืžืณ 3. 
ืขืœ ืดืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื”ืด ืขืœ ืดืžืกื›ืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ืกื•ืคืจื™ืืด
  • ื‘ื™ืจื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ืคืœื˜ื™ืืœ. ืžืกื›ืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช ืœื“ืดืจ ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ. ื”ื“ื•ืืจ, ืฉื ื” 56, ื’ืœืณ ืœืดื (ืืณ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืœืดื–, 17 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 1977), ืขืžืณ 514โ€“515.
ืขืœ ืดื”ืžื“ืคื™ืก ืงื•ืจื ื™ืœื™ื™ื• ืื“ื™ืœ ืงื™ื ื“ ื•ื‘ื ื• ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื•ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื ื“ืคืกื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”ืืด
  • ืงืจืกืœ, ื’ืฆืœ.  ืืดืž ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ โ€“ ื—ื•ืงืจื ืฉืœ ืžื“ืคื™ืกื™ื.  ื”ืฆื•ืคื”, ื™ืดื‘ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืžืดื, 19 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1980, ืขืžืณ 4 <ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืณื”ื“ื•ืืจืณ, ืฉื ื” 60, ื’ืœืณ ื™ืณ (ื™ืดื ื‘ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืžืดื, 16 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1981), ืขืžืณ 156>

ืขืœืดืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืžื ื•ืืœืด ืขืœ ืดื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืœืš ื•ื”ื ื–ื™ืจืด ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืŸ ื—ืกื“ืื™
ืขืœ ืดืžื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”ืด
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

OpenLibrary โ€“ OL132671A Wikidata โ€“ Q2874499 NLI โ€“ 987007262384805171 LC โ€“ n81100972 VIAF โ€“ 67791389
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 3 ื‘ืžืื™ 2025

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