Crossite
A discredited species name
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About Crossite
Charles Whitman Cross
Colour:
Blue
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
6
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1894 by Charles Palache for Charles Whitman Cross [September 1, 1854 Southampton near Amherst, Massachusetts - April 20, 1949 Chevy Chase, Maryland]. Cross was a petrologist with the United States geological Survey and was widely regarded as the greatest field petrologist of his generation. He was important in classifying igneous rocks, etc.
Isostructural with:
A discontinued amphibole name.
Intermediate between the riebeckite group and the glaucophane group.
Ernst (1963) gives the formula Na2Mg1.5Fe2+1.5Al1.0Fe3+1.0Si8O22(OH)2.
Originally described from North Berkeley, Alameda Co., California, USA.
Intermediate between the riebeckite group and the glaucophane group.
Ernst (1963) gives the formula Na2Mg1.5Fe2+1.5Al1.0Fe3+1.0Si8O22(OH)2.
Originally described from North Berkeley, Alameda Co., California, USA.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1160
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1160:6
Similar Names
| Brossite | A variety of 'Iron-bearing Dolomite' [Dolomite] | Ca(Mg,Fe)(CO3)2 |
| Caresite | A valid IMA mineral species | Fe42+Al2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O |
| Corsite | A synonym of 'Napoleonite' | |
| Croisette | A synonym of Staurolite | |
| Crucite (of Delamétherie) | A synonym of 'Chiastolite' | |
| Crucite (of Thomson) | A synonym of 'Crucilite' | |
| Grossite | A valid IMA mineral species | CaAl4O7 |
| Krausite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | KFe(SO4)2 · H2O |
| Kyrosite | A synonym of 'Lonchidite' | |
| Rossite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | Ca(VO3)2 · 4H2O |
IMA Classification of Crossite
Discredited
Classification of Crossite
16.20.4
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
20 : Aluminosilicates of Fe, Mg and alkalis
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
20 : Aluminosilicates of Fe, Mg and alkalis
Physical Properties of Crossite
Optical Data of Crossite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.64 - 1.659 nβ = 1.645 - 1.666 nγ = 1.652 - 1.67
2V:
Measured: 12° to 65°, Calculated: 72° to 82°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.011 - 0.012
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
very strong
Crystallography of Crossite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Synonyms of Crossite
Other Language Names for Crossite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 104 photos of Crossite associated with Benitoite | BaTi(Si3O9) |
| 102 photos of Crossite associated with Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| 71 photos of Crossite associated with Neptunite | KNa2Li(Fe2+)2Ti2[Si4O12]2 |
| 45 photos of Crossite associated with Joaquinite-(Ce) | NaBa2Ce2FeTi2[Si4O12]2O2(OH,F) · H2O |
| 14 photos of Crossite associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| 8 photos of Crossite associated with Strontiojoaquinite | Sr2Ba2(Na,Fe)2Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH)2 · H2O |
| 6 photos of Crossite associated with Djurleite | Cu31S16 |
| 3 photos of Crossite associated with Jonesite | Ba4(K,Na)2Ti4Al2(Si3O9)2(SiO4)4O2 · 6H2O |
| 3 photos of Crossite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 3 photos of Crossite associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Crossite in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Crossite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1160.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Crossite
Reference List:
Brown, E. H. (1977) Phase equilibria among pumpellyite, lawsonite, epidote and associated minerals in low grade metamorphic rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 64 (2) 123-136 doi:10.1007/bf00371507(equilibria involving crossite)
BROWN, E. H. (1977) The Crossite Content of Ca-Amphibole as a Guide to Pressure of Metamorphism. Journal of Petrology, 18 (1) 53-72 doi:10.1093/petrology/18.1.53
Leake, B. E., Woolley, A. R., Arps, C. E. S., Birch, W. D., Gilbert, M. C., Grice, J. D., Hawthorne, F. C., Kato, A., Kisch, H. J., Krivovochev, V. G., Linthout, K., Laird, J., Mandarino, J. A., Maresch, W. V., Nickel, E.H., Rock, N. M. S., Schumacher, J. C., Smith, D. C., Stephenson, N. C. N., Ungaretti, L., Whittaker, E. J. W., Youzhi, Gou (1997) Nomenclature of amphiboles: report of the Subcommittee on Amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35 (1) 219-246
Localities for Crossite
Showing 101 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| Mink et al. (2015) |
Austria | |
| Heritsch (1965) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Exel (1993) |
Canada | |
| Ghent et al. (1990) |
China | |
| Huiwen Ye et al. (1994) |
| Huiwen Ye et al. (1994) | |
| Kapp et al. (2000) |
| Gao Jiu et al. (1999) |
| Jun Gao et al. (1995) |
| Xin Liu et al. (2013) |
| Lifei Zhang et al. (2001) | |
Czech Republic | |
| Beran (Ag, Au, Co) +2 other references |
France | |
| Chopin (1978) |
| Chopin (1978) |
| Abdel-Karim et al. (1989) | |
| Chauris (2014) |
| R. Pierrot |
| Desmons (1990) | |
Greece | |
| Xypolias et al. (2012) |
| Theye et al. (1991) |
| Franz et al. (1992) |
| Avigad et al. (1992) |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min. Spec. |
India | |
| Sahu (1976) |
| Sarkar et al. (1980) |
Indonesia | |
| Brouwer +2 other references |
| Brouwer +1 other reference |
Italy | |
| |
| Martin et al. (1989) |
| Martin et al. (1989) | |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) |
| Tribuzio R. (1992) |
| Wilhelm (1921) |
| Abdel-Karim et al. (1989) |
| Corno et al. (2022) |
| Corno et al. (2022) |
| Corno et al. (2022) | |
| den Tex (1987) |
| Azzaro E. et al. (1977) |
| Azzaro E. et al. (1977) | |
| Azzaro E. et al. (1977) | |
Jamaica | |
| Draper (1986) |
Japan | |
| Mineralogical Journal Vol. 13 (1986) |
| Watanabe et al. (1983) |
| Banno (1959) |
| Nishimura (1971) |
Namibia | |
| Verwoerd (1993) |
New Zealand | |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Cooper (1971) |
North Macedonia | |
| Maksimović et al. (1981) |
| Nikitin et al. (1938) |
Norway | |
| Hirajima et al. (1984) |
Papua New Guinea | |
| Worthing (1987) |
Portugal | |
| Ribeiro (1987) |
| Rui Nunes' mineral collection (2018) | |
| Ribeiro M.L. (1976) | |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Lemanski (n.d.) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Lemanski (n.d.) | |
South Korea | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
Sweden | |
| Lundegårdh (1953) |
Switzerland | |
| Bracke (n.d.) |
Taiwan | |
| |
Turkey | |
| Econ Geol (1984) |
| Econ Geol (1984) | |
| Econ Geol (1984) | |
| Okay (2002) |
UK | |
| Stephenson et al. (1999) |
Ukraine | |
| Cuney et al. (2012) |
| Cuney et al. (2012) | |
USA | |
| - (2008) |
| Smith (1906) |
| Switzer (1951) +3 other references | |
| Chesterman (1966b) +2 other references |
| Murdoch (1966) +2 other references |
| Palache (1894b) +3 other references |
| Reed (1928) +1 other reference |
| Woodford (1924) +2 other references |
| Bailey (1941a) +2 other references |
| Bailey (1941a) +2 other references | |
| Bloxam (1960) +3 other references |
| Murdoch (1966) +2 other references |
| Ernst (1965) +2 other references |
| Wise (1982) |
| Cooper et al. (2003) +1 other reference | |
| Wise et al. (1977) +1 other reference |
| on strontiojoaquinite specimen field ... | |
| its nature and origin: University of ... +3 other references | |
| its nature and origin: University of ... +3 other references |
| - (2005) |
| Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference |
| COLEMAN et al. (1963) +3 other references | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Carnein et al. (2005) |
| Frey et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
Mina Numero Uno, Picacho Peak, San Benito County, California, USA