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ǁKaras Region, Namibiai
Regional Level Types
ǁKaras RegionRegion
NamibiaCountry

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05843110017272059244869.jpg
View of the Lüderitz diamond mining area, in 1910.

ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
09875580017272059241046.jpg
Oblique landsat image of Roter Kamm meteorite impact crater

Roter Kamm Crater, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
01816570017272059257397.jpg
Lüderitz beach digging for "desert roses"

Lüderitz, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
05843110017272059244869.jpg
View of the Lüderitz diamond mining area, in 1910.

ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
09875580017272059241046.jpg
Oblique landsat image of Roter Kamm meteorite impact crater

Roter Kamm Crater, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
01816570017272059257397.jpg
Lüderitz beach digging for "desert roses"

Lüderitz, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
06269200017272059252176.jpg
View of the Lüderitz diamond mining area, in 1910.

ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
09875580017272059241046.jpg
Oblique landsat image of Roter Kamm meteorite impact crater

Roter Kamm Crater, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
Neighbouring regions:
Northern Cape, South Africa
Hardap Region, Namibia
Type:
Region
Largest Settlements:
PlacePopulation
Keetmanshoop15,608 (2012)
Lüderitz15,137 (2018)
Bethanie10,363 (2012)
Oranjemund8,496 (2014)
Warmbad6,700 (2012)
Karasburg6,054 (2013)
Mindat Locality ID:
29109
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:29109:4
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
!Karas Region
Other Languages:
View 41 more...
Afrikaans:
Karas, Namibië
French:
Karas, Namibie
German:
ǁKaras, Namibia
Italian:
regione di Karas, Namibia
Russian:
Карас, Намибия
Simplified Chinese:
卡拉斯區, 纳米比亚
Spanish:
Karas, Namibia
Arabic:
إقليم كاراس, ناميبيا
Bengali:
কারাস অঞ্চল, নামিবিয়া
Bulgarian:
Карас, Намибия
Catalan:
Karas, Namíbia
Cebuano:
Karas, Namibya
Croatian:
Karas, Namibija
Danish:
Karas Region, Namibia
Dutch:
Karas, Namibië
Esperanto:
Karas-regiono, Namibio
Estonian:
Karasi ringkond, Namiibia
Faroese:
ǁKaras, Namibia
Farsi/Persian:
منطقه کاراس, نامیبیا
Finnish:
Karas, Namibia
Georgian:
კარასის რეგიონი, ნამიბია
Greek:
Καράς, Ναμίμπια
Gujarati:
કરાસ પ્રાંત, નામીબિયા
Hindi:
कारास प्रदेश, नामीबिया
Indonesian:
Wilayah Karas, Namibia
Japanese:
カラス州, ナミビア
Kannada:
ಕರಾಸ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶ, ನಮೀಬಿಯ
Korean:
카라스주, 나미비아
Latvian:
Karasas reģions, Namībija
Lithuanian:
Karaso regionas, Namibija
Malay:
Karas Region, Namibia
Marathi:
करस प्रदेश, नामिबिया
Northern Frisian:
ǁKaras, Namiibia
Norwegian:
Karas, Namibia
Polish:
Karas, Namibia
Portuguese:
Karas, Namíbia
Romanian:
Regiunea Karas, Namibia
Sinhalese:
කරස් කලාපය, නැම්බියාව
Swahili:
Mkoa wa Karas, Namibia
Swedish:
Karas , Namibia
Tamil:
கரஸ் பகுதி, நமீபியா
Telugu:
కారస్ జిల్లా, నమీబియా
Thai:
คาราส, ประเทศนามิเบีย
Turkish:
Karas, Namibya
Ukrainian:
Карас, Намібія
Urdu:
کراس ریجن، نمبیا, نمیبیا
Vietnamese:
Khu vực Karas, Namibia
Western Punjabi:
صوبہ کراس, نمیبیا


Formerly Bethanie District.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

181 valid minerals. 3 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals. 3 erroneous literature entries.

Rock Types Recorded


Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Acanthite
Formula: Ag2S
ⓘ Actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Aegirine-augite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
ⓘ Aenigmatite
Formula: Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
ⓘ Alabandite
Formula: MnS
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region.
ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase
Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ 'Alkali pyroxene'
ⓘ Almandine
Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Alstonite
Formula: BaCa(CO3)2
ⓘ Alunite
Formula: KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘ Amblygonite
Formula: LiAl(PO4)F
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5(T8O22)W2
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
ⓘ Anatase
Formula: TiO2
Description: Anatase as small black dipyramidal micro-crystals was noted on & included in quartz specimens from Hartebeestmund.
ⓘ Andradite
Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Andradite var. Melanite
Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
References:
Jour Pet 39:2123-2136.
Jackson, M.P.A. 1976. High-grade metamorphism and migmatization of the Namaqua metamorphic complex around Aus in the southern Namib Desert, South West Africa. Bulletin, University of Cape Town, Department of Geology, Chamber of Mines Precambrian Research Unit, 18.
Cooper, A. F. (1988). Geology of Dicker Willem, a subvolcanic carbonatite complex in South-West Africa.
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., Harmer, R. E. (1990) Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127 (5) 427-433 doi:10.1017/s001675680001517x
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458 doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Cooper, A. F., Reid, D. L. (1991) Textural evidence for calcite carbonatite magmas, Dicker Willem, southwest Namibia. Geology, 19 (12). 1193-1196 doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<1193:tefccm>2.3.co;2
Reid, David L., Cooper, Alan F. (1992) Oxygen and carbon isotope patterns in the Dicker Willem carbonatite complex, southern Namibia. Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience section, 94 (4). 293-305 doi:10.1016/0168-9622(92)90004-t
Cooper, A. F., Reid, D. L. (1998) Nepheline Sovites as Parental Magmas in Carbonatite Complexes: Evidence from Dicker Willem, Southwest Namibia. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11) 2123-2136 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2123
ⓘ Anglesite
Formula: PbSO4
ⓘ Anhydrite
Formula: CaSO4
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3A
Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.
ⓘ Arfvedsonite
Formula: NaNa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
ⓘ Astrophyllite
Formula: K2NaFe2+7Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
References:
Verwoerd, W. J. (1967). The carbonatites of South Africa and South West Africa. Government Printer, South Africa., 6.
Marsh, J. S. (1975) The Luderitz alkaline province, South West Africa. II. Metasomatism and assimilation in the contact aureole of the Granitberg foyaite complex. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 78. 225-233 doi:10.10520/EJC-1ac87e579d
Marsh, Julian Saville (1975) Aenigmatite stability in silica-undersaturated rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 50 (2) 135-144 doi:10.1007/bf00373333
Marsh, J. S. (1975) The Luderitz alkaline province, South West Africa. II. Metasomatism and assimilation in the contact aureole of the Granitberg foyaite complex. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 78. 225-233 doi:10.10520/EJC-1ac87e579d
Marsh, Julian Saville (1975) Aenigmatite stability in silica-undersaturated rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 50 (2) 135-144 doi:10.1007/bf00373333
ⓘ Atacamite
Formula: Cu2(OH)3Cl
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘ Aurichalcite
Formula: (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
ⓘ Azurite
Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
ⓘ Baddeleyite
Formula: ZrO2
Description: Small crystals come from a dolomite south of Luderitz.
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.
Habit: Tabular crystals - amber-orange to 4cm, yellow to 1cm
Colour: Amber-orange, yellow
Description: Aesthetic crystals were collected early in 1989 although the mine was exploited since 1969. Baryte is a rich golden orange colour, large crystals over 4cm long are arranged in radiating sprays up to 30cm diameter. The finest specimens have baryte on matrix. Some floater specimens are composed of complete 360° discs similar to aztec suns.
ⓘ Barytocalcite
Formula: BaCa(CO3)2
ⓘ 'Bastnäsite'
Formula: (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
ⓘ Bavenite
Formula: Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
ⓘ Benstonite
Formula: Ba6Ca6Mg(CO3)13
Habit: rhombohedral
Colour: white
Description: Associated with baryte, barytocalcite, norsethite & witherite, also on marcasite.
ⓘ Bertrandite
Formula: Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2
ⓘ Beryl
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Localities: Reported from at least 20 localities in this region.
ⓘ Bismite
Formula: Bi2O3
ⓘ Bismuthinite
Formula: Bi2S3
ⓘ Bismutite
Formula: (BiO)2CO3
ⓘ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Brochantite
Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
ⓘ Brookite
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Brookite var. Niobium-bearing Brookite
Formula: (Ti,Nb,Fe)O2
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
Localities: Reported from at least 17 localities in this region.
ⓘ Cancrinite
Formula: (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘ Cassiterite
Formula: SnO2
ⓘ Celsian
Formula: Ba(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘ Cerussite
Formula: PbCO3
ⓘ Chalcanthite
Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O
ⓘ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
ⓘ Chalcophanite
Formula: ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
ⓘ Chamosite
Formula: Fe2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Description: Associated with quartz confirmed by X-Ray diffraction, as seen in an Alan Fraser specimen/collection on FB.
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
ⓘ Chromite
Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4
ⓘ Chrysoberyl
Formula: BeAl2O4
ⓘ Chrysocolla
Formula: Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
ⓘ Churchite-(Y)
Formula: Y(PO4) · 2H2O
ⓘ 'Clinochrysotile'
Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘ Clinozoisite
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'
ⓘ 'Columbite-Tantalite'
ⓘ Cordierite
Formula: Mg2Al4Si5O18
ⓘ Coronadite
Formula: Pb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16
Description: Previously identified as romanechite, but Raman, powder X-ray diffraction and EDS are coronadite.
ⓘ Corundum
Formula: Al2O3
ⓘ Covellite
Formula: CuS
ⓘ 'Crossite'
ⓘ Cubanite
Formula: CuFe2S3
ⓘ Cuprite
Formula: Cu2O
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
ⓘ Cyrilovite
Formula: NaFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Delafossite
Formula: Cu+Fe3+O2
ⓘ 'Desert Rose'
ⓘ Diamond
Formula: C
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
ⓘ Digenite
Formula: Cu9S5
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside
Formula: Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
References:
Verwoerd, W. J. (1967). The carbonatites of South Africa and South West Africa. Government Printer, South Africa., 6.
JANSE, A. A. (1969). Gross Brukkaros, a probable carbonatite volcano in the Nama Plateau of Southwest Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80(4), 573-586. doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[573:GBAPCV]2.0.CO
Janse, A. J. A. (1971). Monticellite bearing porphyritic peridotite from Gross Brukkaros, South West Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 74(2), 45-55. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_322
Allsopp, H. L., & Barrett, D. R. (1975). Rb–Sr age determinations on South African kimberlite pipes. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 605-617). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50044-4
Ferguson, J., Martin, H., Nicolaysen, L. O., & Danchin, R. V. (1975). Gross Brukkaros: a kimberlite–carbonatite volcano. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 219-234). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50021-3
Janse, A. J. A. (1975). Kimberlite and related rocks from the Nama Plateau of South-West Africa. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 81-94). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50012-2
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458 doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., Harmer, R. E. (1990) Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127 (5) 427-433 doi:10.1017/s001675680001517x
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Stanistreet, I. G. (1994). Gross Brukkaros (Namibia)—An enigmatic crater-fill reinterpreted as due to Cretaceous caldera evolution. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(5), 386-397. doi.org/10.1007/BF00326464
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Brey, G. (1995). Carbonatite magmatism and fenitization of the epiclastic caldera-fill at Gross Brukkaros (Namibia). Bulletin of volcanology, 57(3), 185-196. doi.org/10.1007/BF00265038
Kurszlaukis, S., & Franz, L. (1997). Phase petrology, geochemistry and evolution of the ultrabasic-carbonatitic Blue Hills Complex (southern Namibia). GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA, 38(1), 50-68.
Lorenz, V., & Kurszlaukis, S. (1997). On the last explosions of carbonatite pipe G3b, Gross Brukkaros, Namibia. Bulletin of Volcanology, 59(1), 1-9. doi.org/10.1007/s004450050170
ⓘ Dioptase
Formula: CuSiO3 · H2O
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.
ⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing Dolomite
Formula: Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
ⓘ Dumortierite
Formula: Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)
ⓘ Edenite
Formula: NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.
ⓘ Eucryptite
Formula: LiAlSiO4
ⓘ Eudialyte
Formula: Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
ⓘ 'Eudialyte Group'
Formula: [N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1.1)M(1.2)]3[M(2.1)M(2.2)M(2.3)]3-6[M(3)M(4)]Z3[Si24O72]Θ4X(1)X(2)
ⓘ 'Eudialyte Group var. Eucolite'
Formula: [N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1.1)M(1.2)]3[M(2.1)M(2.2)M(2.3)]3-6[M(3)M(4)]Z3[Si24O72]Θ4X(1)X(2)
ⓘ Fayalite
Formula: Fe2+2(SiO4)
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
Localities: Reported from at least 15 localities in this region.
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'
ⓘ Ferro-ferri-katophorite
Formula: Na(NaCa)(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
ⓘ 'Ferro-ferri-taramite' ?
Formula: Na(CaNa)(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Description: Taramite is listed as occurring at Marinkas Kwela in several articles. The taramite root-name group was redefined in th e2012 nomenclature and the pre-2012 taramite is now ferro-ferri-taramite. In addition, the defining criteria was shifted from the T position to the C-position of the amphibole moelcule. A consequence of this is that many "taramites" are now classified as "katophorite root name group minerals. Based on analytical data of "taramites" from Smithies (1992) and Smithies & Marsh (1996), the "taramites" from here is most likely ferro-ferri-katophorites.
ⓘ 'Ferro-ferri-winchite'
Formula: ◻(CaNa)(Fe2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Ferro-richterite
Formula: Na(CaNa)Fe2+5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
Localities: Reported from at least 20 localities in this region.
Description: Pale green octahedra in quartz-fluorite veins.
ⓘ Fluorite var. Yttrofluorite
Formula: (Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05 < x < 0.3
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
ⓘ Graphite
Formula: C
ⓘ Greenockite
Formula: CdS
ⓘ Grossular
Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
ⓘ Gypsum var. Selenite
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Hastingsite
Formula: NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘ Hedenbergite
Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
Localities: Reported from at least 11 localities in this region.
ⓘ Hematite var. Martite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Hemimorphite
Formula: Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
✪ Herbertsmithite
Formula: Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2
ⓘ Hetaerolite
Formula: ZnMn2O4
ⓘ Hetaerolite var. Hydrohetaerolite
Formula: Zn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4
ⓘ Heterosite
Formula: Fe3+(PO4)
ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(C2+4C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
ⓘ Hureaulite
Formula: Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O
ⓘ 'Hydrogarnet'
ⓘ Hydroxylapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
Description: Found in association with Tarbuttite and Hemimorphite as a white crystalline coating.
ⓘ Hydrozincite
Formula: Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘ Kaersutite
Formula: NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
ⓘ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘ Katophorite
Formula: Na(CaNa){Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2
Description: The name katophorite was origianlly used for the Fe-dominant member of the katophorite root-name group. The group was redefined in the 2012 amphibole nomenclature and katophorite is now defined as the Mg-Al dominant member of the katophorite root name group. The original katophorite is now named ferro-katophorite. Katophorite with it's post 2012 definition does not occur here.
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
ⓘ Kinoshitalite
Formula: (Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Kutnohorite
Formula: CaMn2+(CO3)2
ⓘ Kyanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘ Låvenite
Formula: Na2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
ⓘ Lechatelierite
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Lemoynite
Formula: (Na,K)2CaZr2Si10O26 · 5H2O
ⓘ Lepidocrocite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ 'Lepidolite'
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ 'Limonite'
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
ⓘ Lithiophilite
Formula: LiMn2+PO4
ⓘ Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite
Formula: Li1-x(Mn3+xMn2+1-x)PO4
ⓘ 'Lithiophilite-Triphylite Series'
ⓘ Magnesio-hastingsite
Formula: NaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende (TL)
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Type Locality:
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Localities: Reported from at least 16 localities in this region.
ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 14 localities in this region.
ⓘ 'Manganese Oxides'
ⓘ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ 'Melilite Group'
Formula: Ca2M(XSiO7)
ⓘ 'Mica Group'
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
ⓘ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
ⓘ 'Microlite Group'
Formula: A2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n
ⓘ Mitridatite
Formula: Ca2Fe3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
ⓘ Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(PO4)
Description: Mostly microscopic crystals.
ⓘ 'Monazite Group'
Formula: REE(PO4)
ⓘ Monticellite
Formula: CaMg(SiO4)
ⓘ Moraesite
Formula: Be2(PO4)(OH) · 4H2O
ⓘ Mottramite
Formula: PbCu(VO4)(OH)
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Native Bismuth
Formula: Bi
ⓘ Native Copper
Formula: Cu
ⓘ Native Gold
Formula: Au
ⓘ Native Silver
Formula: Ag
ⓘ Native Sulphur
Formula: S8
ⓘ Natrolite
Formula: Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
ⓘ Nontronite
Formula: Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘ Norsethite
Formula: BaMg(CO3)2
ⓘ 'Olivine Group'
Formula: M2SiO4
ⓘ Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘ Opal var. Opal-AN
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘ Orthoclase
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Papagoite
Formula: CaCu[H3AlSi2O9]
ⓘ Parádsasvárite
Formula: Zn2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘ Paratacamite
Formula: Cu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
ⓘ Pargasite
Formula: NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘ Pectolite
Formula: NaCa2Si3O8(OH)
ⓘ Pentlandite
Formula: (NixFey)Σ9S8
ⓘ Perovskite
Formula: CaTiO3
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ 'Phyllosilicate'
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ Pollucite
Formula: (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
ⓘ Prehnite
Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
ⓘ Pseudomalachite
Formula: Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4
ⓘ 'Psilomelane'
ⓘ Purpurite ?
Formula: Mn3+(PO4)
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 12 localities in this region.
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘ Pyrolusite
Formula: Mn4+O2
ⓘ Pyrope
Formula: Mg3Al2(SiO4)3
References:
Verwoerd, W. J. (1967). The carbonatites of South Africa and South West Africa. Government Printer, South Africa., 6.
JANSE, A. A. (1969). Gross Brukkaros, a probable carbonatite volcano in the Nama Plateau of Southwest Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80(4), 573-586. doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[573:GBAPCV]2.0.CO
Janse, A. J. A. (1971). Monticellite bearing porphyritic peridotite from Gross Brukkaros, South West Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 74(2), 45-55. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_322
Allsopp, H. L., & Barrett, D. R. (1975). Rb–Sr age determinations on South African kimberlite pipes. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 605-617). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50044-4
Ferguson, J., Martin, H., Nicolaysen, L. O., & Danchin, R. V. (1975). Gross Brukkaros: a kimberlite–carbonatite volcano. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 219-234). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50021-3
Janse, A. J. A. (1975). Kimberlite and related rocks from the Nama Plateau of South-West Africa. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 81-94). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50012-2
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458 doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., Harmer, R. E. (1990) Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127 (5) 427-433 doi:10.1017/s001675680001517x
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Stanistreet, I. G. (1994). Gross Brukkaros (Namibia)—An enigmatic crater-fill reinterpreted as due to Cretaceous caldera evolution. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(5), 386-397. doi.org/10.1007/BF00326464
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Brey, G. (1995). Carbonatite magmatism and fenitization of the epiclastic caldera-fill at Gross Brukkaros (Namibia). Bulletin of volcanology, 57(3), 185-196. doi.org/10.1007/BF00265038
Kurszlaukis, S., & Franz, L. (1997). Phase petrology, geochemistry and evolution of the ultrabasic-carbonatitic Blue Hills Complex (southern Namibia). GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA, 38(1), 50-68.
Lorenz, V., & Kurszlaukis, S. (1997). On the last explosions of carbonatite pipe G3b, Gross Brukkaros, Namibia. Bulletin of Volcanology, 59(1), 1-9. doi.org/10.1007/s004450050170
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 45 localities in this region.
ⓘ Quartz var. Agate
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst
Formula: SiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Quartz var. Blue Lace Agate
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rhodochrosite
Formula: MnCO3
ⓘ 'Rhombohedral Carbonate'
Formula: (Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
ⓘ Riebeckite
Formula: ◻Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Robertsite
Formula: Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
ⓘ Romanèchite
Formula: (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
ⓘ 'Rosenbuschite Group'
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Sanidine
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Sauconite
Formula: Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O
ⓘ Scholzite
Formula: CaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘ Schorl
Formula: NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'
Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4
ⓘ Siderite
Formula: FeCO3
ⓘ Sillimanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘ Skorpionite (TL)
Formula: Ca3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
Type Locality:
ⓘ 'Smectite Group'
Formula: A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
ⓘ Smithsonite
Formula: ZnCO3
ⓘ Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘ 'Sodic amphibole'
ⓘ Spessartine
Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Sphalerite var. Schalenblende
ⓘ Spinel
Formula: MgAl2O4
ⓘ Spodumene
Formula: LiAlSi2O6
ⓘ Stercorite (TL)
Formula: (NH4)Na(PO3OH) · 4H2O
Type Locality:
ⓘ Stromeyerite
Formula: AgCuS
ⓘ Strontianite
Formula: SrCO3
ⓘ Struvite
Formula: (NH4)Mg(PO4) · 6H2O
ⓘ 'Synchysite'
Formula: Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
ⓘ Synchysite-(Y)
Formula: CaY(CO3)2F
ⓘ Tainiolite
Formula: KLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
ⓘ Talc
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘ 'Tantalite'
Formula: (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)
Formula: Mn2+Ta2O6
ⓘ Taramite
Formula: Na(CaNa)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Description: Taramite was originally the name for the ferro-ferri-dominante member of the taramite root-name group, but it was redefined in the 2012 nomenclature. taramite is now the MG-Al dominant member in this group. References older than 2012 will refer to the origianl, but changed definition of taramite.
ⓘ Tarbuttite
Formula: Zn2(PO4)(OH)
ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
ⓘ Tenorite
Formula: CuO
ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite
Formula: KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
References:
Jackson, M.P.A. 1976. High-grade metamorphism and migmatization of the Namaqua metamorphic complex around Aus in the southern Namib Desert, South West Africa. Bulletin, University of Cape Town, Department of Geology, Chamber of Mines Precambrian Research Unit, 18.
Cooper, A. F. (1988). Geology of Dicker Willem, a subvolcanic carbonatite complex in South-West Africa.
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., Harmer, R. E. (1990) Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127 (5) 427-433 doi:10.1017/s001675680001517x
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458 doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Cooper, A. F., Reid, D. L. (1991) Textural evidence for calcite carbonatite magmas, Dicker Willem, southwest Namibia. Geology, 19 (12). 1193-1196 doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<1193:tefccm>2.3.co;2
Reid, David L., Cooper, Alan F. (1992) Oxygen and carbon isotope patterns in the Dicker Willem carbonatite complex, southern Namibia. Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience section, 94 (4). 293-305 doi:10.1016/0168-9622(92)90004-t
Cooper, A. F., Reid, D. L. (1998) Nepheline Sovites as Parental Magmas in Carbonatite Complexes: Evidence from Dicker Willem, Southwest Namibia. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11) 2123-2136 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2123
ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Group'
Formula: M2(A6)M1(B4 C2)X3(D4)S1(Y12)S2(Z)
ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTiO(SiO4)
ⓘ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Rubellite'
ⓘ Triphylite
Formula: LiFe2+PO4
ⓘ Triphylite var. Ferrisicklerite
Formula: Li1-x(Fe3+xFe2+1-x)PO4
ⓘ Triplite
Formula: Mn2+2(PO4)F
ⓘ Turquoise
Formula: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
ⓘ Volborthite
Formula: Cu3(V2O7)(OH)2 · 2H2O
ⓘ Winchite
Formula: ◻(CaNa)(Mg4Al)(Si8O22)(OH)2
Description: Prior to the approval of ferri-winchite in 2004, the name winchite was used for both Fe-dominant and Al dominant winchites. As all amphibole from Marinkas Kwelas are Fe-dominant, winchite with its post 2012 nomenclature definition is not present here.
ⓘ Witherite
Formula: BaCO3
ⓘ Wollastonite
Formula: Ca3(Si3O9)
References:
Jour Pet 39:2123-2136.
Jackson, M.P.A. 1976. High-grade metamorphism and migmatization of the Namaqua metamorphic complex around Aus in the southern Namib Desert, South West Africa. Bulletin, University of Cape Town, Department of Geology, Chamber of Mines Precambrian Research Unit, 18.
Cooper, A. F. (1988). Geology of Dicker Willem, a subvolcanic carbonatite complex in South-West Africa.
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., Harmer, R. E. (1990) Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127 (5) 427-433 doi:10.1017/s001675680001517x
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458 doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Cooper, A. F., Reid, D. L. (1991) Textural evidence for calcite carbonatite magmas, Dicker Willem, southwest Namibia. Geology, 19 (12). 1193-1196 doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<1193:tefccm>2.3.co;2
Reid, David L., Cooper, Alan F. (1992) Oxygen and carbon isotope patterns in the Dicker Willem carbonatite complex, southern Namibia. Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience section, 94 (4). 293-305 doi:10.1016/0168-9622(92)90004-t
Cooper, A. F., Reid, D. L. (1998) Nepheline Sovites as Parental Magmas in Carbonatite Complexes: Evidence from Dicker Willem, Southwest Namibia. Journal of Petrology, 39 (11) 2123-2136 doi:10.1093/petroj/39.11-12.2123
ⓘ 'Zeolite Group'
References:
Verwoerd, W. J. (1967). The carbonatites of South Africa and South West Africa. Government Printer, South Africa., 6.
JANSE, A. A. (1969). Gross Brukkaros, a probable carbonatite volcano in the Nama Plateau of Southwest Africa. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 80(4), 573-586. doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[573:GBAPCV]2.0.CO
Janse, A. J. A. (1971). Monticellite bearing porphyritic peridotite from Gross Brukkaros, South West Africa. South African Journal of Geology, 74(2), 45-55. doi.org/10.10520/AJA10120750_322
Allsopp, H. L., & Barrett, D. R. (1975). Rb–Sr age determinations on South African kimberlite pipes. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 605-617). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50044-4
Ferguson, J., Martin, H., Nicolaysen, L. O., & Danchin, R. V. (1975). Gross Brukkaros: a kimberlite–carbonatite volcano. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 219-234). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50021-3
Janse, A. J. A. (1975). Kimberlite and related rocks from the Nama Plateau of South-West Africa. In Physics and Chemistry of the Earth (pp. 81-94). Pergamon. doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-018017-5.50012-2
Woldegabriel, Giday, Aronson, James L., Walter, Robert C. (1990) Geology, geochronology, and rift basin development in the central sector of the Main Ethiopia Rift. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102 (4) 439-458 doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1990)102<0439:ggarbd>2.3.co;2
Reid, D. L., Cooper, A. F., Rex, D. C., Harmer, R. E. (1990) Timing of post–Karoo alkaline volcanism in southern Namibia. Geological Magazine, 127 (5) 427-433 doi:10.1017/s001675680001517x
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Stanistreet, I. G. (1994). Gross Brukkaros (Namibia)—An enigmatic crater-fill reinterpreted as due to Cretaceous caldera evolution. Bulletin of Volcanology, 56(5), 386-397. doi.org/10.1007/BF00326464
Stachel, T., Lorenz, V., & Brey, G. (1995). Carbonatite magmatism and fenitization of the epiclastic caldera-fill at Gross Brukkaros (Namibia). Bulletin of volcanology, 57(3), 185-196. doi.org/10.1007/BF00265038
Kurszlaukis, S., & Franz, L. (1997). Phase petrology, geochemistry and evolution of the ultrabasic-carbonatitic Blue Hills Complex (southern Namibia). GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA, 38(1), 50-68.
Lorenz, V., & Kurszlaukis, S. (1997). On the last explosions of carbonatite pipe G3b, Gross Brukkaros, Namibia. Bulletin of Volcanology, 59(1), 1-9. doi.org/10.1007/s004450050170
ⓘ Zincolibethenite
Formula: CuZn(PO4)(OH)
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.

Gallery:

Na(AlSi3O8)ⓘ Albite
trans.png
Albite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Albite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Albite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Albite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Albite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Albite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Albite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Albite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
Ca5(PO4)3Aⓘ 'Apatite'
trans.png
Apatite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Apatite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Apatite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
BaSO4ⓘ Baryte
trans.png
Baryte

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Baryte

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Baryte

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Baryte

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Baryte

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Baryte

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Baryte

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Baryte

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
BaCa(CO3)2ⓘ Barytocalcite
trans.png
Barytocalcite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Barytocalcite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Barytocalcite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
CaCO3ⓘ Calcite
trans.png
Calcite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Calcite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Calcite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Calcite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Calcite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Calcite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
PbCO3ⓘ Cerussite
trans.png
Cerussite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Cerussite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Cerussite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Cerussite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Cerussite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Cerussite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Cerussite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Cerussite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1ⓘ Chrysocolla
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Chrysocolla, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Chrysocolla, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Chrysocolla, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
Y(PO4) · 2H2Oⓘ Churchite-(Y)
trans.png
Churchite-(Y), etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Churchite-(Y)

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Churchite-(Y)

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Churchite-(Y), etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Churchite-(Y)

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Churchite-(Y)

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Churchite-(Y), etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Churchite-(Y)

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
Pb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16ⓘ Coronadite
trans.png
Coronadite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Coronadite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Coronadite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Coronadite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Coronadite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Coronadite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Coronadite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Coronadite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
ⓘ 'Desert Rose'
trans.png
Desert Rose

Lüderitz, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Desert Rose

Lüderitz, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Desert Rose

Lüderitz, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Desert Rose

Lüderitz, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Desert Rose

Lüderitz, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Desert Rose

Lüderitz, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Desert Rose

Lüderitz, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Desert Rose

Lüderitz, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
Cⓘ Diamond
trans.png
Diamond

Sendelingsdrif area, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Diamond

Sendelingsdrif area, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Diamond

Pomona Complex, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Diamond

Sendelingsdrif area, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Diamond

Sendelingsdrif area, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Diamond

Pomona Complex, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Diamond

Sendelingsdrif area, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Diamond

Sendelingsdrif area, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
CuSiO3 · H2Oⓘ Dioptase
trans.png
Dioptase

Sinclair Mine, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Dioptase

Sinclair Mine, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Dioptase

Sinclair Mine, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)ⓘ Epidote
trans.png
Epidote, etc.

Quartz occurrence, Schakalskruppe siding, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Epidote, etc.

Quartz occurrence, Schakalskruppe siding, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Epidote

Sinclair Mine, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Epidote, etc.

Quartz occurrence, Schakalskruppe siding, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Epidote, etc.

Quartz occurrence, Schakalskruppe siding, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Epidote

Sinclair Mine, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Epidote, etc.

Quartz occurrence, Schakalskruppe siding, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Epidote, etc.

Quartz occurrence, Schakalskruppe siding, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
CaF2ⓘ Fluorite
trans.png
Fluorite

Platrand Farm 154, Karasburg East, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Fluorite

Platrand Farm 154, Karasburg East, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Fluorite

Platrand Farm 154, Karasburg East, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
PbSⓘ Galena
trans.png
Galena

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Galena, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Galena

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Galena

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Galena, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Galena

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Galena

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Galena, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
CaSO4 · 2H2Oⓘ Gypsum
trans.png
Gypsum

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Gypsum

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Gypsum

Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Gypsum

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Gypsum

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Gypsum

Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Gypsum

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Gypsum

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2Oⓘ Hemimorphite
trans.png
Hemimorphite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Hemimorphite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Hemimorphite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Hemimorphite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Hemimorphite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Hemimorphite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Hemimorphite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Hemimorphite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
Cu2(CO3)(OH)2ⓘ Malachite
trans.png
Malachite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Malachite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Malachite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Malachite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Malachite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Malachite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Malachite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Malachite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
FeS2ⓘ Marcasite
trans.png
Marcasite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Marcasite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Marcasite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Marcasite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Marcasite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Marcasite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
BaMg(CO3)2ⓘ Norsethite
trans.png
Norsethite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Norsethite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Norsethite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Norsethite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Norsethite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Norsethite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
Zn2(CO3)(OH)2ⓘ Parádsasvárite
trans.png
Parádsasvárite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Parádsasvárite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Parádsasvárite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2ⓘ Prehnite
trans.png
Prehnite

Koedoekop, Keetmanshoop Rural Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Prehnite

Koedoekop, Keetmanshoop Rural Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Prehnite

ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Prehnite

ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Prehnite

Koedoekop, Keetmanshoop Rural Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Prehnite

Koedoekop, Keetmanshoop Rural Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Prehnite

ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Prehnite

ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Prehnite

Koedoekop, Keetmanshoop Rural Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Prehnite

Koedoekop, Keetmanshoop Rural Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
SiO2ⓘ Quartz
trans.png
Quartz, etc.

Kauchab Farm, Feldschuhhorn area, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Quartz, etc.

Kauchab Farm, Feldschuhhorn area, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Quartz, etc.

Quartz occurrence, Schakalskruppe siding, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Quartz, etc.

Kauchab Farm, Feldschuhhorn area, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Quartz, etc.

Kauchab Farm, Feldschuhhorn area, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Quartz, etc.

Quartz occurrence, Schakalskruppe siding, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Quartz, etc.

Kauchab Farm, Feldschuhhorn area, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Quartz, etc.

Kauchab Farm, Feldschuhhorn area, Berseba Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
SiO2ⓘ Quartz var. Blue Lace Agate
trans.png
Blue Lace Agate

Ysterputz Mine, Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Blue Lace Agate

Ysterputz Mine, Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Blue Lace Agate, etc.

Ysterputz Mine, Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Blue Lace Agate

Ysterputz Mine, Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Blue Lace Agate

Ysterputz Mine, Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Blue Lace Agate, etc.

Ysterputz Mine, Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Blue Lace Agate

Ysterputz Mine, Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Blue Lace Agate

Ysterputz Mine, Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
SiO2ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony
trans.png
Chalcedony

Ysterputz Mine, Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Chalcedony, etc.

Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Chalcedony, etc.

Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Chalcedony, etc.

Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Chalcedony

Ysterputz Mine, Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Chalcedony, etc.

Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Chalcedony, etc.

Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Chalcedony, etc.

Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Chalcedony

Ysterputz Mine, Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Chalcedony, etc.

Ysterputs Farm 254, Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2Oⓘ Sauconite
trans.png
Sauconite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Sauconite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Sauconite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
CaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2Oⓘ Scholzite
trans.png
Scholzite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Scholzite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Scholzite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Scholzite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Scholzite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Scholzite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
Ca3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2Oⓘ Skorpionite (TL)
trans.png
Skorpionite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Skorpionite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Skorpionite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Skorpionite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Skorpionite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Skorpionite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Skorpionite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Skorpionite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
ZnCO3ⓘ Smithsonite
trans.png
Smithsonite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Smithsonite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Smithsonite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Smithsonite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Smithsonite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Smithsonite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Smithsonite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Smithsonite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
ZnSⓘ Sphalerite
trans.png
Sphalerite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Sphalerite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Sphalerite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Sphalerite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Sphalerite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Sphalerite

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Sphalerite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Sphalerite, etc.

Rosh Pinah Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
Zn2(PO4)(OH)ⓘ Tarbuttite
trans.png
Tarbuttite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Tarbuttite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Tarbuttite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Tarbuttite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Tarbuttite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Tarbuttite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Tarbuttite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Tarbuttite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
Cu3(V2O7)(OH)2 · 2H2Oⓘ Volborthite
trans.png
Volborthite

Sinclair Mine, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Volborthite

Sinclair Mine, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Volborthite

Sinclair Mine, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Volborthite

Sinclair Mine, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Volborthite

Sinclair Mine, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Volborthite

Sinclair Mine, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
CuZn(PO4)(OH)ⓘ Zincolibethenite
trans.png
Zincolibethenite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Zincolibethenite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Zincolibethenite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Zincolibethenite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Zincolibethenite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Zincolibethenite

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Zincolibethenite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
trans.png
Zincolibethenite, etc.

Skorpion Mine, Rosh Pinah, Oranjemund Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘNative Copper1.AA.05Cu
ⓘNative Gold1.AA.05Au
ⓘNative Silver1.AA.05Ag
ⓘNative Bismuth1.CA.05Bi
ⓘGraphite1.CB.05aC
ⓘDiamond1.CB.10aC
ⓘNative Sulphur1.CC.05S8
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
ⓘDigenite2.BA.10Cu9S5
ⓘBornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
ⓘAcanthite2.BA.35Ag2S
ⓘStromeyerite2.BA.40AgCuS
ⓘPentlandite2.BB.15(NixFey)Σ9S8
ⓘCovellite2.CA.05aCuS
ⓘSphalerite
var. Schalenblende		2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘ2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘGreenockite2.CB.45CdS
ⓘCubanite2.CB.55aCuFe2S3
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘAlabandite2.CD.10MnS
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘBismuthinite2.DB.05Bi2S3
ⓘMolybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘMarcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
ⓘArsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
ⓘ'Tennantite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
ⓘ'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
ⓘvar. Yttrofluorite3.AB.25(Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05 < x < 0.3
ⓘAtacamite3.DA.10aCu2(OH)3Cl
ⓘParatacamite3.DA.10cCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
ⓘHerbertsmithite3.DA.10cCu3Zn(OH)6Cl2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ'Microlite Group'4.00.A2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘCuprite4.AA.10Cu2O
ⓘTenorite4.AB.10CuO
ⓘDelafossite4.AB.15Cu+Fe3+O2
ⓘChrysoberyl4.BA.05BeAl2O4
ⓘChromite4.BB.05Fe2+Cr3+2O4
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘSpinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
ⓘMagnetite
var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite		4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘHetaerolite4.BB.10ZnMn2O4
ⓘvar. Hydrohetaerolite4.BB.10Zn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4
ⓘCorundum4.CB.05Al2O3
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘHematite
var. Martite		4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘBismite4.CB.60Bi2O3
ⓘPerovskite4.CC.30CaTiO3
ⓘQuartz
var. Agate		4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Amethyst4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Blue Lace Agate4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Chalcedony4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘ4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Rose Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘOpal
var. Opal-AN		4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘ4.DA.10SiO2 · nH2O
ⓘLechatelierite4.DA.30SiO2
ⓘCassiterite4.DB.05SnO2
ⓘPyrolusite4.DB.05Mn4+O2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘTantalite-(Mn)4.DB.35Mn2+Ta2O6
ⓘAnatase4.DD.05TiO2
ⓘBrookite4.DD.10TiO2
ⓘvar. Niobium-bearing Brookite4.DD.10(Ti,Nb,Fe)O2
ⓘBaddeleyite4.DE.35ZrO2
ⓘCoronadite4.DK.05aPb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16
ⓘRomanèchite4.DK.10(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
ⓘGoethite4.FD.10Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘLepidocrocite4.FE.15Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘChalcophanite4.FL.20ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘRhodochrosite5.AB.05MnCO3
ⓘSiderite5.AB.05FeCO3
ⓘSmithsonite5.AB.05ZnCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘKutnohorite5.AB.10CaMn2+(CO3)2
ⓘDolomite
var. Iron-bearing Dolomite		5.AB.10Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
ⓘCerussite5.AB.15PbCO3
ⓘStrontianite5.AB.15SrCO3
ⓘWitherite5.AB.15BaCO3
ⓘNorsethite5.AB.30BaMg(CO3)2
ⓘAlstonite5.AB.35BaCa(CO3)2
ⓘBarytocalcite5.AB.45BaCa(CO3)2
ⓘBenstonite5.AB.55Ba6Ca6Mg(CO3)13
ⓘAzurite5.BA.05Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘMalachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘParádsasvárite5.BA.10Zn2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘAurichalcite5.BA.15(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
ⓘHydrozincite5.BA.15Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6
ⓘSynchysite-(Y)5.BD.20cCaY(CO3)2F
ⓘBismutite5.BE.25(BiO)2CO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘAnhydrite7.AD.30CaSO4
ⓘAnglesite7.AD.35PbSO4
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘBrochantite7.BB.25Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
ⓘAlunite7.BC.10KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘJarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘChalcanthite7.CB.20CuSO4 · 5H2O
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘvar. Selenite7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘTriphylite
var. Ferrisicklerite		8.AB.10Li1-x(Fe3+xFe2+1-x)PO4
ⓘHeterosite8.AB.10Fe3+(PO4)
ⓘLithiophilite8.AB.10LiMn2+PO4
ⓘPurpurite ?8.AB.10Mn3+(PO4)
ⓘLithiophilite
var. Sicklerite		8.AB.10Li1-x(Mn3+xMn2+1-x)PO4
ⓘTriphylite8.AB.10LiFe2+PO4
ⓘMonazite-(Ce)8.AD.50Ce(PO4)
ⓘAmblygonite8.BB.05LiAl(PO4)F
ⓘTriplite8.BB.10Mn2+2(PO4)F
ⓘZincolibethenite8.BB.30CuZn(PO4)(OH)
ⓘTarbuttite8.BB.35Zn2(PO4)(OH)
ⓘPseudomalachite8.BD.05Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4
ⓘMottramite8.BH.40PbCu(VO4)(OH)
ⓘFluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘHydroxylapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
ⓘScholzite8.CA.45CaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘHureaulite8.CB.10Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O
ⓘStruvite8.CH.40(NH4)Mg(PO4) · 6H2O
ⓘStercorite (TL)8.CJ.05(NH4)Na(PO3OH) · 4H2O
ⓘChurchite-(Y)8.CJ.50Y(PO4) · 2H2O
ⓘMoraesite8.DA.05Be2(PO4)(OH) · 4H2O
ⓘTurquoise8.DD.15CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
ⓘMitridatite8.DH.30Ca2Fe3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
ⓘRobertsite8.DH.30Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
ⓘCyrilovite8.DL.10NaFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O
ⓘSkorpionite (TL)8.DO.45Ca3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
ⓘVolborthite8.FD.05Cu3(V2O7)(OH)2 · 2H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘEucryptite9.AA.05LiAlSiO4
ⓘFayalite9.AC.05Fe2+2(SiO4)
ⓘMonticellite9.AC.10CaMg(SiO4)
ⓘAndradite9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘAlmandine9.AD.25Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘGrossular9.AD.25Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘPyrope9.AD.25Mg3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘSpessartine9.AD.25Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘAndradite
var. Melanite		9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘSillimanite9.AF.05Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘKyanite9.AF.15Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTiO(SiO4)
ⓘDumortierite9.AJ.10Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)
ⓘBertrandite9.BD.05Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2
ⓘHemimorphite9.BD.10Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
ⓘLåvenite9.BE.17Na2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
ⓘClinozoisite9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘPapagoite9.CE.05CaCu[H3AlSi2O9]
ⓘBeryl9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘCordierite9.CJ.10Mg2Al4Si5O18
ⓘDioptase9.CJ.30CuSiO3 · H2O
ⓘSchorl9.CK.05NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘEudialyte9.CO.10Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘDiopside
var. Chromium-bearing Diopside		9.DA.15Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
ⓘ9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘHedenbergite9.DA.15CaFe2+Si2O6
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘSpodumene9.DA.30LiAlSi2O6
ⓘAstrophyllite9.DC.05K2NaFe2+7Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
ⓘActinolite9.DE.10◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘMagnesio-hornblende (TL)9.DE.10◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
ⓘEdenite9.DE.15NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
ⓘHastingsite9.DE.15NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘKaersutite9.DE.15NaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
ⓘMagnesio-hastingsite9.DE.15NaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘPargasite9.DE.15NaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
ⓘ'Ferro-ferri-winchite'9.DE.20◻(CaNa)(Fe2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ'Ferro-ferri-taramite' ?9.DE.20Na(CaNa)(Fe2+3Fe3+2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
ⓘFerro-ferri-katophorite9.DE.20Na(NaCa)(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
ⓘFerro-richterite9.DE.20Na(CaNa)Fe2+5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘWinchite ?9.DE.20◻(CaNa)(Mg4Al)(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘTaramite ?9.DE.20Na(CaNa)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
ⓘKatophorite ?9.DE.20Na(CaNa){Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2
ⓘArfvedsonite9.DE.25NaNa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘRiebeckite9.DE.25◻Na2(Fe2+3Fe3+2)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘBavenite9.DF.25Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
ⓘPectolite9.DG.05NaCa2Si3O8(OH)
ⓘWollastonite9.DG.05Ca3(Si3O9)
ⓘAenigmatite9.DH.40Na4[Fe2+10Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
ⓘPrehnite9.DP.20Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
ⓘLemoynite9.DP.35(Na,K)2CaZr2Si10O26 · 5H2O
ⓘTalc9.EC.05Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘTainiolite9.EC.15KLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
ⓘMuscovite
var. Sericite		9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘTetraferriphlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
ⓘKinoshitalite9.EC.35(Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
ⓘNontronite9.EC.40Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘSauconite9.EC.45Na0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O
ⓘChamosite9.EC.55Fe2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
ⓘ'Clinochrysotile'9.ED.Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘKaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘChrysocolla9.ED.20Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘCelsian9.FA.30Ba(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘOrthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘSanidine9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘvar. Oligoclase9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
ⓘvar. Cleavelandite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘCancrinite9.FB.05(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘSodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘ'Zeolite Group'9.G0.
ⓘNatrolite9.GA.05Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
ⓘPollucite9.GB.05(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Unclassified
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5(T8O22)W2
ⓘ'Bastnäsite'-(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Crossite'-
ⓘ'Desert Rose'-
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Lepidolite'-
ⓘ'Limonite'-
ⓘ'Monazite Group'-REE(PO4)
ⓘ'Psilomelane'-
ⓘ'Tourmaline
var. Rubellite'		-AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'Tantalite'-(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
ⓘ'Tourmaline'-AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'Feldspar Group
var. Perthite'		-
ⓘ'Mica Group'-
ⓘ'Synchysite'-Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'-
ⓘ'Hornblende Root Name Group'-◻Ca2(C2+4C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
ⓘ'Eudialyte Group
var. Eucolite'		-[N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1.1)M(1.2)]3[M(2.1)M(2.2)M(2.3)]3-6[M(3)M(4)]Z3[Si24O72]Θ4X(1)X(2)
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ'Columbite-Tantalite'-
ⓘ'Eudialyte Group'-[N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1.1)M(1.2)]3[M(2.1)M(2.2)M(2.3)]3-6[M(3)M(4)]Z3[Si24O72]Θ4X(1)X(2)
ⓘ'Smectite Group'-A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
ⓘ'Serpentine Subgroup'-D3[Si2O5](OH)4
ⓘ'Manganese Oxides'-
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3A
ⓘ'Olivine Group'-M2SiO4
ⓘ'Melilite Group'-Ca2M(XSiO7)
ⓘ'Tetrahedrite Group'-M2(A6)M1(B4 C2)X3(D4)S1(Y12)S2(Z)
ⓘ'Lithiophilite-Triphylite Series'-
ⓘ'Hydrogarnet'-
ⓘ'Rosenbuschite Group'-
ⓘ'Sodic amphibole'-
ⓘ'Alkali pyroxene'-
ⓘ'Rhombohedral Carbonate'-(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
ⓘ'Phyllosilicate'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ ArfvedsoniteNaNa2(Fe42+Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ AstrophylliteK2NaFe72+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
Hⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Hⓘ Aurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Hⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Hⓘ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Hⓘ BertranditeBe4(Si2O7)(OH)2
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Hⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Hⓘ ChalcophaniteZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O
Hⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Hⓘ ChamositeFe52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Hⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Hⓘ Churchite-(Y)Y(PO4) · 2H2O
Hⓘ ClinochrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ Clinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ CyriloviteNaFe33+(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ DioptaseCuSiO3 · H2O
Hⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Hⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Hⓘ Ferro-ferri-winchite◻(CaNa)(Fe42+Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ Ferro-ferri-taramiteNa(CaNa)(Fe32+Fe23+)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ Ferro-ferri-katophoriteNa(NaCa)(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Hⓘ Ferro-richteriteNa(CaNa)Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Hⓘ HemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
Hⓘ HureauliteMn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O
Hⓘ Opal var. Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
Hⓘ Hetaerolite var. HydrohetaeroliteZn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4
Hⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Hⓘ HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Hⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ Kinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Lemoynite(Na,K)2CaZr2Si10O26 · 5H2O
Hⓘ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ Magnesio-hastingsiteNaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Hⓘ Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Hⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hⓘ MitridatiteCa2Fe33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Hⓘ MoraesiteBe2(PO4)(OH) · 4H2O
Hⓘ MottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Hⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Hⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Hⓘ PapagoiteCaCu[H3AlSi2O9]
Hⓘ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Hⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Hⓘ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Hⓘ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Hⓘ PseudomalachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Hⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Hⓘ Riebeckite◻Na2(Fe32+Fe23+)Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ RobertsiteCa2Mn33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Hⓘ Romanèchite(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
Hⓘ SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O
Hⓘ ScholziteCaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
Hⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hⓘ Stercorite(NH4)Na(PO3OH) · 4H2O
Hⓘ Struvite(NH4)Mg(PO4) · 6H2O
Hⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Hⓘ TarbuttiteZn2(PO4)(OH)
Hⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Hⓘ TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Hⓘ VolborthiteCu3(V2O7)(OH)2 · 2H2O
Hⓘ Winchite◻(CaNa)(Mg4Al)(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ TaramiteNa(CaNa)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ KatophoriteNa(CaNa){Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Smectite GroupA0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
Hⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Hⓘ ZincolibetheniteCuZn(PO4)(OH)
Hⓘ HerbertsmithiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl2
Hⓘ SkorpioniteCa3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
Hⓘ ParádsasváriteZn2(CO3)(OH)2
LiLithium
Liⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Liⓘ EucryptiteLiAlSiO4
Liⓘ Triphylite var. FerrisickleriteLi1-x(Fex3+Fe2+1-x)PO4
Liⓘ LithiophiliteLiMn2+PO4
Liⓘ Lithiophilite var. SickleriteLi1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4
Liⓘ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Liⓘ TriphyliteLiFe2+PO4
Liⓘ TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
Liⓘ Lithiophilite-Triphylite Series
BeBeryllium
Beⓘ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Beⓘ BertranditeBe4(Si2O7)(OH)2
Beⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Beⓘ ChrysoberylBeAl2O4
Beⓘ MoraesiteBe2(PO4)(OH) · 4H2O
BBoron
Bⓘ DumortieriteAl(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)
Bⓘ Tourmaline var. Rubellite
Bⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Bⓘ TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
CCarbon
Cⓘ AlstoniteBaCa(CO3)2
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ Aurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Cⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cⓘ BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2
Cⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Cⓘ BenstoniteBa6Ca6Mg(CO3)13
Cⓘ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Cⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Cⓘ DiamondC
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ GraphiteC
Cⓘ HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Cⓘ KutnohoriteCaMn2+(CO3)2
Cⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cⓘ NorsethiteBaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ RhodochrositeMnCO3
Cⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Cⓘ SmithsoniteZnCO3
Cⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
Cⓘ Synchysite-(Y)CaY(CO3)2F
Cⓘ WitheriteBaCO3
Cⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
Cⓘ SkorpioniteCa3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
Cⓘ ParádsasváriteZn2(CO3)(OH)2
Cⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
NNitrogen
Nⓘ Stercorite(NH4)Na(PO3OH) · 4H2O
Nⓘ Struvite(NH4)Mg(PO4) · 6H2O
OOxygen
Oⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Oⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Oⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Oⓘ Quartz var. AgateSiO2
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ AlstoniteBaCa(CO3)2
Oⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Oⓘ Quartz var. AmethystSiO2
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5(T8O22)W2
Oⓘ AnataseTiO2
Oⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Oⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Oⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ ArfvedsoniteNaNa2(Fe42+Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ AstrophylliteK2NaFe72+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
Oⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ Aurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Oⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Oⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2
Oⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Oⓘ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Oⓘ BenstoniteBa6Ca6Mg(CO3)13
Oⓘ BertranditeBe4(Si2O7)(OH)2
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ BismiteBi2O3
Oⓘ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
Oⓘ Quartz var. Blue Lace AgateSiO2
Oⓘ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Oⓘ BrookiteTiO2
Oⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Oⓘ CassiteriteSnO2
Oⓘ CelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)
Oⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Oⓘ ChalcophaniteZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O
Oⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Oⓘ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Oⓘ ChamositeFe52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Oⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Oⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Oⓘ ChrysoberylBeAl2O4
Oⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Oⓘ Churchite-(Y)Y(PO4) · 2H2O
Oⓘ ClinochrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ Clinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Oⓘ CoronaditePb(Mn64+Mn23+)O16
Oⓘ CorundumAl2O3
Oⓘ CupriteCu2O
Oⓘ CyriloviteNaFe33+(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ DelafossiteCu+Fe3+O2
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ DioptaseCuSiO3 · H2O
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ DumortieriteAl(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)
Oⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Oⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ EucryptiteLiAlSiO4
Oⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Oⓘ FayaliteFe22+(SiO4)
Oⓘ Ferro-ferri-winchite◻(CaNa)(Fe42+Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ Ferro-ferri-taramiteNa(CaNa)(Fe32+Fe23+)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ Ferro-ferri-katophoriteNa(NaCa)(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Oⓘ Triphylite var. FerrisickleriteLi1-x(Fex3+Fe2+1-x)PO4
Oⓘ Ferro-richteriteNa(CaNa)Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Oⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ HemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
Oⓘ HetaeroliteZnMn2O4
Oⓘ HeterositeFe3+(PO4)
Oⓘ HureauliteMn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O
Oⓘ Opal var. Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
Oⓘ Hetaerolite var. HydrohetaeroliteZn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4
Oⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Oⓘ HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Oⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ KutnohoriteCaMn2+(CO3)2
Oⓘ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ Kinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ LechatelieriteSiO2
Oⓘ Lemoynite(Na,K)2CaZr2Si10O26 · 5H2O
Oⓘ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ LithiophiliteLiMn2+PO4
Oⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Oⓘ Magnesio-hastingsiteNaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Oⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
Oⓘ Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oⓘ Hematite var. MartiteFe2O3
Oⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ MitridatiteCa2Fe33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Oⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Oⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Oⓘ MonticelliteCaMg(SiO4)
Oⓘ MoraesiteBe2(PO4)(OH) · 4H2O
Oⓘ MottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Oⓘ NorsethiteBaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Oⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Oⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Oⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ PapagoiteCaCu[H3AlSi2O9]
Oⓘ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Oⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Oⓘ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Oⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Oⓘ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Oⓘ PseudomalachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Oⓘ PurpuriteMn3+(PO4)
Oⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Oⓘ PyrolusiteMn4+O2
Oⓘ PyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RhodochrositeMnCO3
Oⓘ Riebeckite◻Na2(Fe32+Fe23+)Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ RobertsiteCa2Mn33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Oⓘ Romanèchite(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
Oⓘ Quartz var. Rose QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Tourmaline var. Rubellite
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O
Oⓘ ScholziteCaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
Oⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oⓘ Lithiophilite var. SickleriteLi1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4
Oⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Oⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ SmithsoniteZnCO3
Oⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Oⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Oⓘ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Oⓘ Stercorite(NH4)Na(PO3OH) · 4H2O
Oⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
Oⓘ Struvite(NH4)Mg(PO4) · 6H2O
Oⓘ Synchysite-(Y)CaY(CO3)2F
Oⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Oⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Oⓘ TarbuttiteZn2(PO4)(OH)
Oⓘ TenoriteCuO
Oⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Oⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Oⓘ TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oⓘ TriphyliteLiFe2+PO4
Oⓘ TripliteMn22+(PO4)F
Oⓘ TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Oⓘ VolborthiteCu3(V2O7)(OH)2 · 2H2O
Oⓘ Winchite◻(CaNa)(Mg4Al)(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ WitheriteBaCO3
Oⓘ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ TaramiteNa(CaNa)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ KatophoriteNa(CaNa){Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
Oⓘ Andradite var. MelaniteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Oⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Oⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
Oⓘ Eudialyte Group var. Eucolite[N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1.1)M(1.2)]3[M(2.1)M(2.2)M(2.3)]3-6[M(3)M(4)]Z3[Si24O72]Θ4X(1)X(2)
Oⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Eudialyte Group[N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1.1)M(1.2)]3[M(2.1)M(2.2)M(2.3)]3-6[M(3)M(4)]Z3[Si24O72]Θ4X(1)X(2)
Oⓘ Smectite GroupA0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
Oⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
Oⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Oⓘ ZincolibetheniteCuZn(PO4)(OH)
Oⓘ HerbertsmithiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl2
Oⓘ SkorpioniteCa3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
Oⓘ Olivine GroupM2SiO4
Oⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Oⓘ Lithiophilite-Triphylite Series
Oⓘ ParádsasváriteZn2(CO3)(OH)2
Oⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
Oⓘ Brookite var. Niobium-bearing Brookite(Ti,Nb,Fe)O2
FFluorine
Fⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Fⓘ AstrophylliteK2NaFe72+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
Fⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Fⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Fⓘ Synchysite-(Y)CaY(CO3)2F
Fⓘ TripliteMn22+(PO4)F
Fⓘ Fluorite var. Yttrofluorite(Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05 < x < 0.3
Fⓘ TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
NaSodium
Naⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Naⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Naⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ ArfvedsoniteNaNa2(Fe42+Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2
Naⓘ AstrophylliteK2NaFe72+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
Naⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Naⓘ CyriloviteNaFe33+(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O
Naⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Naⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Naⓘ Ferro-ferri-winchite◻(CaNa)(Fe42+Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2
Naⓘ Ferro-ferri-taramiteNa(CaNa)(Fe32+Fe23+)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Naⓘ Ferro-ferri-katophoriteNa(NaCa)(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Naⓘ Ferro-richteriteNa(CaNa)Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2
Naⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Naⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Naⓘ Lemoynite(Na,K)2CaZr2Si10O26 · 5H2O
Naⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Naⓘ Magnesio-hastingsiteNaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Naⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Naⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Naⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Naⓘ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Naⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Naⓘ Riebeckite◻Na2(Fe32+Fe23+)Si8O22(OH)2
Naⓘ SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O
Naⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Naⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Naⓘ Stercorite(NH4)Na(PO3OH) · 4H2O
Naⓘ Winchite◻(CaNa)(Mg4Al)(Si8O22)(OH)2
Naⓘ TaramiteNa(CaNa)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Naⓘ KatophoriteNa(CaNa){Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2
Naⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ BenstoniteBa6Ca6Mg(CO3)13
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Mgⓘ ClinochrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Mgⓘ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Mgⓘ Kinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ Magnesio-hastingsiteNaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ MonticelliteCaMg(SiO4)
Mgⓘ NorsethiteBaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ PyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3
Mgⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Mgⓘ Struvite(NH4)Mg(PO4) · 6H2O
Mgⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Mgⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Mgⓘ Winchite◻(CaNa)(Mg4Al)(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ TaramiteNa(CaNa)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ KatophoriteNa(CaNa){Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
Mgⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Mgⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Alⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Alⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Alⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Alⓘ CelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)
Alⓘ ChamositeFe52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Alⓘ ChrysoberylBeAl2O4
Alⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Alⓘ Clinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Alⓘ CorundumAl2O3
Alⓘ DumortieriteAl(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)
Alⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Alⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ EucryptiteLiAlSiO4
Alⓘ Ferro-ferri-taramiteNa(CaNa)(Fe32+Fe23+)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Alⓘ Ferro-ferri-katophoriteNa(NaCa)(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Alⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Alⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Alⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alⓘ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ Kinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Magnesio-hastingsiteNaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Alⓘ Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Alⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Alⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Alⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Alⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ PapagoiteCaCu[H3AlSi2O9]
Alⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Alⓘ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Alⓘ PyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O
Alⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Alⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Alⓘ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Alⓘ TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Alⓘ Winchite◻(CaNa)(Mg4Al)(Si8O22)(OH)2
Alⓘ TaramiteNa(CaNa)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Alⓘ KatophoriteNa(CaNa){Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2
Alⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
Alⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Siⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Siⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Siⓘ Quartz var. AgateSiO2
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Quartz var. AmethystSiO2
Siⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Siⓘ ArfvedsoniteNaNa2(Fe42+Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ AstrophylliteK2NaFe72+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Siⓘ BertranditeBe4(Si2O7)(OH)2
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ Quartz var. Blue Lace AgateSiO2
Siⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Siⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Siⓘ CelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)
Siⓘ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Siⓘ ChamositeFe52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Siⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Siⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Siⓘ ClinochrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ Clinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ DioptaseCuSiO3 · H2O
Siⓘ DumortieriteAl(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)
Siⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Siⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ EucryptiteLiAlSiO4
Siⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Siⓘ FayaliteFe22+(SiO4)
Siⓘ Ferro-ferri-winchite◻(CaNa)(Fe42+Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ Ferro-ferri-taramiteNa(CaNa)(Fe32+Fe23+)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ Ferro-ferri-katophoriteNa(NaCa)(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Siⓘ Ferro-richteriteNa(CaNa)Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Siⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Siⓘ HemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
Siⓘ Opal var. Opal-ANSiO2 · nH2O
Siⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Siⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ Kinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ LechatelieriteSiO2
Siⓘ Lemoynite(Na,K)2CaZr2Si10O26 · 5H2O
Siⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Siⓘ Magnesio-hastingsiteNaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Siⓘ Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Siⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ MonticelliteCaMg(SiO4)
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Siⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Siⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Siⓘ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Siⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ PapagoiteCaCu[H3AlSi2O9]
Siⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Siⓘ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Siⓘ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Siⓘ PyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Riebeckite◻Na2(Fe32+Fe23+)Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ Quartz var. Rose QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O
Siⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Siⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Siⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Siⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Siⓘ Winchite◻(CaNa)(Mg4Al)(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ TaramiteNa(CaNa)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ KatophoriteNa(CaNa){Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
Siⓘ Andradite var. MelaniteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Siⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
Siⓘ Eudialyte Group var. Eucolite[N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1.1)M(1.2)]3[M(2.1)M(2.2)M(2.3)]3-6[M(3)M(4)]Z3[Si24O72]Θ4X(1)X(2)
Siⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Eudialyte Group[N(1)N(2)N(3)N(4)N(5)]3[M(1.1)M(1.2)]3[M(2.1)M(2.2)M(2.3)]3-6[M(3)M(4)]Z3[Si24O72]Θ4X(1)X(2)
Siⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Siⓘ Olivine GroupM2SiO4
Siⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Pⓘ Churchite-(Y)Y(PO4) · 2H2O
Pⓘ CyriloviteNaFe33+(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O
Pⓘ Triphylite var. FerrisickleriteLi1-x(Fex3+Fe2+1-x)PO4
Pⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Pⓘ HeterositeFe3+(PO4)
Pⓘ HureauliteMn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O
Pⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Pⓘ LithiophiliteLiMn2+PO4
Pⓘ MitridatiteCa2Fe33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Pⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Pⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Pⓘ MoraesiteBe2(PO4)(OH) · 4H2O
Pⓘ PseudomalachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Pⓘ PurpuriteMn3+(PO4)
Pⓘ RobertsiteCa2Mn33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Pⓘ ScholziteCaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
Pⓘ Lithiophilite var. SickleriteLi1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4
Pⓘ Stercorite(NH4)Na(PO3OH) · 4H2O
Pⓘ Struvite(NH4)Mg(PO4) · 6H2O
Pⓘ TarbuttiteZn2(PO4)(OH)
Pⓘ TriphyliteLiFe2+PO4
Pⓘ TripliteMn22+(PO4)F
Pⓘ TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Pⓘ ZincolibetheniteCuZn(PO4)(OH)
Pⓘ SkorpioniteCa3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
Pⓘ Lithiophilite-Triphylite Series
SSulfur
Sⓘ AcanthiteAg2S
Sⓘ AlabanditeMnS
Sⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Sⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Sⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Sⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sⓘ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Sⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Sⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Sⓘ CovelliteCuS
Sⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Sⓘ DigeniteCu9S5
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ GreenockiteCdS
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Sⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
Sⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ StromeyeriteAgCuS
Sⓘ Native SulphurS8
Sⓘ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
Sⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
Sⓘ Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ Tetrahedrite GroupM2(A6)M1(B4 C2)X3(D4)S1(Y12)S2(Z)
ClChlorine
Clⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Clⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Clⓘ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Clⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Clⓘ HerbertsmithiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl2
KPotassium
Kⓘ AluniteKAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
Kⓘ AstrophylliteK2NaFe72+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Kⓘ Kinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Lemoynite(Na,K)2CaZr2Si10O26 · 5H2O
Kⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Kⓘ TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2
Kⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Caⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Caⓘ AlstoniteBaCa(CO3)2
Caⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Caⓘ AnhydriteCaSO4
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2
Caⓘ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Caⓘ BenstoniteBa6Ca6Mg(CO3)13
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Caⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Caⓘ Clinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Caⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Caⓘ Ferro-ferri-winchite◻(CaNa)(Fe42+Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2
Caⓘ Ferro-ferri-taramiteNa(CaNa)(Fe32+Fe23+)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ Ferro-ferri-katophoriteNa(NaCa)(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Caⓘ Ferro-richteriteNa(CaNa)Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Caⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Caⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Caⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Caⓘ KutnohoriteCaMn2+(CO3)2
Caⓘ Lemoynite(Na,K)2CaZr2Si10O26 · 5H2O
Caⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Caⓘ Magnesio-hastingsiteNaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Caⓘ Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Caⓘ MitridatiteCa2Fe33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Caⓘ MonticelliteCaMg(SiO4)
Caⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Caⓘ PapagoiteCaCu[H3AlSi2O9]
Caⓘ PargasiteNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Caⓘ PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
Caⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Caⓘ PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
Caⓘ RobertsiteCa2Mn33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Caⓘ ScholziteCaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
Caⓘ Synchysite-(Y)CaY(CO3)2F
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Caⓘ Winchite◻(CaNa)(Mg4Al)(Si8O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Caⓘ Fluorite var. Yttrofluorite(Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05 < x < 0.3
Caⓘ Gypsum var. SeleniteCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ TaramiteNa(CaNa)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ KatophoriteNa(CaNa){Mg4Al)(AlSi7O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ Andradite var. MelaniteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Caⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
Caⓘ SkorpioniteCa3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
Caⓘ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
Caⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Tiⓘ AnataseTiO2
Tiⓘ AstrophylliteK2NaFe72+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ BrookiteTiO2
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ KaersutiteNaCa2(Mg3AlTi4+)(Si6Al2)O22O2
Tiⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Tiⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Tiⓘ Brookite var. Niobium-bearing Brookite(Ti,Nb,Fe)O2
VVanadium
Vⓘ MottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)
Vⓘ VolborthiteCu3(V2O7)(OH)2 · 2H2O
CrChromium
Crⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Crⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
MnManganese
Mnⓘ AlabanditeMnS
Mnⓘ ChalcophaniteZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O
Mnⓘ CoronaditePb(Mn64+Mn23+)O16
Mnⓘ HetaeroliteZnMn2O4
Mnⓘ HureauliteMn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O
Mnⓘ Hetaerolite var. HydrohetaeroliteZn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4
Mnⓘ KutnohoriteCaMn2+(CO3)2
Mnⓘ Kinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Mnⓘ LithiophiliteLiMn2+PO4
Mnⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Mnⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
Mnⓘ PurpuriteMn3+(PO4)
Mnⓘ PyrolusiteMn4+O2
Mnⓘ RhodochrositeMnCO3
Mnⓘ RobertsiteCa2Mn33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Mnⓘ Romanèchite(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
Mnⓘ Lithiophilite var. SickleriteLi1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4
Mnⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Mnⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Mnⓘ TripliteMn22+(PO4)F
Mnⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Mnⓘ Lithiophilite-Triphylite Series
Mnⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
FeIron
Feⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Feⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Feⓘ AenigmatiteNa4[Fe102+Ti2]O4[Si12O36]
Feⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feⓘ ArfvedsoniteNaNa2(Fe42+Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ AstrophylliteK2NaFe72+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ ChamositeFe52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Feⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Feⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Feⓘ CyriloviteNaFe33+(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O
Feⓘ DelafossiteCu+Fe3+O2
Feⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Feⓘ FayaliteFe22+(SiO4)
Feⓘ Ferro-ferri-winchite◻(CaNa)(Fe42+Fe3+)Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ Ferro-ferri-taramiteNa(CaNa)(Fe32+Fe23+)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Feⓘ Ferro-ferri-katophoriteNa(NaCa)(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Feⓘ Triphylite var. FerrisickleriteLi1-x(Fex3+Fe2+1-x)PO4
Feⓘ Ferro-richteriteNa(CaNa)Fe52+(Si8O22)(OH)2
Feⓘ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Feⓘ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ HeterositeFe3+(PO4)
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feⓘ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ Magnesio-hastingsiteNaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Feⓘ Hematite var. MartiteFe2O3
Feⓘ MitridatiteCa2Fe33+(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Feⓘ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Feⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ Riebeckite◻Na2(Fe32+Fe23+)Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Feⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Feⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Feⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2
Feⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Feⓘ TriphyliteLiFe2+PO4
Feⓘ Andradite var. MelaniteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Feⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Feⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Feⓘ Dolomite var. Iron-bearing DolomiteCa(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2
Feⓘ Lithiophilite-Triphylite Series
Feⓘ Rhombohedral Carbonate(Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn etc)CO3
Feⓘ Brookite var. Niobium-bearing Brookite(Ti,Nb,Fe)O2
NiNickel
Niⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
CuCopper
Cuⓘ AtacamiteCu2(OH)3Cl
Cuⓘ Aurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Cuⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cuⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuⓘ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Cuⓘ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuⓘ ChrysocollaCu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1
Cuⓘ CovelliteCuS
Cuⓘ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Cuⓘ CupriteCu2O
Cuⓘ Native CopperCu
Cuⓘ DelafossiteCu+Fe3+O2
Cuⓘ DigeniteCu9S5
Cuⓘ DioptaseCuSiO3 · H2O
Cuⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cuⓘ MottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)
Cuⓘ PapagoiteCaCu[H3AlSi2O9]
Cuⓘ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Cuⓘ PseudomalachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)4
Cuⓘ StromeyeriteAgCuS
Cuⓘ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
Cuⓘ TenoriteCuO
Cuⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
Cuⓘ TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
Cuⓘ VolborthiteCu3(V2O7)(OH)2 · 2H2O
Cuⓘ ZincolibetheniteCuZn(PO4)(OH)
Cuⓘ HerbertsmithiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl2
ZnZinc
Znⓘ Aurichalcite(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6
Znⓘ ChalcophaniteZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O
Znⓘ HemimorphiteZn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O
Znⓘ HetaeroliteZnMn2O4
Znⓘ Hetaerolite var. HydrohetaeroliteZn(Mn,◻)2(O,OH)4
Znⓘ HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Znⓘ ParatacamiteCu3(Cu,Zn)(OH)6Cl2
Znⓘ SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2O
Znⓘ ScholziteCaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
Znⓘ SmithsoniteZnCO3
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Znⓘ TarbuttiteZn2(PO4)(OH)
Znⓘ ZincolibetheniteCuZn(PO4)(OH)
Znⓘ HerbertsmithiteCu3Zn(OH)6Cl2
Znⓘ SkorpioniteCa3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O
Znⓘ ParádsasváriteZn2(CO3)(OH)2
AsArsenic
Asⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asⓘ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
SrStrontium
Srⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
YYttrium
Yⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Yⓘ Churchite-(Y)Y(PO4) · 2H2O
Yⓘ Synchysite-(Y)CaY(CO3)2F
Yⓘ Fluorite var. Yttrofluorite(Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05 < x < 0.3
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Zrⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Zrⓘ Lemoynite(Na,K)2CaZr2Si10O26 · 5H2O
Zrⓘ LåveniteNa2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Nbⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
Nbⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Nbⓘ Brookite var. Niobium-bearing Brookite(Ti,Nb,Fe)O2
MoMolybdenum
Moⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
AgSilver
Agⓘ AcanthiteAg2S
Agⓘ Native SilverAg
Agⓘ StromeyeriteAgCuS
CdCadmium
Cdⓘ GreenockiteCdS
SnTin
Snⓘ CassiteriteSnO2
SbAntimony
Sbⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
CsCaesium
Csⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
BaBarium
Baⓘ AlstoniteBaCa(CO3)2
Baⓘ BarytocalciteBaCa(CO3)2
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Baⓘ BenstoniteBa6Ca6Mg(CO3)13
Baⓘ CelsianBa(Al2Si2O8)
Baⓘ Kinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2
Baⓘ NorsethiteBaMg(CO3)2
Baⓘ Romanèchite(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
Baⓘ WitheriteBaCO3
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Ceⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
NdNeodymium
Ndⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
TaTantalum
Taⓘ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
Taⓘ Microlite GroupA2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n
Taⓘ Tantalite(Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6
AuGold
Auⓘ Native GoldAu
PbLead
Pbⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Pbⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Pbⓘ CoronaditePb(Mn64+Mn23+)O16
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
Pbⓘ MottramitePbCu(VO4)(OH)
BiBismuth
Biⓘ BismiteBi2O3
Biⓘ Native BismuthBi
Biⓘ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Biⓘ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Phanerozoic : 512 ± 12 Ma to 37 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Cenozoic
  Paleogene
   Eocene
ⓘ Nephelinite37 MaSchwarzerberg Plug, Klinghardt Group, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
ⓘ Biotite (youngest age)48 ± 2 MaDicker Willem (Dicker Wilhelm; Garubberg), ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
    
  
 Mesozoic
  Cretaceous
   Early/Lower Cretaceous
ⓘ Biotite (oldest age)130 ± 2 MaGranitberg Complex, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia
    
  
 Paleozoic
  Cambrian
   Cambrian Series 2
ⓘ Zircon512 ± 12 MaBremen occurrence (Bremen granite-syenite complex), Karasburg West, ǁKaras Region, Namibia

Fossils

There are 389 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences389
Youngest Fossil Listed0.01 Ma (Pleistocene)
Oldest Fossil Listed635 Ma (Neoproterozoic)
Stratigraphic UnitsClick here to view 12 stratigraphic units.
Fossils from RegionClick here to show the list.
Accepted NameHierarchy Age
Ammonia
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Ammoniidae : Ammonia38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Astacolus
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Vaginulinidae : Astacolus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Cibicides
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Cibicididae : Cibicides38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Elphidium
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Elphidiidae : Elphidium38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Glandulina
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Glandulinidae : Glandulina38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Lenticulina
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Vaginulinidae : Lenticulina38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Nonion
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Nonionidae : Nonion38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Pararotalia
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Calcarinidae : Pararotalia38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Siphoglobulina
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Lagenida : Glandulinidae : Siphoglobulina38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Textularia
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Textulariida : Textulariidae : Textularia38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Valvulineria
genus		Chromista : Foraminifera : Globothalamea : Rotaliida : Cancrisidae : Valvulineria38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Ernietta
genus		Animalia : Petalonamae : Ernietta635 - 541 Ma
Neoproterozoic
Rangea
genus		Animalia : Petalonamae : Rangea635 - 541 Ma
Neoproterozoic
Mercierella
genus		Animalia : Annelida : Polychaeta : Sabellida : Serpulidae : Ficopomatus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Gastropoda
class		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda295.5 - 290.1 Ma
Permian
Patella
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Patellogastropoda : Patellidae : Patella2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Diodora
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lepetellida : Fissurellidae : Diodora2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Fissurella
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lepetellida : Fissurellidae : Fissurella2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Archimediella
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turritellidae : Archimediella38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Cerithium
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cerithiidae : Cerithium2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Crepidula
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Calyptraeidae : Crepidula2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Sconsia
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Cassidae : Sconsia38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Tenagodus
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Siliquariidae : Tenagodus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Turritella
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turritellidae : Turritella38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Nassa
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Nassa2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Thais
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Thais2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Voluta
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Volutidae : Voluta38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Philine
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Philinidae : Philine2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Nuculana
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Nuculanida : Nuculanidae : Nuculana38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Aulacomya
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Aulacomya2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Mytilus
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Mytilus2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Perna
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Perna38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Crassostrea
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Crassostrea38 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Ostrea
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Ostraea2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Pecten
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pectinida : Pectinidae : Pecten38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Mactra (Barymactra)
subgenus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Mactra : Mactra (Barymactra)38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Chamelea
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Veneridae : Chamelea2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Donax
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Donacidae : Donax2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Solen
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Adapedonta : Solenidae : Solen2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Tellina
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Tellina38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Balanus
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Maxillopoda : Sessilia : Balanidae : Balanus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Grammella
genus		Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Membraniporidae : Grammella38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Galeocerdo
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Carcharhinidae : Galeocerdo38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Galeus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Scyliorhinidae : Galeus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Osteichthyes
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Amphibia
class		Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Reptilia
class		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Mesosaurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Mesosauridae : Mesosaurus290.1 - 279.3 Ma
Permian
Squamata
order		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Crocodylia
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia47.8 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Pipidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Anura : Pipidae47.8 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Pelomedusa
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pelomedusidae : Pelomedusa23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Lacertilia
suborder		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Lacertilia41.3 - 11.608 Ma
Cenozoic
Gekkonidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Gekkonidae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Varanidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Varanidae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Varanus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Varanidae : Varanus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Serpentes
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Serpentes41.3 - 11.608 Ma
Cenozoic
Scolecophidia
infraorder		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Scolecophidia23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Boidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Boidae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Python
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Pythonidae : Python23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Colubroidea
superfamily		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubroidea41.3 - 11.608 Ma
Cenozoic
Colubridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubridae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Naja
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Elapidae : Naja23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Viperidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Viperidae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Bitis
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Viperidae : Bitis23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Vipera
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Viperidae : Vipera23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Struthionidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Struthioniformes : Struthionidae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Accipitridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Accipitriformes : Accipitridae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Phasianidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Galliformes : Phasianidae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Macroscelidea
order		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Macroscelidea41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Macroscelididae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Macroscelidea : Macroscelididae47.8 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Myohyrax
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Macroscelidea : Macroscelididae : Myohyrax41.3 - 11.608 Ma
Cenozoic
Palaeothentoides
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Macroscelidea : Macroscelididae : Palaeothentoides23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Erinaceidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Erinaceomorpha : Erinaceidae47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Amphechinus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Erinaceomorpha : Erinaceidae : Amphechinus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Prochrysochloris
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Afrosoricida : Chrysochloridae : Prochrysochloris23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Rhinolophus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chiroptera : Rhinolophidae : Rhinolophus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Hyaenodontidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodontidae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Isohyaenodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodonta : Hyainailouridae : Isohyaenodon23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Pterodon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodonta : Hyainailouridae : Pterodon47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Viverridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverridae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Mustelidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Afrocyon
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae : Afrocyon23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Ysengrinia
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae : Ysengrinia23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Vulcanisciurus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Vulcanisciurus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Megapedetes
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Pedetidae : Megapedetes23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Bathyergoides
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Bathyergoididae : Bathyergoides41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Gaudeamus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Gaudeamuridae : Gaudeamus41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Phiomys
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Phiomyidae : Phiomys41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Diceros
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Diceros23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Gomphotherium
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Gomphotheriidae : Gomphotherium23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Colubrinae
subfamily		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubridae : Colubrinae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Natricinae
subfamily		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Colubridae : Natricinae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Testudines
order		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Hyaenodontinae
subfamily		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodonta : Hyaenodontidae : Hyaenodontinae47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Amphisbaenia
infraorder		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Amphisbaenia47.8 - 11.608 Ma
Cenozoic
Proviverrinae
subfamily		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodonta : Proviverrinae47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Planorbis
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Planorbidae : Planorbis41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Python sebae
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Squamata : Pythonidae : Python : Python sebae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Trigonephrus
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Stylommatophora : Dorcasiidae : Trigonephrus47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Austrolagomys
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Lagomorpha : Ochotonidae : Austrolagomys23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Homoiodorcas
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Homoiodorcas23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Protarsomys
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : Protarsomys23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Otolithus (Chrysophris)
subgenus		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Spariformes : Sparidae : Otolithus (Chrysophris)38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Mirounga leonina
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Phocidae : Mirounga : Mirounga leonina0.0117 - 0 Ma
Quaternary
Oxyrhina
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Odontaspidida : Isuridae : Oxyrhina38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Cosmopolitodus hastalis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Odontaspidida : Carcharodontidae : Cosmopolitodus : Cosmopolitodus hastalis38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Isurus oxyrinchus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Lamnidae : Isurus : Isurus oxyrinchus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Lymnaea
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Lymnaeidae : Lymnaea47.8 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Treptichnus
genus		Treptichnus635 - 530 Ma
Neoproterozoic to Cambrian
Hydrobia
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Hydrobiidae : Hydrobia41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Bothriogenys gorringei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Anthracotheriidae : Bothriogenys : Bothriogenys gorringei41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Zygrhablithus
genus		Chromista : Haptophyta : Prymnesiophyceae : Coccosphaerales : Calyptrosphaeraceae : Zygrhablithus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Discoaster
genus		Chromista : Haptophyta : Prymnesiophyceae : Discoasterales : Discoasteraceae : Discoaster38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Coccolithus
genus		Chromista : Haptophyta : Prymnesiophyceae : Coccolithales : Coccolithaceae : Coccolithus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Braarudosphaera
genus		Chromista : Haptophyta : Prymnesiophyceae : Coccosphaerales : Braarudosphaeraceae : Braarudosphaera38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Xerini
tribe		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Sciuridae : Xerini23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Hyainailouros sulzeri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyainailouros : Hyainailouros sulzeri23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Buhakia
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Teratodontidae : Buhakia23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Anura
order		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Anura41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Metapterodon stromeri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodontidae : Pterodon : Metapterodon stromeri23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Metapterodon kaiseri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodontidae : Pterodon : Metapterodon kaiseri23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Odontaspis contortidens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Lamniformes : Odontaspididae : Odontaspis : Odontaspis contortidens38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Schizoporella latisinuata
species		Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Schizoporellidae : Schizoporella : Schizoporella latisinuata38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Elonichthyidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Palaeonisciformes : Elonichthyidae290.1 - 259.9 Ma
Permian
Afrocyon ginsburgi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae : Afrocyon : Afrocyon ginsburgi23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Prodeinotherium hobleyi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : Prodeinotherium : Prodeinotherium hobleyi23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Turritella terebralis
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turritellidae : Turritella : Turritella terebralis38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Lopholistriodon moruoroti
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Lopholistriodon : Lopholistriodon moruoroti23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Aspidella
genus		Animalia : Cnidaria : Aspidella635 - 541 Ma
Neoproterozoic
Galeodes cornutus
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Melongenidae : Melongena : Galeodes cornutus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Ostrea gingensis
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Ostrea : Ostrea gingensis38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Turritella (Haustator) vermicularis
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Turritellidae : Haustator : Turritella (Haustator) vermicularis38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Cubitostrea digitalina
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Ostreidae : Cubitostrea : Cubitostrea digitalina38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Adapisoriculidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Adapisoriculidae47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Peruvispira vipersdorfensis
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Pleurotomariida : Gosseletinidae : Peruvispira : Peruvispira vipersdorfensis295.5 - 290.1 Ma
Permian
Bradgatia
genus		Animalia : Rangeomorpha : Bradgatia635 - 541 Ma
Neoproterozoic
Aturia lotzi
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Cephalopoda : Nautilida : Aturiidae : Aturia : Aturia lotzi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Cylindracanthus rectus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Acipenseriformes : Cylindracanthus : Cylindracanthus rectus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Nguruwe kijivium
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Nguruwe : Nguruwe kijivium23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Myliobatis dixoni
species		Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Myliobatiformes : Myliobatidae : Myliobatis : Myliobatis dixoni38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Odontaspis winkleri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Odontaspididae : Odontaspis : Odontaspis winkleri38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Odontaspis macrota
species		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Lamniformes : Odontaspididae : Odontaspis : Odontaspis macrota38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Dorcatherium pigotti
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Tragulidae : Dorcatherium : Dorcatherium pigotti23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Afrosmilus africanus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Barbourofelidae : Afrosmilus : Afrosmilus africanus23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Ranoidea
superfamily		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Anura : Ranoidea41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Lutraria lutraria
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Veneroidei : Mactridae : Lutraria : Lutraria lutraria2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Titanohyracidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Titanohyracidae41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Mesosaurus tenuidens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Mesosauridae : Mesosaurus : Mesosaurus tenuidens290.1 - 279.3 Ma
Permian
Conopeum lamellosum
species		Animalia : Bryozoa : Gymnolaemata : Cheilostomatida : Electridae : Conopeum : Conopeum lamellosum38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Pteridinium simplex
species		Animalia : Petalonamae : Pteridinium : Pteridinium simplex635 - 541 Ma
Neoproterozoic
Swartpuntia germsi
species		Animalia : Petalonamae : Swartpuntia : Swartpuntia germsi635 - 541 Ma
Neoproterozoic
Namacalathus hermanastes
species		Animalia : Cnidaria : Namacalathus : Namacalathus hermanastes635 - 541 Ma
Neoproterozoic
Protechiurus edmondsi
species		Protechiurus : Protechiurus edmondsi635 - 541 Ma
Neoproterozoic
Galeocerdo latidens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Carcharhiniformes : Carcharhinidae : Galeocerdo : Galeocerdo latidens38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Notidanus serratissimus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Hexanchiformes : Hexanchidae : Notidanus : Notidanus serratissimus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Squatina prima
species		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Squatiniformes : Squatinidae : Squatina : Squatina prima38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Argobuccinum pustulosum
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Ranellidae : Argobuccinum : Argobuccinum pustulosum2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Orycteropus minutus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Tubulidentata : Orycteropodidae : Orycteropus : Orycteropus minutus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Cristellaria subalata
species		Foraminifera : Cristellaria : Cristellaria subalata38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Talahphiomys
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Phiomyidae : Talahphiomys41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Talahphiomys lavocati
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Myophiomyidae : Talahphiomys : Talahphiomys lavocati41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Cichlidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Cichliformes : Cichlidae47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Perna perna
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Perna : Perna perna2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Namaortyx sperrgebietensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Galliformes : Namaortyx : Namaortyx sperrgebietensis41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Aphanaia haibensis
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Myalinida : Kolymiidae : Aphanaia : Aphanaia haibensis295.5 - 290.1 Ma
Permian
Namibchersus namaquensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae : Namibchersus : Namibchersus namaquensis23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Homopus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae : Homopus23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Nucella praecingulata
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Nucella : Nucella praecingulata2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Burnupena
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : Burnupena2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Bullia annulata
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nassariidae : Bullia : Bullia annulata2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Donax serra
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Donacidae : Donax : Donax serra2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Bullia laevissima
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Nassariidae : Bullia : Bullia laevissima2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Buccinum digitale
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : Buccinum : Buccinum digitale2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Sistrum squamosum
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Thaididae : Drupa : Sistrum squamosum2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Patella granatina
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Patellogastropoda : Patellidae : Patella : Patella granatina2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Erymnochelys
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Podocnemididae : Erymnochelys23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Namaichthys schroederi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Palaeonisciformes : Acrolepidae : Namaichthys : Namaichthys schroederi303.7 - 298.9 Ma
Carboniferous
Watsonichthys lotzi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Palaeonisciformes : Acrolepidae : Watsonichthys : Watsonichthys lotzi290.1 - 279.3 Ma
Permian
Lamna vincenti
species		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Lamniformes : Lamnidae : Lamna : Lamna vincenti38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Teratodontinae
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyaenodonta : Teratodontinae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Reticulofenestra
genus		Chromista : Haptophyta : Prymnesiophyceae : Isochrysidales : Noelaerhabdaceae : Reticulofenestra38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Streptichnus narbonnei
species		Streptichnus : Streptichnus narbonnei541 - 530 Ma
Cambrian
Crocodylus gariepensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae : Crocodylus : Crocodylus gariepensis23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Amphicyon giganteus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae : Amphicyon : Amphicyon giganteus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Hecubides euryodon
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Amphicyonidae : Cynelos : Hecubides euryodon23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Namalestes gheerbranti
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Todralestidae : Namalestes : Namalestes gheerbranti47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Namahyrax corvus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Namahyrax : Namahyrax corvus47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Namatherium
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Arsinoitheriidae : Namatherium47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Notnamaia bogenfelsi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Notnamaia : Notnamaia bogenfelsi47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Zegdoumys namibiensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Zegdoumyidae : Zegdoumys : Zegdoumys namibiensis47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Silicamys cingulatus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Myophiomyidae : Silicamys : Silicamys cingulatus41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Prepomonomys bogenfelsi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Diamantomyidae : Prepomonomys : Prepomonomys bogenfelsi41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Protophiomys algeriensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Chapattimyidae : Protophiomys : Protophiomys algeriensis41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Exogyra scheibei
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Ostreida : Gryphaeidae : Exogyra : Exogyra scheibei38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Lithodomus beetzi
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Mytilida : Mytilidae : Lithophaga : Lithodomus beetzi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Arca (Noetia) reuningi
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Noetiidae : Noetia : Arca (Noetia) reuningi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Tellina (Peronaea) oppenheimi
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Tellina : Tellina (Peronaea) oppenheimi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Mactra tumida
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Mactridae : Mactra : Mactra tumida38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Mya schweinfurthi
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Pholadida : Myidae : Mya : Mya schweinfurthi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Rocellaria clausa
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Gastrochaenida : Gastrochaenidae : Rocellaria : Rocellaria clausa38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Rocellaria sacculus
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Gastrochaenida : Gastrochaenidae : Rocellaria : Rocellaria sacculus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Turritella merenskyi
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Turritellidae : Turritella : Turritella merenskyi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Turritella (Haustator) atlantica
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Sorbeoconcha : Turritellidae : Haustator : Turritella (Haustator) atlantica38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Natica exilis
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Naticidae : Natica : Natica exilis38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Pseudoliva thielei
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Pseudolividae : Pseudoliva : Pseudoliva thielei38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Pseudoliva leutweini
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Pseudolividae : Pseudoliva : Pseudoliva leutweini38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Ocinebra dietrichi
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Muricidae : Ocenebra : Ocinebra dietrichi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Streptosiphon piriformis
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : Afer : Streptosiphon piriformis38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Streptosiphon lotzi
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : Afer : Streptosiphon lotzi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Streptosiphon klinghardti
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Buccinidae : Afer : Streptosiphon klinghardti38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Vexillum lindequisti
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Costellariidae : Vexillum : Vexillum lindequisti38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Turricula excelsa
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Neogastropoda : Clavatulidae : Turricula : Turricula excelsa38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Bullinella convoluta
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Cephalaspidea : Cylichnidae : Cylichna : Bullinella convoluta38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Cestracion vincenti
species		Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Heterodontiformes : Heterodontidae : Heterodontus : Cestracion vincenti38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Lamna barnitzkei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Lamnidae : Lamna : Lamna barnitzkei38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Alopecias smithwoodwardi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Elasmobranchii : Lamniformes : Lamnidae : Alopecias : Alopecias smithwoodwardi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Galeus porrectus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Carchariniformes : Scyliorhinidae : Galeus : Galeus porrectus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Galeus robustus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Carchariniformes : Scyliorhinidae : Galeus : Galeus robustus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Carcharias (Aprionodon) frequens
species		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Carchariniformes : Carcharhinidae : Aprionodon : Carcharias (Aprionodon) frequens38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Carcharias (Physodon) quartus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Lamniformes : Carchariidae : Physodon : Carcharias (Physodon) quartus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Rhaibodus rapax
species		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Plagiostomi : Carcharidae : Rhaibodus : Rhaibodus rapax38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Oxypristis ferinus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Rhinopristiformes : Pristidae : Oxypristis : Oxypristis ferinus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Rhinoptera rasilis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Myliobatiformes : Myliobatidae : Rhinoptera : Rhinoptera rasilis38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Pimelodus gaudryi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Siluridae : Pimelodus : Pimelodus gaudryi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Labrodon stromeri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Labriformes : Labridae : Labrodon : Labrodon stromeri38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Paranarrhichas damesi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Blenniiformes : Blenniidae : Paranarrhichas : Paranarrhichas damesi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Odontorhytis pappenheimi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Chondrichthyes : Odontorhytis : Odontorhytis pappenheimi38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Sphyraenodus hastatus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Scombriformes : Sphyraenodus : Sphyraenodus hastatus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Arca koerti
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Arcida : Arcidae : Arca : Arca koerti38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Tellina serrata
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Cardiida : Tellinidae : Tellina : Tellina serrata38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Scopelortyx klinghardtensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Galliformes : Paraortygidae : Scopelortyx : Scopelortyx klinghardtensis41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Namapsitta praeruptorum
species		Animalia : Chordata : Aves : Psittaciformes : Namapsitta : Namapsitta praeruptorum41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Metaphiomys schaubi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Diamantomyidae : Metaphiomys : Metaphiomys schaubi41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Namasector soriae
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Prionogalidae : Namasector : Namasector soriae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Leptoplesictis senutae
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Herpestidae : Herpestes : Leptoplesictis senutae23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Leptoplesictis namibiensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Herpestidae : Herpestes : Leptoplesictis namibiensis23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Orangictis gariepensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Viverridae : Orangictis : Orangictis gariepensis23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Namibictis senuti
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Mustelidae : Namibictis : Namibictis senuti23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Africanictis meini
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Africanictis : Africanictis meini23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Diamantofelis ferox
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Diamantofelis : Diamantofelis ferox23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Africanictis hyaenoides
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Africanictis : Africanictis hyaenoides23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Diamantofelis minor
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Carnivora : Felidae : Diamantofelis : Diamantofelis minor23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Diamantochloris inconcessus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Afrosoricida : Chrysochloridae : Diamantochloris : Diamantochloris inconcessus47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Namachloris arenatans
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Afrosoricida : Chrysochloridae : Namachloris : Namachloris arenatans41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Namaloris rupestris
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Lorisidae : Namaloris : Namaloris rupestris41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Rupestrohyrax palustris
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Pliohyracidae : Rupestrohyrax : Rupestrohyrax palustris41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Namagale grandis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Potamogalidae : Namagale : Namagale grandis41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Sperrgale
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Afrosoricida : Tenrecidae : Sperrgale41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Sperrgale minutus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Afrosoricida : Tenrecidae : Sperrgale : Sperrgale minutus41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Arenagale calcareus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Afrosoricida : Tenrecidae : Arenagale : Arenagale calcareus41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Scutellastra barbara
species		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Patellogastropoda : Patellidae : Scutellastra : Scutellastra barbara2.588 - 0.0117 Ma
Pleistocene
Geofossor corvinusae
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Bathyergidae : Geofossor : Geofossor corvinusae23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Paraphiomys orangeus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Thryonomyidae : Paraphiomys : Paraphiomys orangeus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Protarsomys lavocati
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Muridae : Protarsomys : Protarsomys lavocati23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Protenrec butleri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Afrosoricida : Tenrecidae : Protenrec : Protenrec butleri23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Cibicides pseudoungerianus
species		Foraminifera : Cibicididae : Cibicides : Cibicides pseudoungerianus38 - 33.9 Ma
Paleogene
Hydrocynus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Characiformes : Alestidae : Hydrocynus47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Namibchersus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Namibchersus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Mesochersus orangeus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Testudinidae : Mesochersus : Mesochersus orangeus23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Pelomedusa senutpickfordina
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pelomedusa : Pelomedusa senutpickfordina23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Afromastodon coppensi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Amebelodontidae : Afromastodon : Afromastodon coppensi23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Sperrgebietomeryx wardi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Sperrgebietomeryx : Sperrgebietomeryx wardi23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Propalaeoryx austroafricanus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Propalaeoryx : Propalaeoryx austroafricanus23.03 - 15.97 Ma
Miocene
Orangemeryx hendeyi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Orangemeryx : Orangemeryx hendeyi23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Prohyrax hendeyi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Hyracoidea : Procaviidae : Prohyrax : Prohyrax hendeyi23.03 - 11.608 Ma
Miocene
Namadapis interdictus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Namadapis : Namadapis interdictus47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Nanogale fragilis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Nanogale : Nanogale fragilis47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Damarachloris primaevus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Chrysochloridae : Damarachloris : Damarachloris primaevus47.8 - 41.3 Ma
Eocene
Efeldomys
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Bathyergidae : Efeldomys41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Tufamys woodi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Tufamyidae : Tufamys : Tufamys woodi41.3 - 38 Ma
Eocene
Fossil LocalitiesClick to show 28 fossil localities

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C7%81Karas_Region
Wikidata ID:Q573467
GeoNames ID:3371201

Localities in this Region

Namibia
Namibia

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

AfricaContinent
African PlateTectonic Plate
African Plate
Atlantic OceanOcean
Namibia
Southern Africa

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.
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