Phonolites
Volcanic Field of coulees, tholoids (domes), composite volcanoes, minor lava flows and ignimbrites, pyroclastic breccias and rare dikes is represented by over 100 occurrences, most of which are phonolitic in composition. Within a 15 km radius of the mountains 3 minor intrusions of olivine melilite and nephelinite occur (Marsh 1987; Kaiser 1926).

Approx coords range: 27º10' - 27º25'S; 15º35' - 15º55'E.

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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

16 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

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Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

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Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aegirine

Formula: NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆

References:

Koller F, Skoda R, Palfi A, Popp F, Jost B (2014) Paleogene phonolites of the Aris, Staalhart and Klinghardt groups, central and south Namibia, Africa. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 194

ⓘ Aegirine-augite

Formula: (Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆

References:

Kaiser, E. (Ed.). (1926). Die diamantenwüste Südwest-Afrikas: zugleich erläuterung zu einer geologischen spezialkarte der südlichen diamantfelder l: 25000 (Vol. 2). D. Reimer.

Kröner, A. (1973). Comments on “Is the African plate stationary?”. Nature, 243(5401), 29-30. doi.org/10.1038/243029a0

Lock, B. E., & Marsh, J. S. (1981). Tertiary phonolite volcanism in the Klinghardt mountains of South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 84(1), 1-6.

Marsh, Julian S. (1987) Evolution of a strongly differentiated suite of phonolites from the Klinghardt Mountains, Namibia. Lithos, 20 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(87)90023-5

ⓘ Aenigmatite

Formula: Na₄[Fe²⁺₁₀Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]

References:

Kaiser, E. (Ed.). (1926). Die diamantenwüste Südwest-Afrikas: zugleich erläuterung zu einer geologischen spezialkarte der südlichen diamantfelder l: 25000 (Vol. 2). D. Reimer.

Kröner, A. (1973). Comments on “Is the African plate stationary?”. Nature, 243(5401), 29-30. doi.org/10.1038/243029a0

Lock, B. E., & Marsh, J. S. (1981). Tertiary phonolite volcanism in the Klinghardt mountains of South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 84(1), 1-6.

Marsh, Julian S. (1987) Evolution of a strongly differentiated suite of phonolites from the Klinghardt Mountains, Namibia. Lithos, 20 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(87)90023-5

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'

References:

Kaiser, E. (Ed.). (1926). Die diamantenwüste Südwest-Afrikas: zugleich erläuterung zu einer geologischen spezialkarte der südlichen diamantfelder l: 25000 (Vol. 2). D. Reimer.

Kröner, A. (1973). Comments on “Is the African plate stationary?”. Nature, 243(5401), 29-30. doi.org/10.1038/243029a0

Lock, B. E., & Marsh, J. S. (1981). Tertiary phonolite volcanism in the Klinghardt mountains of South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 84(1), 1-6.

Marsh, Julian S. (1987) Evolution of a strongly differentiated suite of phonolites from the Klinghardt Mountains, Namibia. Lithos, 20 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(87)90023-5

ⓘ 'Alkali pyroxene'

References:

Kaiser, E. (Ed.). (1926). Die diamantenwüste Südwest-Afrikas: zugleich erläuterung zu einer geologischen spezialkarte der südlichen diamantfelder l: 25000 (Vol. 2). D. Reimer.

Kröner, A. (1973). Comments on “Is the African plate stationary?”. Nature, 243(5401), 29-30. doi.org/10.1038/243029a0

Lock, B. E., & Marsh, J. S. (1981). Tertiary phonolite volcanism in the Klinghardt mountains of South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 84(1), 1-6.

Marsh, Julian S. (1987) Evolution of a strongly differentiated suite of phonolites from the Klinghardt Mountains, Namibia. Lithos, 20 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(87)90023-5

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

Formula: AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂

References:

Kaiser, E. (Ed.). (1926). Die diamantenwüste Südwest-Afrikas: zugleich erläuterung zu einer geologischen spezialkarte der südlichen diamantfelder l: 25000 (Vol. 2). D. Reimer.

Kröner, A. (1973). Comments on “Is the African plate stationary?”. Nature, 243(5401), 29-30. doi.org/10.1038/243029a0

Lock, B. E., & Marsh, J. S. (1981). Tertiary phonolite volcanism in the Klinghardt mountains of South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 84(1), 1-6.

Marsh, Julian S. (1987) Evolution of a strongly differentiated suite of phonolites from the Klinghardt Mountains, Namibia. Lithos, 20 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(87)90023-5

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

References:

ⓘ Arfvedsonite

Formula: [Na][Na₂][Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

References:

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

References:

Kaiser, E. (Ed.). (1926). Die diamantenwüste Südwest-Afrikas: zugleich erläuterung zu einer geologischen spezialkarte der südlichen diamantfelder l: 25000 (Vol. 2). D. Reimer.

Kröner, A. (1973). Comments on “Is the African plate stationary?”. Nature, 243(5401), 29-30. doi.org/10.1038/243029a0

Lock, B. E., & Marsh, J. S. (1981). Tertiary phonolite volcanism in the Klinghardt mountains of South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 84(1), 1-6.

Marsh, Julian S. (1987) Evolution of a strongly differentiated suite of phonolites from the Klinghardt Mountains, Namibia. Lithos, 20 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(87)90023-5

ⓘ Dolomite

Formula: CaMg(CO₃)₂

References:

Kaiser, E. (Ed.). (1926). Die diamantenwüste Südwest-Afrikas: zugleich erläuterung zu einer geologischen spezialkarte der südlichen diamantfelder l: 25000 (Vol. 2). D. Reimer.

Kröner, A. (1973). Comments on “Is the African plate stationary?”. Nature, 243(5401), 29-30. doi.org/10.1038/243029a0

Lock, B. E., & Marsh, J. S. (1981). Tertiary phonolite volcanism in the Klinghardt mountains of South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 84(1), 1-6.

Marsh, Julian S. (1987) Evolution of a strongly differentiated suite of phonolites from the Klinghardt Mountains, Namibia. Lithos, 20 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(87)90023-5

ⓘ Eudialyte

Formula: Na₁₅Ca₆Fe₃Zr₃Si(Si₂₅O₇₃)(O,OH,H₂O)₃(Cl,OH)₂

References:

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

References:

Kaiser, E. (Ed.). (1926). Die diamantenwüste Südwest-Afrikas: zugleich erläuterung zu einer geologischen spezialkarte der südlichen diamantfelder l: 25000 (Vol. 2). D. Reimer.

Kröner, A. (1973). Comments on “Is the African plate stationary?”. Nature, 243(5401), 29-30. doi.org/10.1038/243029a0

Lock, B. E., & Marsh, J. S. (1981). Tertiary phonolite volcanism in the Klinghardt mountains of South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 84(1), 1-6.

Marsh, Julian S. (1987) Evolution of a strongly differentiated suite of phonolites from the Klinghardt Mountains, Namibia. Lithos, 20 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(87)90023-5

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

References:

ⓘ Kaersutite

Formula: NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂

References:

Kaiser, E. (Ed.). (1926). Die diamantenwüste Südwest-Afrikas: zugleich erläuterung zu einer geologischen spezialkarte der südlichen diamantfelder l: 25000 (Vol. 2). D. Reimer.

Kröner, A. (1973). Comments on “Is the African plate stationary?”. Nature, 243(5401), 29-30. doi.org/10.1038/243029a0

Lock, B. E., & Marsh, J. S. (1981). Tertiary phonolite volcanism in the Klinghardt mountains of South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 84(1), 1-6.

Marsh, Julian S. (1987) Evolution of a strongly differentiated suite of phonolites from the Klinghardt Mountains, Namibia. Lithos, 20 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(87)90023-5

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄

References:

Kaiser, E. (Ed.). (1926). Die diamantenwüste Südwest-Afrikas: zugleich erläuterung zu einer geologischen spezialkarte der südlichen diamantfelder l: 25000 (Vol. 2). D. Reimer.

Kröner, A. (1973). Comments on “Is the African plate stationary?”. Nature, 243(5401), 29-30. doi.org/10.1038/243029a0

Lock, B. E., & Marsh, J. S. (1981). Tertiary phonolite volcanism in the Klinghardt mountains of South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 84(1), 1-6.

Marsh, Julian S. (1987) Evolution of a strongly differentiated suite of phonolites from the Klinghardt Mountains, Namibia. Lithos, 20 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(87)90023-5

ⓘ 'Melilite Group'

Formula: Ca₂M(XSiO₇)

References:

Kaiser, E. (Ed.). (1926). Die diamantenwüste Südwest-Afrikas: zugleich erläuterung zu einer geologischen spezialkarte der südlichen diamantfelder l: 25000 (Vol. 2). D. Reimer.

Kröner, A. (1973). Comments on “Is the African plate stationary?”. Nature, 243(5401), 29-30. doi.org/10.1038/243029a0

Lock, B. E., & Marsh, J. S. (1981). Tertiary phonolite volcanism in the Klinghardt mountains of South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 84(1), 1-6.

Marsh, Julian S. (1987) Evolution of a strongly differentiated suite of phonolites from the Klinghardt Mountains, Namibia. Lithos, 20 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(87)90023-5

ⓘ Natrolite

Formula: Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O

References:

ⓘ Nepheline

Formula: Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)

References:

Kaiser, E. (Ed.). (1926). Die diamantenwüste Südwest-Afrikas: zugleich erläuterung zu einer geologischen spezialkarte der südlichen diamantfelder l: 25000 (Vol. 2). D. Reimer.

Kröner, A. (1973). Comments on “Is the African plate stationary?”. Nature, 243(5401), 29-30. doi.org/10.1038/243029a0

Lock, B. E., & Marsh, J. S. (1981). Tertiary phonolite volcanism in the Klinghardt mountains of South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 84(1), 1-6.

Marsh, Julian S. (1987) Evolution of a strongly differentiated suite of phonolites from the Klinghardt Mountains, Namibia. Lithos, 20 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(87)90023-5

ⓘ Pargasite

Formula: NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂

References:

Kaiser, E. (Ed.). (1926). Die diamantenwüste Südwest-Afrikas: zugleich erläuterung zu einer geologischen spezialkarte der südlichen diamantfelder l: 25000 (Vol. 2). D. Reimer.

Kröner, A. (1973). Comments on “Is the African plate stationary?”. Nature, 243(5401), 29-30. doi.org/10.1038/243029a0

Lock, B. E., & Marsh, J. S. (1981). Tertiary phonolite volcanism in the Klinghardt mountains of South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 84(1), 1-6.

Marsh, Julian S. (1987) Evolution of a strongly differentiated suite of phonolites from the Klinghardt Mountains, Namibia. Lithos, 20 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(87)90023-5

ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'

Formula: ADSi₂O₆

References:

ⓘ 'Rosenbuschite Group'

References:

ⓘ Sanidine

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

ⓘ Sodalite

Formula: Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl

References:

Kaiser, E. (Ed.). (1926). Die diamantenwüste Südwest-Afrikas: zugleich erläuterung zu einer geologischen spezialkarte der südlichen diamantfelder l: 25000 (Vol. 2). D. Reimer.

Kröner, A. (1973). Comments on “Is the African plate stationary?”. Nature, 243(5401), 29-30. doi.org/10.1038/243029a0

Lock, B. E., & Marsh, J. S. (1981). Tertiary phonolite volcanism in the Klinghardt mountains of South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 84(1), 1-6.

Marsh, Julian S. (1987) Evolution of a strongly differentiated suite of phonolites from the Klinghardt Mountains, Namibia. Lithos, 20 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(87)90023-5

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTi(SiO₄)O

References:

Kaiser, E. (Ed.). (1926). Die diamantenwüste Südwest-Afrikas: zugleich erläuterung zu einer geologischen spezialkarte der südlichen diamantfelder l: 25000 (Vol. 2). D. Reimer.

Kröner, A. (1973). Comments on “Is the African plate stationary?”. Nature, 243(5401), 29-30. doi.org/10.1038/243029a0

Lock, B. E., & Marsh, J. S. (1981). Tertiary phonolite volcanism in the Klinghardt mountains of South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 84(1), 1-6.

Marsh, Julian S. (1987) Evolution of a strongly differentiated suite of phonolites from the Klinghardt Mountains, Namibia. Lithos, 20 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(87)90023-5

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Dolomite	5.AB.10	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTi(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Eudialyte	9.CO.10	Na₁₅Ca₆Fe₃Zr₃Si(Si₂₅O₇₃)(O,OH,H₂O)₃(Cl,OH)₂
ⓘ	Diopside	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Aegirine-augite	9.DA.20	(Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Aegirine	9.DA.25	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Kaersutite	9.DE.15	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
ⓘ	Pargasite	9.DE.15	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Arfvedsonite	9.DE.25	[Na][Na₂][Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Aenigmatite	9.DH.40	Na₄[Fe²⁺₁₀Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
ⓘ	Nepheline	9.FA.05	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
ⓘ	Sanidine	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Sodalite	9.FB.10	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
ⓘ	Natrolite	9.GA.05	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Alkali Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Amphibole Supergroup'	-	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group'	-
ⓘ	'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Pyroxene Group'	-	ADSi₂O₆
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ	'Melilite Group'	-	Ca₂M(XSiO₇)
ⓘ	'Rosenbuschite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Alkali pyroxene'	-

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
H	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	[Na][Na₂][Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Eudialyte	Na₁₅Ca₆Fe₃Zr₃Si(Si₂₅O₇₃)(O,OH,H₂O)₃(Cl,OH)₂
H	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
H	ⓘ Pargasite	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
O	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	[Na][Na₂][Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Eudialyte	Na₁₅Ca₆Fe₃Zr₃Si(Si₂₅O₇₃)(O,OH,H₂O)₃(Cl,OH)₂
O	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
O	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
O	ⓘ Pargasite	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Sodalite	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
O	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
O	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
O	ⓘ Melilite Group	Ca₂M(XSiO₇)
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
F	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Na	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Na	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	[Na][Na₂][Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Eudialyte	Na₁₅Ca₆Fe₃Zr₃Si(Si₂₅O₇₃)(O,OH,H₂O)₃(Cl,OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Na	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Na	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Na	ⓘ Pargasite	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Sodalite	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Mg	ⓘ Pargasite	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Al	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Al	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Al	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Al	ⓘ Pargasite	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Sodalite	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Si	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	[Na][Na₂][Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Eudialyte	Na₁₅Ca₆Fe₃Zr₃Si(Si₂₅O₇₃)(O,OH,H₂O)₃(Cl,OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Si	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
Si	ⓘ Natrolite	Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀ · 2H₂O
Si	ⓘ Pargasite	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Sodalite	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Si	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Melilite Group	Ca₂M(XSiO₇)
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Cl	ⓘ Eudialyte	Na₁₅Ca₆Fe₃Zr₃Si(Si₂₅O₇₃)(O,OH,H₂O)₃(Cl,OH)₂
Cl	ⓘ Sodalite	Na₄(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂Cl
Cl	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Nepheline	Na₃K(Al₄Si₄O₁₆)
K	ⓘ Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Eudialyte	Na₁₅Ca₆Fe₃Zr₃Si(Si₂₅O₇₃)(O,OH,H₂O)₃(Cl,OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Ca	ⓘ Pargasite	NaCa₂(Mg₄Al)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂(OH)₂
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ca	ⓘ Melilite Group	Ca₂M(XSiO₇)
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Ti	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅((Si,Al,Ti)₈O₂₂)(OH,F,Cl,O)₂
Ti	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ti	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Aenigmatite	Na₄[Fe₁₀²⁺Ti₂]O₄[Si₁₂O₃₆]
Fe	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	[Na][Na₂][Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Eudialyte	Na₁₅Ca₆Fe₃Zr₃Si(Si₂₅O₇₃)(O,OH,H₂O)₃(Cl,OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Eudialyte	Na₁₅Ca₆Fe₃Zr₃Si(Si₂₅O₇₃)(O,OH,H₂O)₃(Cl,OH)₂

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Eocene : 37 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic Time

Rocks, Minerals and Events

37 Ma

Schwarzerberg Plug, Klinghardt Group, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia

Localities in this Region

Namibia

ǁKaras Region
- ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency
  - Klinghardt Group
    - Schwarzerberg Plug

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AfricaContinent

African PlateTectonic Plate

Gariep BeltOrogenic Belt
Southwest African Coastal basinBasin

Namibia

Tsau ǁKhaeb National ParkNational Park

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Kaiser, E. (Ed.). (1926). Die diamantenwüste Südwest-Afrikas: zugleich erläuterung zu einer geologischen spezialkarte der südlichen diamantfelder l: 25000 (Vol. 2). D. Reimer.

Kröner, A. (1973). Comments on “Is the African plate stationary?”. Nature, 243(5401), 29-30. doi.org/10.1038/243029a0

Lock, B. E., & Marsh, J. S. (1981). Tertiary phonolite volcanism in the Klinghardt mountains of South West Africa/Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 84(1), 1-6.

Marsh, Julian S. (1987) Evolution of a strongly differentiated suite of phonolites from the Klinghardt Mountains, Namibia. Lithos, 20 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1016/0024-4937(87)90023-5

Woolley, A. R. (2001) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 3: Africa - Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. The Geological Society of London.p.217

Marsh, J., Phillips, D., & Lock, B. (2010). 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Klinghardt and Stalhart Phonolites, Namibia, and Comments on the Evolution of the Klinghardt Volcanic Field. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 20, 1-8.

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Geochronology

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References

Klinghardt Group, ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency, ǁKaras Region, Namibia i
Regional Level Types
Klinghardt Group Volcanic Field
ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency Constituency
ǁKaras Region Region
Namibia Country