ื™ืฆื—ืง ื–ื™ืœื‘ืจืฉืœื’ (1903โ€“1988)

 <ื‘ื”ื›ื ื”>

Eisig Silberschlag

     ื™ืฆื—ืง (ืื™ื™ื–ื™ืง) ื–ื™ืœื‘ืจืฉืœืื’, ืžืฉื•ืจืจ, ืžืกืื™ ื•ืžืชืจื’ื, ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื˜ืณ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืจืกืดื’, 8 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1903 ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืกึฐื˜ึฐืจึดื™ ืฉื‘ื’ืœื™ืฆื™ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ืกืคื’ ืžื™ืœื“ื•ืชื• ืืช ืฉืœืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืฉืจืจื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจืฅ. ื‘ื’ื™ืžื ืกื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืฉืคื•ืช ื”ืงืœืกื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื•ื”ืคื ื™ื ืืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืืชื•ืก ืฉืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืชื”, ืฉื ื™ื›ืจื• ืœื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื•: ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื ืขื•ืจื™ื, ื–ื™ืงื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืœื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืœื”ื ืื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืœื”ื’ืฉืžื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช.
    ื‘-1920 ื”ื™ื’ืจ ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ืžืฆื ืืช ืžื—ื™ื™ืชื• ื›ืคื•ืขืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜. ื‘-1925 ื—ื–ืจ ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื•ื™ื ื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ืชืขืžืง ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืกืคืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ืขืฉื•ืจ, ื•ืž-1930 ืขื“ 1932 ืœื™ืžื“ ื‘ืกืžื™ื ืจื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง. ื‘-1933 ืขื‘ืจ ืœืœืžื“ ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ื–ื” ื•ืž-1947 ืขื“ 1968 ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ืงืืŸ ืฉืœื• ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื›ื ืฉื™ืื• ืขื“ ืœืคืจื™ืฉืชื• ื‘-1970. ืž-1973 ืขื“ 1978 ืœื™ืžื“ ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื˜ืงืกืก ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ื™ืŸ, ื•ื ืฉืืจ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืขื“ ื™ื•ืžื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ. ื‘ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช. ื–ื™ืœื‘ืจืฉืœื’ ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ื™ืŸ, ื˜ืงืกืก, ื‘ื™ืดื˜ ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืžืดื˜, 30 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 1988 ื•ื ื˜ืžืŸ ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื.
    ืื—ืจื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ ื ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืœื ื™ืช ืคื ื” ื–ื™ืœื‘ืจืฉืœื’ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช. ืฉื™ืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘-1925 ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ืืจ, ื•ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉื™ืจื™ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืจืื” ืื•ืจ ื‘-1931. ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืจื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ืกืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช ืขื ืดืกื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื”ืด ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžื–ื” ื•ืขื ื—ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ืฉืชืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžื–ื”, ื‘ืœื˜ ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื–ื™ืœื‘ืจืฉืœื’ ื‘ืื•ืคื™ื• ื”ืงืœื™ืœ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉื ื™. ื–ื• ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื™ืจื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ื’ื’ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื” ื”ื”ื™ืงืกืžื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืึถืจื•ืก, ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ืฆื“ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™. ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ ื–ื™ืœื‘ืจืฉืœื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืฆืืฆื ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืฉืœ ืดืžืกื•ืจืช ื˜ืฉืจื ื™ื—ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ืด ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช.
    ืงื• ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ื•ื”ืชืขืฆื ื‘ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื™ื• (ืขึฒืœึตื”, ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื™ืจ, 1947; ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื™ืžึทื™, 1959; ืื™ื’ืจื•ืชื™ ืืœ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื, 1971; ื™ืฉ ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืจื™ืช, 1976; ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื™ืฉื•ืช, 1982), ืื•ืœื ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชืขืฉืจื” ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื›ืชืžื™ื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ืื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืชืžืฆื™ืชื™ืช ืฉื›ืžื•ื” ื›ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื—ื•ื›ืžื”, ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกืื˜ื™ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืจืคืงื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื™ื“ื ื™ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืชืžื™ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื™ืจื™ ืชื”ื™ืœื” ืœืฉืœืžื” ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืœ ื•ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืœื•ื™, ืฉื™ืจื™ ื–ืงื ื” ื•ืžื—ืœื”, ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ืกืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืกืคื’ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื•, ื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ื•ืคื™ื” ื•ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”. ื–ื• ืฉื™ืจื” ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื” ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ ื”ืงื“ื•ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื™ืชืžื•ืก ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™. ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืฆืœื™ืœ ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืœืฆื™ืจื•ืคื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžืœื•ื˜ืฉื™ื.
    ื›ืžืชืจื’ื ื”ืชืžืกืจ ื–ื™ืœื‘ืจืฉืœื’ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื“ืจืžื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืชืจื’ื ืœืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืคื ืก ื•ืืช ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ืื ื“ืจื•ืก, ื•ื–ื›ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืคืจืก ื˜ืฉืจื ื™ื—ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ืœืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ ืžื•ืคืช (1951). ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืžืกื•ืชื™ื• ืชื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ืชื”ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” (1938) ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื–ื™ืงืชื• ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืœืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ื•ื“ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ืฆืจืคืชื™ื (ื‘ื•ื“ืœืจ, ื•ืืœืจื™), ืื ื’ืœื™ื (ืืœื™ื•ื˜, ื™ื™ื˜ืก) ื•ื’ืจืžื ื™ื (ื”ื•ืคืžื ืกื˜ืืœ, ืจื™ืœืงื”, ื’ื™ืื•ืจื’ื”). ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืขืœ ืฉืื•ืœ ื˜ืฉืจื ื™ื—ื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืœื‘ื• (1968), ื•ืกืคืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื›ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืกืคืจื“ ื•ืขื“ 1970 (From Renaissance to Renaissance, 1973).

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืื‘ื ืจ ื”ื•ืœืฆืžืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงืกื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกืคืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช 
[ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ืงืจืกืœ, ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื’ืฆืœ ืงืจืกืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”]
[ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืžื ื—ื ืจื•ื˜ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืขืจืš ื–ื”]

ืกืคืจื™ื•:

  • ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง : ืขื•ื’ืŸ, ืชืจืฆืดื)
  • ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืœื•ื™ : ืคื•ืื™ืžื” (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื’ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืชืจืฆืดื”)
  • ืชื”ื™ื” ื•ืชื—ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” : ืžืกื•ืช (ื•ืจืฉื” : ืืดื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ, ืชืจืฆืดื—)
  • ืžืคื™ ื›ื•ืฉื™ื (ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ืชืจืฆืดื—) <ืชื“ืคื™ืก ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืดืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืืžืจื™ืงื”ืด>
  • ืขืœื”, ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืฉื™ืจ (ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ; ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ : ืขื•ื’ืŸ : ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœืžื•ืจื™ื, ืชืฉืดื– 1946)
  • ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจ, ืชืฉื™ืดื˜)
  • ืื’ืจื•ืชื™ ืืœ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจ, 1971)
  • From renaissance to renaissance : Hebrew literature from 1492-1970 (New York : Ktav Publishing House, 1973-1977) <volume 2: Hebrew literature in the Land of Israel, 1870-1970>
  • ื™ืฉ ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืจื™ืช : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจ, ืชืฉืœืดื• 1976) <ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื ืžืฉื™ืจืช ื ื™ืจื•ื“ื”>
  • ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื™ืฉื•ืช : ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืก, ืชืฉืžืดื‘)

ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื:

  • ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” / ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื•ืก ืกื™ืœื ื˜ื™ืืจื™ื•ืก (ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง : ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ืชืฉืดื”)
  • ื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื™ืงื” : ื˜ืจืื’ื“ื™ื” ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช / ืžืืช ืงืืจืœ ื“ื™ ื”ืื– (ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง : ืžื•ืกื“ ื’ื•ืกืœืื‘ื” ื•ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื˜ื™ื‘ืœ, ืชืฉืดื• 1945)
  • ืคืœื•ื˜ื•ืก / ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืคื ืก (ืชืœ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื‘ื™ืจ, ืชืฉื™ืดื 1951)
  • ืฆืคืจื™ื / ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืคื ืก (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื‘ื™ืจ, ืชืฉื™ืดื 1951)
  • ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื•ืช : ืฆืคืจื™ื ; ืคืœื•ื˜ื•ืก ; ืœื™ืกื™ืกื˜ืจื˜ื™ / ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืคื ืก (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ื“ื‘ื™ืจ, ืชืฉื™ืดื 1951)
  • ืขื ื ื™ื : ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” / ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืคื ื™ืก (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืกื“ื”, ืชืฉื™ืดื˜)
  • ืฆืคืจื“ืขื™ื : ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” / ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืคื ืก (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืกื“ื”, ืชืฉื™ืดื˜)
  • ืฉื™ืจื™ ืื”ื‘ื” / ืคื•ืœื•ืก ืกื™ืœื ืฆืจื™ื•ืก (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืกืคืจื•ืช, ืชืฉื›ืดื‘)
  • ืื—ืช ืขืฉืจื” ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื•ืช / ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืคื ืก (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื - ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ : ืžืกื“ื”, ืชืฉื›ืดื– 1967)
    ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ: ื›ืจืš ื. ืื›ืจื ื™ื™ื -- ืคืจืฉื™ื -- ืขื ื™ื™ื -- ืฆืจืขื•ืช -- ืฉืœื•ื โ€“ ืฆืคืจื™ื. ื›ืจืš ื‘. ืœื™ืกื™ืกื˜ืจื˜ื™ -- ืชืกืžื•ืคื•ืจื ื™ื•ืช -- ืฆืคืจื“ืขื™ื -- ืงื”ืœื ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืคืœื•ื˜ื•ืก.
  • ื—ืžืฉื” ืžื—ื–ื•ืช / ืžื™ื ื ื“ืจื•ืก (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื : ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ื™ืืœื™ืง, ืชืฉืžืดื” 1985)
    ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืช: ืงืฉื”-ืœื‘ - ื‘ืช-ืกืžื•ืก - ืžืชื‘ื•ืจืจื™ื - ืžื’ืŸ - ื’ื–ื•ื–ืช-ืฉืขืจ.

ืขืจื™ื›ื”:

ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•:

ืขืœ ืดืงื•ืžื“ื™ื•ืช ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืคืื ืกืด
ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื:

OpenLibrary โ€“ OL1306442A Wikidata โ€“ Q21789556 J9U โ€“ 987007302519705171 NLI โ€“ 000242283 LC โ€“ n50024916 VIAF โ€“ 75094476
ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”: 2 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2022

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ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ

 

ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื•

 

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื

 

 

ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ