Scholzite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Scholzite
Dr. Adolf Scholz
Formula:
CaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
Colour:
White or colourless
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous
Hardness:
3 - 3½
Specific Gravity:
3.11 - 3.13
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in 1949 by Hugo Strunz in honor of Adolph Scholz [1894-1950], chemist and mineral collector of Regensburg, Germany. The formula was revised by Strunz and Tennyson in 1956.
Co-Type Localities:
Dimorph of:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3576
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3576:3
Similar Names
| Schulzit | A synonym of Geocronite |
IMA Classification of Scholzite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
CaZn2+2(PO4)2·2H2O
First published:
1948
Type description reference:
Classification of Scholzite
8.CA.45
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
A : With small and large/medium cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
A : With small and large/medium cations
40.2.6.1
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2 : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2 : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O
19.6.7
19 : Phosphates
6 : Phosphates of Zn
19 : Phosphates
6 : Phosphates of Zn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Slz | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Scholzite
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
White or colourless
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3 - 3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
{100}
{100}
Density:
3.11 - 3.13 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.10 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Scholzite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.581 - 1.585 nβ = 1.586 - 1.587 nγ = 1.596 - 1.599
2V:
Measured: 33° to 70°, Calculated: 34° to 71°
Birefringence:
0.015
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.014 - 0.015
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r < v moderate; also r>v
Optical Extinction:
Parallel
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Scholzite
Mindat Formula:
CaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Scholzite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pbcm
Cell Parameters:
a = 17.14 Å, b = 22.19 Å, c = 6.61 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.772 : 1 : 0.298
Unit Cell V:
2,514.02 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
12
Morphology:
Bladed crystals, also elongated to acicular.
Comment:
Could be Pbc21
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014746 | Scholzite | Hill R J, Johnson J E, Jones J B (1973) Scholzite and other phosphate minerals from Reaphook Hill, South Australia Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1973 1-8 | 1973 | Reaphook Hill, South Australia, Australia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0011011 | Scholzite | Taxer K J (1992) Order-disorder and polymorphism of the compound with the composition of scholzite, CaZn2[PO4]2*2H2O Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 198 239-253 |  | 1992 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000476 | Scholzite | Taxer K J (1975) Structural investigations on scholzite American Mineralogist 60 1019-1022 | | 1975 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 8.55 Å | (100) |
| 4.53 Å | (30) |
| 4.300 Å | (60) |
| 3.404 Å | (40) |
| 3.182 Å | (30) |
| 2.805 Å | (70) |
| 1.909 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 22 : Hydration and low-? subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23) | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Geological Setting:
granite pegmatites
Type Occurrence of Scholzite
Co-Type Localities:
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
1) The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1961,14.
2) Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 102210.
3) National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 106411.
2) Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 102210.
3) National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 106411.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Late stage phosphate mineralization in a granite pegmatite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Scholzite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 27 photos of Scholzite associated with Cryptomelane | K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 |
| 26 photos of Scholzite associated with Hillite | Ca2Zn(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 19 photos of Scholzite associated with Parahopeite | Zn3(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 18 photos of Scholzite associated with Collinsite | Ca2Mg(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 14 photos of Scholzite associated with Chalcophanite | ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O |
| 12 photos of Scholzite associated with Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| 10 photos of Scholzite associated with Metaswitzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 9 photos of Scholzite associated with Tarbuttite | Zn2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8 photos of Scholzite associated with Phosphophyllite | Zn2Fe 2+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8 photos of Scholzite associated with Switzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 7H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.CA. | Apexite | NaMg(PO4) · 9H2O |
| 8.CA. | Brandãoite | BeAl2(PO4)2(OH)2(H2O)5 |
| 8.CA. | Davidlloydite | Zn3(AsO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CA.05 | Parafransoletite | Ca3Be2(PO4)2(PO3OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CA.05 | Fransoletite | Ca3Be2(PO4)2(PO3OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CA.10 | Ehrleite | Ca4Be3Zn2(PO4)6 · 9H2O |
| 8.CA.15 | Faheyite | Be2Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)4 · 6H2O |
| 8.CA.20 | Mccrillisite | NaCs(Be,Li)Zr2(PO4)4 · 1-2H2O |
| 8.CA.20 | Gainesite | Na(Na,K)(Be,Li)Zr2(PO4)4 · 1.5-2H2O |
| 8.CA.20 | Selwynite | NaK(Be,Al)Zr2(PO4)4 · 2H2O |
| 8.CA.25 | Pahasapaite | Li8(Ca,Li,K)10.5Be24(PO4)24 · 38H2O |
| 8.CA.30 | Nizamoffite | Mn2+Zn2(PO4)2(H2O)4 |
| 8.CA.30 | Arsenohopeite | Zn3(AsO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CA.30 | Hopeite | ZnZn2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CA.35 | Warikahnite | Zn3(AsO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CA.40 | Phosphophyllite | Zn2Fe 2+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CA.42 | Steinmetzite | Zn2Fe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| 8.CA.45 | Parascholzite | CaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 8.CA.50 | Keyite | Cu2+3Zn4Cd2(AsO4)6 · 2H2O |
| 8.CA.55 | Pushcharovskite | K0.6Cu18[AsO2(OH)2]4[AsO3OH]10(AsO4)(OH)9.6 · 18.6H2O |
| 8.CA.60 | Prosperite | Ca2Zn4(AsO4)4 · H2O |
| 8.CA.65 | Gengenbachite | KFe3+3(PO3OH)4[PO2(OH)2]2 · 6H2O |
| 8.CA.70 | Parahopeite | Zn3(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CA.70 | Reaphookhillite | MgZn2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CA.75 | Stergiouite | CaZn2(AsO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CA.80 | Limousinite | BaCa[Be4P4O16] · 6H2O |
| 8.CA.85 | Minjiangite | BaBe2(PO4)2 |
| 8.CA.85 | Wilancookite | (Ba5Li2◻)Ba6Be24P24O96 · 26H2O |
Fluorescence of Scholzite
Not fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Scholzite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3576.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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Mineral Dealers:
References for Scholzite
Reference List:
Strunz, H., Tennyson, Ch. (1956) Kristallographie von Scholzit, CaZn2[PO4]2· 2H2O. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 107 (4). 318-324 doi:10.1524/zkri.1956.107.4.318
Hill, R. J.; Johnson, J. E.; Jones, J. B. (1973) Scholzite and other phosphate minerals from Reaphook Hill, South Australia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 1973 (1). 1-8 doi:10.1127/njmm/1973/1973/1
Hill, R. J., Milnes, A. R. (1974) Phosphate minerals from Reaphook Hill, Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Mineralogical Magazine, 39 (306) 684-695 doi:10.1180/minmag.1974.039.306.06
Taxer, Karlheinz (1975) Structural investigations on scholzite. American Mineralogist, 60 (11-12) 1019-1022
Sturman, B. Darko, Rouse, Roland C., Dunn, Pete J. (1981) Parascholzite, a new mineral from Hagendorf, Bavaria, and its relationship to scholzite. American Mineralogist, 66 (7-8) 843-851
Taxer, Karlheinz (1992) Order-disorder and polymorphism of the compound with the composition of scholzite, CaZn2[PO4]2· 2H2O. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 198 (3). 239-255 doi:10.1524/zkri.1992.198.3-4.239
Taxer, K., Bartl, H. (1997) Die„geordnete gemittelte“ Kristallstruktur von Parascholzit. Zur Dimorphie von CaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O, Parascholzit – Scholzit. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 212 (3). 197-202 doi:10.1524/zkri.1997.212.3.197
Localities for Scholzite
Showing 24 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| |
| Birch et al. (1997) | |
| SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ... +1 other reference |
| Museum Victoria collection |
Belgium | |
| Fransolet et al. (1974) +3 other references |
China | |
| Lairen Lai and Nicheng Shi (1984) | |
| Shen (n.d.) |
Czech Republic | |
| Č +4 other references |
France | |
| Collection: Pascale & Daniel Journet |
Germany (TL) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Fortschr.Mineral. (1948) +2 other references | |
| Steinkamm et al. (1988) |
| Bender et al. (1994) |
Italy | |
| |
Namibia | |
| Borg et al. (2003) +2 other references |
Spain | |
| Calvo (2015) |
USA | |
| Jerry A. Baird |
| Photos in mindat galleries. Material ... |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Don & Cookie Saathoff collection |
| EDS-SEM. New Orleans University. 12/02 +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117. +1 other reference |
| Dietrich (1990) |
Zambia | |
| Korowski et al. (1980) |
Quick NavTopAbout ScholziteUnique IdentifiersSimilar NamesIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence Other LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Reaphook Hill, Martins Well, Pastoral Unincorporated Area, South Australia, Australia