ื™ืขืงื‘ ืงื‘ืงื•ื‘ (1918โ€“2008)

<ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Jacob Kabakoff

    ื™ืขืงื‘ ืงื‘ืงื•ื‘ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื ื™ื•ึพื™ื•ืจืง ื‘ื–ืณ ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืจืขืดื—, 20 ื‘ืžืืจืก 1918 ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื’ืจื• ืžืจื•ืกื™ื”. ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ึพืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ืœืžื“ ื‘ึพYeshiva University ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืžื•ื“ ืืœื™ื”, ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื• ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ื•ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ึพJewish Theological Seminary ื‘ื ื™ื•ึพื™ื•ืจืง, ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืดื—ืœื•ืฆื™ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”ืด ื‘ื”ื“ืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืœืœ ื‘ื‘ืœื™. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1950โ€“1952 ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืžึพ1952 ืขื“ 1968 ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ืงืืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื™ื‘ืœื ื“. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืœื”ืžืŸ ืงื•ืœื’ืณ ืฉืœื™ื“ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื•ึพื™ื•ืจืง ืขื“ ืคืจื™ืฉืชื• ืœื’ืžืœืื•ืช ื‘ึพ1986. ื”ื•ื ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื•ึพื™ื•ืจืง ื‘ื›ืณ ื‘ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืกืดื˜, 17 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2008.
    ืžื ืขื•ืจื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื™ืขืงื‘ ืงื‘ืงื•ื‘ ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืชึพื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื”, ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื›ืชื‘ื™ึพื”ืขืช ืฉืœื”. ืžืฉื ืช 1936 ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ึพื”ืขืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื‘ื ื™ื•ึพื™ื•ืจืง (ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื™ื‘, ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื•ื‘ืฆืจื•ืŸ). ื‘ึพ1936 ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ืดื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืด ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืขืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื” ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ืื•ืชื• ืขืฉื•ืจ. ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ื•ื’ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™, ืืš ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืœื‘ืฉื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื• ืื•ืคื™ ืขื™ื•ื ื™, ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ึพืžื—ืงืจื™, ืขื“ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืชื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžืื– ืจืืฉื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืชืฉืขึพืขืฉืจื” ื•ืขื“ ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื. ื›ืชื™ื‘ืชื• ื ืกืžื›ืช ืขืœ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืงืฆืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื, ืžืกืคืจื™ื, ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื. ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืืœื” ื›ื•ื ืก ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื• ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” (1966) ื•ืฉื•ื—ืจื™ื ื•ื ืืžื ื™ื (1978). ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื’ื™ืœื” ืงื‘ืงื•ื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืคืชืœื™ ื”ืจืฅ ืื™ืžื‘ืจ, ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืชื• ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื ืก ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื• ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ Master of Hope (1985), ื•ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืžื•ื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœืžื”, ื ืคืชืœื™ ื”ืจืฅ ืื™ืžื‘ืจ ืดื‘ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื•ื”ืด (1991), ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื’ื ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ึพื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 1977โ€“1988 ืฉื ื™ืึพืขืฉืจ ื›ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ (Jewish Book Annual), ืคืจืกื•ื ื“ื•ึพืœืฉื•ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื• ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื›ื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ืœืจื’ืœ ืžืœืืช ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ืœื™ื™ืกื•ื“ื• (ืชืฉืžืดื‘).

[ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื‘ื ืจ ื”ื•ืœืฆืžืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื]
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ืงืจืกืœ, Jewish Virtual Library]

ื ืฉ, ืฉืœืžื” (ืžืจืื™ื™ืŸ). ืดื™ืขืงื‘ ืงื‘ืงื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”ืด. ืžึดื’ื•ื•ืŸ: ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ืงื‘ืงื•ื‘. ืขื•ืจืš ืฉืœืžื” ื ืฉ. ืœื•ื“: ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจื™ ืกืคืจื•ืช. ืชืฉืžืดื—. 497โ€“504.
ืคืœืื™, ืžืฉื”. ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”: 80 ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ืชืœึพืื‘ื™ื‘: ืจืฉืคื™ื. 1998. ืœืคื™ ืžืคืชื— ื”ืฉืžื•ืช.

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” : ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื•ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ; ืงืœื™ื‘ืœื ื“ : ื™ื‘ื ื” : ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช, ืชืฉื›ืดื– 1966)
    ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
  • ืฉื•ื—ืจื™ื ื•ื ืืžื ื™ื : ืžืกื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืก, ืชืฉืœืดื— 1978)
  • ื™ื“ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืคื™ืœื˜ืฉ (ื ื™ื•ึพื™ื•ืจืง : ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืชืฉื ืดื 1990) <ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขืžื™ืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ืฉ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื>
  • ื ืคืชืœื™ ื”ืจืฅ ืื™ืžื‘ืจ ืณื‘ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื•ื”ืณ (ืœื•ื“ : ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจื™ ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืชืฉื ืดื) <ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื“ืคื•ืก โ€“ ืจื—ืœ ืœื•ืจื ืฅ>
ืขืจื™ื›ื”:
  • ืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื•ืืจ : ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืžืืžืจื™ื ืœื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืฉื™ื ืชืจืคืดื‘โ€“ืชืฉืžืดื‘ (ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง : ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ืชืฉืžืดื‘ 1982) <ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืง. ืžื™ืงืœื™ืฉื ืกืงื™>
  • Master of hope : selected writings of Naphtali Herz Imber / edited by Jacob Kabakoff (New York : Herzl Press ; Madison, N.J. : Fairleigh Dicinson University Press, 1985)
ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:
ืกืคืจื™ื:
  • ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ : ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื™ื : ืžื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ืงื‘ืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืœืืช ืœื• ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” / ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ืขืจืš ืฉืœืžื” ื ืฉ (ืœื•ื“ : ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจืžืŸ, ืชืฉืžืดื—) <ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืงื‘ืงื•ื‘>
    ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
ืขืœ ืดื—ืœื•ืฆื™ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”ืด ืขืœ ืดืฉื•ื—ืจื™ื ื•ื ืืžื ื™ืืด
  • ื‘ื™ืจื ื‘ื•ื™ื, ืคืœื˜ื™ืืœ.  ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืžืกื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”.  ื‘ืฆืจื•ืŸ, ื›ืจืš ื, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ 1โ€“2 (332โ€“333) (ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืœืดื˜, ืืคืจื™ืœ 1979), ืขืžืณ 75โ€“76, 77.
  • ื‘ื›ืจืš, ืงืœืžืŸ.  ืžื–ื™ื’ื” ืกื’ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืงื•ื‘.  ื”ื“ื•ืืจ, ืฉื ื” 57, ื’ืœืณ ืœืดื” (ื—ืณ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉืœืดื—, 11 ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1978), ืขืžืณ 592.
  • ืžืจื’ืœื™ืช, ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขืœ ืฉื•ื—ืจื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ื ืืžื ื™ื”. ื”ื“ื•ืืจ, ืฉื ื” 57, ื’ืœืณ ืœืดื“ (ื›ืดื’ ื‘ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืœืดื—, 28 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1978), ืขืžืณ 573โ€“574.
  • ืคืœืื™, ืžืฉื”.  ื”ืกื™ืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” โ€“ ืื– ื•ืขืชื”.  ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื›ืจืš 39, ื—ื•ื‘ืณ ืืณ (ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืดื, ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1979), ืขืžืณ 41โ€“43.
  • ืงืจืกืœ, ื’.  ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.  ืžืื–ื ื™ื, ื›ืจืš ืžืดื—, ื’ืœืณ 1 (ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืœืดื˜, ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1978), ืขืžืณ 70โ€“71.
ืขืœ Master of Hope : selected writings of Naphtali Herz Imber
  • ืงืจืกืœ, ื’. ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื”.  ืžืขืจื™ื‘, ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืืžื ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืืณ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืžืดื•, 13 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 1985, ืขืžืณ 27, 28.
ืขืœ ืดื ืคืชืœื™ ื”ืจืฅ ืื™ืžื‘ืจ ืณื‘ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื•ื”ืณ
  • ื”ื•ืœืฆืžืŸ, ืื‘ื ืจ.  ืื™ืžื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืชื•ืช ื”ื”ืžื ื•ืŸ.  ื”ืืจืฅ, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช, ืืณ ื‘ืื‘ ืชืฉื ืดื, 12 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 1991, ืขืžืณ
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