Cordierite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Cordierite
Louis Cordier
Formula:
Mg2Al4Si5O18
Also given as (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18).n(H2O,CO2,Na+,K+);
X0-1(Mg,Fe,Li)2(Al,Si,Be)9O18 (X = H2O, CO2, Ar, Xe, Na, K); (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18).[Ch]X
X0-1(Mg,Fe,Li)2(Al,Si,Be)9O18 (X = H2O, CO2, Ar, Xe, Na, K); (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18).[Ch]X
Colour:
Grey, blue, blue-violet, greenish, yellowish brown; colourless to very light blue in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
7 - 7½
Specific Gravity:
2.6 - 2.66
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
After Pierre Louis Antoine Cordier (Abbeville, France 31 March 1777 - Paris, France 30 March 1861), French mining engineer and geologist, who first studied this species. He founded microscopic mineralogy and was head of the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle.
Dimorph of:
The Mg analogue of sekaninaite. Cordierite-Sekaninaite Series.
The hexagonal high-temperature dimorph of cordierite is indialite.
Cordierite is a high- to ultra-high-temperature species.
It is often found altered to pinite.
May be confused with members of the Osumilite Group.
The structure of cordierite and indialite is somewhat similar to that of beryl. As of April 2023 there's a new link between the two, in the form of beryllocordierite-Na and beryllosachanbińskiite-Na, which suggests a possible merge of the two "families" of compounds.
Microporous cordierite (and beryl) may contain some molecular N2 (Bebout et al., 2016). CO2, H2O, argon, and hydrocarbon (e.g., butane) guest-molecules are also found in the mineral's structural channels.
High temperature, low pressure cordierite in pyrometamorphic rocks is characterised by potassium enrichment and abnormal Al/Si ratios (e.g., Schreyer et al., 1990). Potassium is localized in structural channels (e.g., Daniels, 1992).
Presence of argon ("at the centre of large holes") and water (likely attached to walls of large cavities) is described, e.g., by Smith & Schreyer (1962), while aliphatic hydrocarbons (likely dominated by butane, also localized in channels, with molecular axes || b) are reported to occur (in pegmatitic material) by Khomenko and Langer (1999).
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Cordierite.
The hexagonal high-temperature dimorph of cordierite is indialite.
Cordierite is a high- to ultra-high-temperature species.
It is often found altered to pinite.
May be confused with members of the Osumilite Group.
The structure of cordierite and indialite is somewhat similar to that of beryl. As of April 2023 there's a new link between the two, in the form of beryllocordierite-Na and beryllosachanbińskiite-Na, which suggests a possible merge of the two "families" of compounds.
Microporous cordierite (and beryl) may contain some molecular N2 (Bebout et al., 2016). CO2, H2O, argon, and hydrocarbon (e.g., butane) guest-molecules are also found in the mineral's structural channels.
High temperature, low pressure cordierite in pyrometamorphic rocks is characterised by potassium enrichment and abnormal Al/Si ratios (e.g., Schreyer et al., 1990). Potassium is localized in structural channels (e.g., Daniels, 1992).
Presence of argon ("at the centre of large holes") and water (likely attached to walls of large cavities) is described, e.g., by Smith & Schreyer (1962), while aliphatic hydrocarbons (likely dominated by butane, also localized in channels, with molecular axes || b) are reported to occur (in pegmatitic material) by Khomenko and Langer (1999).
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Cordierite.Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1128
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1128:6
Similar Names
| Corderoite | A valid IMA mineral species | Hg32+S2Cl2 |
IMA Classification of Cordierite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Mg2Al3(Si5AlO18)
Classification of Cordierite
9.CJ.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
J : [Si6O18]12- 6-membered single rings (sechser-Einfachringe), without insular complex anions
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
J : [Si6O18]12- 6-membered single rings (sechser-Einfachringe), without insular complex anions
61.2.1.1
61 : CYCLOSILICATES Six-Membered Rings
2 : Six-Membered Rings with Al substituted rings
61 : CYCLOSILICATES Six-Membered Rings
2 : Six-Membered Rings with Al substituted rings
16.19.2
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
19 : Aluminosilicates of Fe and Mg
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
19 : Aluminosilicates of Fe and Mg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Crd | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Crd | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
| Crd | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Crd | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Crd | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of Cordierite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Cordierite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Grey, blue, blue-violet, greenish, yellowish brown; colourless to very light blue in transmitted light.
Comment:
Charles and others have explained the coloration mechanism of cordierite, stating that its blue color originates from the charge transfer between Fe2+ in the octahedral sites and Fe3+ in the T11 tetrahedral sites. Dudka et al. conducted precise X-ray diffraction analysis on cordierite, identifying the locations of metal cations Na+, H2O, and CO2 within the channels of cordierite. Pollak explained the sites of charge transfer in cordierite by examining the differences between infrared absorption bands along different crystallographic axes, providing a deeper explanation for its polychroism. However, specific studies on the spectral differences between different crystal axes are lacking. Duncan et al. measured the Mössbauer spectra of cordierite single crystals in different directions, determining the positions and occupancy rates of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions, suggesting that the exchange interaction between Fe3+ ions on the T1 sites and the six-fold sites is the source of cordierite’s polychroism. Raphaël et al. evaluated the spectroscopic properties of cordierite through TD-DFT, assessing the simulation of polychroism and the variation of color with different light sources. However, studies on the spectral differences along different crystallographic axes of cordierite and the content ratio of Fe2+ to Fe3+ are still lacking.
The sample’s refractive index and relative density are lower compared to iron cordierite, with an XMg range between 0.79 and 0.96. The Raman spectral characteristics are closer to those of pure Mg-cordierite, indicating that the samples are Mg-cordierite. The cordierite samples contain both Fe2+ and Fe3+ valence states, with an average ratio of 25.55% to 74.45%. The ultraviolet spectral characteristics of cordierite indicate that the difference in the broad absorption band at 584 nm is the key to cordierite’s strong pleochroism (deep purple/light purple/light yellow), caused by charge transfer between Fe2+ in the octahedron and Fe3+ in the tetrahedron. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy results reveal that differences in the Si-O group density in different directions cause variations in the spectral characteristics among the three optical principal axis directions of cordierite, with the greatest difference along the parallel b-axis, while the spectral characteristics of the other two directions are similar. Both infrared and Raman spectroscopy also prove the presence of a certain amount of Type I H2O and a small amount of Type II H2O in Mg-cordierite, with the band intensity of Type II H2O being directly proportional to the sample’s Na content.
The sample’s refractive index and relative density are lower compared to iron cordierite, with an XMg range between 0.79 and 0.96. The Raman spectral characteristics are closer to those of pure Mg-cordierite, indicating that the samples are Mg-cordierite. The cordierite samples contain both Fe2+ and Fe3+ valence states, with an average ratio of 25.55% to 74.45%. The ultraviolet spectral characteristics of cordierite indicate that the difference in the broad absorption band at 584 nm is the key to cordierite’s strong pleochroism (deep purple/light purple/light yellow), caused by charge transfer between Fe2+ in the octahedron and Fe3+ in the tetrahedron. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy results reveal that differences in the Si-O group density in different directions cause variations in the spectral characteristics among the three optical principal axis directions of cordierite, with the greatest difference along the parallel b-axis, while the spectral characteristics of the other two directions are similar. Both infrared and Raman spectroscopy also prove the presence of a certain amount of Type I H2O and a small amount of Type II H2O in Mg-cordierite, with the band intensity of Type II H2O being directly proportional to the sample’s Na content.
Hardness:
7 - 7½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
On {100}, fair; On {001} and {010}, poor.
On {100}, fair; On {001} and {010}, poor.
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
2.6 - 2.66 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.505 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Cordierite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.527 - 1.56 nβ = 1.532 - 1.574 nγ = 1.538 - 1.578
2V:
Measured: 75° to 89°, Calculated: 54° to 86°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.011 - 0.018
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Low (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r < v, weak to marked
Optical Extinction:
X = c; Y = a; Z = b.
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = Pale yellow, green; Y = Violet, blue-violet; Z = Light blue.
Comments:
Absorption: Z > Y > X.
Chemistry of Cordierite
Mindat Formula:
Mg2Al4Si5O18
Also given as (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18).n(H2O,CO2,Na+,K+);
X0-1(Mg,Fe,Li)2(Al,Si,Be)9O18 (X = H2O, CO2, Ar, Xe, Na, K); (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18).[Ch]X
Also given as (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18).n(H2O,CO2,Na+,K+);
X0-1(Mg,Fe,Li)2(Al,Si,Be)9O18 (X = H2O, CO2, Ar, Xe, Na, K); (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18).[Ch]X
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Mn,Fe,Ti,Ca,Na,K
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SiO2 | 49.63 % | 49.73 % | 49.71 % |
| Al2O3 | 34.40 % | 33.42 % | 33.56 % |
| Fe2O3 | 0.23 % | ||
| FeO | 1.53 % | 1.18 % | 3.98 % |
| MgO | 12.77 % | 12.86 % | 11.67 % |
| CaO | 0.61 % | ||
| Na2O | 0.30 % | 0.26 % | 0.03 % |
| H2O+ | 0.34 % | ||
| H2O | 1.96 % | ||
| CO2 | 0.17 % | ||
| Total: | 99.81 % | 99.58 % | 98.95 % |
Empirical formulas:
| Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
|---|---|
| 3 | (Mg1.74 Fe0.33)Al3.97Si4.98O18 |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ianakafy, Ianakafy, Betroka District, Anosy, Madagascar | ||
| 2 | Bjordammen, Bamble, Telemark, Norway | H2O + CO2 determined by wet chemical methods on mlneral separates. | |
| 3 | Kosavankovilpatti, Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India | Yadav, Roopali; Prakash, Divya; Kumar Rai, Swapnil; K. Yadav, Manoj; Kumar Singh, Pradip; Jaiswal, Srishti (2021) Decompression Textures in Garnet–Cordierite Gneiss from Kosavankovilpatti, Southern India: Constraints from Reaction Textures and Phase Equilibria Modelling. Geologica Carpathica, 72 (4). doi:10.31577/geolcarp.72.4.1 | cordierite from a granulite facies cordierite-garnet gneiss. EMPA analysis. |
Crystallography of Cordierite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Cccm
Setting:
Cccm
Cell Parameters:
a = 17.079(3) Å, b = 9.730(2) Å, c = 9.356(2) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.755 : 1 : 0.962
Unit Cell V:
1,554.77 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals short prismatic, striated parallel to [001]. Commonly granular to compact, massive.
Twinning:
Common on {110} and {130}, simple, lamellar, and cyclical.
Crystallographic forms of Cordierite
Crystal Atlas:
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Cordierite no.7 - {110} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Cordierite no.30 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0017555 | Cordierite | Sokol E V, Seryotkin Y V, Bul'bak T A (2010) Na-Li-Be-rich cordierite from the Murzinka pegmatite field, Middle Urals, Russia European Journal of Mineralogy 22 565-575 | 2010 | Murzinka pegmatite field, MIddle Ural Mountains, Russia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0007383 | Cordierite | Koepke J, Schulz H (1986) Single crystal structure investigations under high-pressure of the mineral cordierite with an improved high-pressure cell Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13 165-173 | 1986 | Zabargad island, Red Sea | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000769 | Cordierite | Wallace J H, Wenk H R (1980) Structure variation in low cordierites American Mineralogist 65 96-111 |  | 1980 | contact of Bergell granite, Switzerland | 0 | 293 |
| 0000768 | Cordierite | Wallace J H, Wenk H R (1980) Structure variation in low cordierites American Mineralogist 65 96-111 | | 1980 | SW Mte. Rosso, Bergell Alps, Switzerland | 0 | 293 |
| 0000767 | Cordierite | Wallace J H, Wenk H R (1980) Structure variation in low cordierites American Mineralogist 65 96-111 | | 1980 | Vallun Trubinasca, Bergell Alps, Switzerland | 0 | 293 |
| 0000766 | Cordierite | Wallace J H, Wenk H R (1980) Structure variation in low cordierites American Mineralogist 65 96-111 | | 1980 | Debris SW Cap Brasca, Bergell Alps, Switzerland | 0 | 293 |
| 0000765 | Cordierite | Wallace J H, Wenk H R (1980) Structure variation in low cordierites American Mineralogist 65 96-111 | | 1980 | Alpe Lera Sura, Bergell Alps, Switzerland | 0 | 293 |
| 0000764 | Cordierite | Wallace J H, Wenk H R (1980) Structure variation in low cordierites American Mineralogist 65 96-111 | | 1980 | Passo di Mello, Bergell Alps, Switzerland | 0 | 293 |
| 0000763 | Cordierite | Wallace J H, Wenk H R (1980) Structure variation in low cordierites American Mineralogist 65 96-111 | | 1980 | Passo di Mello, Bergell Alps, Switzerland | 0 | 293 |
| 0007384 | Cordierite | Koepke J, Schulz H (1986) Single crystal structure investigations under high-pressure of the mineral cordierite with an improved high-pressure cell Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13 165-173 | 1986 | Zabargad island, Red Sea | 0.3 | 293 | |
| 0007385 | Cordierite | Koepke J, Schulz H (1986) Single crystal structure investigations under high-pressure of the mineral cordierite with an improved high-pressure cell Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13 165-173 | 1986 | Zabargad island, Red Sea | 0.9 | 293 | |
| 0007386 | Cordierite | Koepke J, Schulz H (1986) Single crystal structure investigations under high-pressure of the mineral cordierite with an improved high-pressure cell Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13 165-173 | 1986 | Zabargad island, Red Sea | 1.2 | 293 | |
| 0007388 | Cordierite | Koepke J, Schulz H (1986) Single crystal structure investigations under high-pressure of the mineral cordierite with an improved high-pressure cell Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13 165-173 | 1986 | Zabargad island, Red Sea | 2.2 | 293 | |
| 0007387 | Cordierite | Koepke J, Schulz H (1986) Single crystal structure investigations under high-pressure of the mineral cordierite with an improved high-pressure cell Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13 165-173 | 1986 | Zabargad island, Red Sea | 2.3 | 293 | |
| 0000708 | Cordierite | Hochella M F, Brown G E, Ross F K, Gibbs G V (1979) High-temperature crystal chemistry of hydrous Mg- and Fe-cordierite American Mineralogist 64 337-351 | | 1979 | 0 | 297 | |
| 0002610 | Cordierite | Malcherek T, Domeneghetti M C, Tazzoli V, Ottolini L, McCammon C A, Carpenter M A (2001) Structural properties of ferromagnesian cordierites American Mineralogist 86 66-79 | | 2001 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002609 | Cordierite | Malcherek T, Domeneghetti M C, Tazzoli V, Ottolini L, McCammon C A, Carpenter M A (2001) Structural properties of ferromagnesian cordierites American Mineralogist 86 66-79 | | 2001 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002608 | Cordierite | Malcherek T, Domeneghetti M C, Tazzoli V, Ottolini L, McCammon C A, Carpenter M A (2001) Structural properties of ferromagnesian cordierites American Mineralogist 86 66-79 | | 2001 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002607 | Cordierite | Malcherek T, Domeneghetti M C, Tazzoli V, Ottolini L, McCammon C A, Carpenter M A (2001) Structural properties of ferromagnesian cordierites American Mineralogist 86 66-79 | | 2001 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002606 | Cordierite | Malcherek T, Domeneghetti M C, Tazzoli V, Ottolini L, McCammon C A, Carpenter M A (2001) Structural properties of ferromagnesian cordierites American Mineralogist 86 66-79 | | 2001 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002605 | Cordierite | Malcherek T, Domeneghetti M C, Tazzoli V, Ottolini L, McCammon C A, Carpenter M A (2001) Structural properties of ferromagnesian cordierites American Mineralogist 86 66-79 | | 2001 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002495 | Cordierite | Geiger C A, Armbruster T, Khomenko V, Quartieri S (2000) Cordierite I: The coordination of Fe2+ American Mineralogist 85 1255-1264 | | 2000 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002494 | Cordierite | Geiger C A, Armbruster T, Khomenko V, Quartieri S (2000) Cordierite I: The coordination of Fe2+ American Mineralogist 85 1255-1264 | | 2000 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002493 | Cordierite | Geiger C A, Armbruster T, Khomenko V, Quartieri S (2000) Cordierite I: The coordination of Fe2+ American Mineralogist 85 1255-1264 | | 2000 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0007857 | Cordierite | Schwartz K B, Leong D B, McConville R L (1994) Structural chemistry of synthetic cordierite: evidence for solid solutions and disordered compositional domains in Bi-flux-grown Mg-cordierites Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 563-574 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007856 | Cordierite | Schwartz K B, Leong D B, McConville R L (1994) Structural chemistry of synthetic cordierite: evidence for solid solutions and disordered compositional domains in Bi-flux-grown Mg-cordierites Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 563-574 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007854 | Cordierite | Schwartz K B, Leong D B, McConville R L (1994) Structural chemistry of synthetic cordierite: evidence for solid solutions and disordered compositional domains in Bi-flux-grown Mg-cordierites Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 563-574 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0001020 | Cordierite | Armbruster T (1986) Role of Na in the structure of low-cordierite: A single-crystal X-ray study American Mineralogist 71 746-757 | | 1986 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001019 | Cordierite | Armbruster T (1986) Role of Na in the structure of low-cordierite: A single-crystal X-ray study American Mineralogist 71 746-757 | | 1986 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001018 | Cordierite | Armbruster T (1986) Role of Na in the structure of low-cordierite: A single-crystal X-ray study American Mineralogist 71 746-757 | | 1986 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001017 | Cordierite | Armbruster T (1986) Role of Na in the structure of low-cordierite: A single-crystal X-ray study American Mineralogist 71 746-757 | | 1986 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0007368 | Cordierite | Armbruster T (1985) Ar, N2, CO2 in the structural cavities of cordierite, an optical and X-ray single-crystal study Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 12 233-245 | 1985 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007367 | Cordierite | Armbruster T (1985) Ar, N2, CO2 in the structural cavities of cordierite, an optical and X-ray single-crystal study Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 12 233-245 | 1985 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007366 | Cordierite | Armbruster T (1985) Ar, N2, CO2 in the structural cavities of cordierite, an optical and X-ray single-crystal study Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 12 233-245 | 1985 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007365 | Cordierite | Armbruster T (1985) Ar, N2, CO2 in the structural cavities of cordierite, an optical and X-ray single-crystal study Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 12 233-245 | 1985 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0000556 | Cordierite | Cohen J P, Ross F K, Gibbs G V (1977) An X-Ray and neutron diffraction study of hydrous low cordierite American Mineralogist 62 67-78 | | 1977 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000149 | Cordierite | Gibbs G V (1966) The polymorphism of cordierite I: The crystal structure of low cordierite American Mineralogist 51 1068-1087 | | 1966 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000706 | Cordierite | Hochella M F, Brown G E, Ross F K, Gibbs G V (1979) High-temperature crystal chemistry of hydrous Mg- and Fe-cordierite American Mineralogist 64 337-351 | | 1979 | 0 | 648 | |
| 0000707 | Cordierite | Hochella M F, Brown G E, Ross F K, Gibbs G V (1979) High-temperature crystal chemistry of hydrous Mg- and Fe-cordierite American Mineralogist 64 337-351 | | 1979 | 0 | 1048 | |
| 0002618 | Cordierite | Malcherek T, Domeneghetti M C, Tazzoli V, Ottolini L, McCammon C A, Carpenter M A (2001) Structural properties of ferromagnesian cordierites American Mineralogist 86 66-79 | | 2001 | 0 | 1173 | |
| 0002617 | Cordierite | Malcherek T, Domeneghetti M C, Tazzoli V, Ottolini L, McCammon C A, Carpenter M A (2001) Structural properties of ferromagnesian cordierites American Mineralogist 86 66-79 | | 2001 | 0 | 1173 | |
| 0002616 | Cordierite | Malcherek T, Domeneghetti M C, Tazzoli V, Ottolini L, McCammon C A, Carpenter M A (2001) Structural properties of ferromagnesian cordierites American Mineralogist 86 66-79 | | 2001 | 0 | 1173 | |
| 0002615 | Cordierite | Malcherek T, Domeneghetti M C, Tazzoli V, Ottolini L, McCammon C A, Carpenter M A (2001) Structural properties of ferromagnesian cordierites American Mineralogist 86 66-79 | | 2001 | 0 | 1173 | |
| 0002614 | Cordierite | Malcherek T, Domeneghetti M C, Tazzoli V, Ottolini L, McCammon C A, Carpenter M A (2001) Structural properties of ferromagnesian cordierites American Mineralogist 86 66-79 | | 2001 | 0 | 1173 | |
| 0002613 | Cordierite | Malcherek T, Domeneghetti M C, Tazzoli V, Ottolini L, McCammon C A, Carpenter M A (2001) Structural properties of ferromagnesian cordierites American Mineralogist 86 66-79 | | 2001 | 0 | 1173 | |
| 0002612 | Cordierite | Malcherek T, Domeneghetti M C, Tazzoli V, Ottolini L, McCammon C A, Carpenter M A (2001) Structural properties of ferromagnesian cordierites American Mineralogist 86 66-79 | | 2001 | 0 | 1173 | |
| 0002611 | Cordierite | Malcherek T, Domeneghetti M C, Tazzoli V, Ottolini L, McCammon C A, Carpenter M A (2001) Structural properties of ferromagnesian cordierites American Mineralogist 86 66-79 | | 2001 | 0 | 1173 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 8.45 Å | (100) |
| 8.52 Å | (95) |
| 3.039 Å | (65) |
| 3.035 Å | (65) |
| 3.132 Å | (55) |
| 3.012 Å | (55) |
| 4.09 Å | (50) |
Comments:
Synthetic
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration | 4.566-4.550 |
| 6 : Secondary asteroid phases | 4.566-4.560 |
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 8 : Mafic igneous rocks | |
| 10 : Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals | |
| Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust | >4.4-3.0 |
| 19 : Granitic intrusive rocks | |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 26 : Hadean detrital minerals | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 41 : Mantle metasomatism | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56) |
Geological Setting:
Thermally metamorphosed argillaceous sedimentary rocks; high-grade regionally metamorphosed schists, gneisses, and granulites; also in mafic igneous rocks and granites.
Type Occurrence of Cordierite
Synonyms of Cordierite
Other Language Names for Cordierite
Basque:Kordierita
Dutch:Cordieriet
Farsi/Persian:کوردیریت
Finnish:Kordieriitti
French:Cordiérite
Hebrew:קורדיאריט
Italian:Cordierite
Japanese:菫青石
Polish:Kordieryt
Russian:Кордиерит
Turkish:İyolit
Ukrainian:Кордієрит
Varieties of Cordierite
| Iolite | Name for gem-grade, violet-blue cordierite. |
Relationship of Cordierite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Cordierite Group:
| Ferroindialite | (Fe2+,Mg)2Al4Si5O18 | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc |
| Indialite | Mg2Al3(AlSi5O18) | Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mcc |
| Sachanbińskiite | NaMn4(Al5Be)(AlSi5O18)2 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cccm |
| Sekaninaite | Fe2+2Al4Si5O18 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cccm |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 81 photos of Cordierite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 16 photos of Cordierite associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| 15 photos of Cordierite associated with Almandine | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| 14 photos of Cordierite associated with Mullite | Al4+2xSi2-2xO10-x |
| 14 photos of Cordierite associated with Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| 13 photos of Cordierite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 12 photos of Cordierite associated with Osumilite-(Mg) | K◻2Mg2Al3[Al2Si10O30] |
| 11 photos of Cordierite associated with Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| 11 photos of Cordierite associated with 'Chlorophyllite' | |
| 10 photos of Cordierite associated with Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.CJ. | Zolotarevite | Na5Zr[Si6O15(OH)3] · 3H2O |
| 9.CJ. | 'Avdeevite' | NaAl4(Be5Li)(Si6O18)2(H2O)1-2 |
| 9.CJ. | 'Beryllocordierite-Na' | NaMg4(Al5Be)(AlSi5O18)2 · 2H2O |
| 9.CJ. | Sachanbińskiite | NaMn4(Al5Be)(AlSi5O18)2 · 2H2O |
| 9.CJ. | Nakkaalaaqite | K2[Na3Ca]LiCa2Ti2Be4Si12O38 |
| 9.CJ.05 | Johnkoivulaite-(Cs) | Cs[Be2B]Mg2Si6O18 |
| 9.CJ.05 | Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| 9.CJ.05 | Bazzite | Be3Sc2(Si6O18) |
| 9.CJ.05 | Ferroindialite | (Fe2+,Mg)2Al4Si5O18 |
| 9.CJ.05 va | 'Vorobyevite' | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| 9.CJ.05 | Stoppaniite | Be3Fe3+2(Si6O18) · H2O |
| 9.CJ.05 | Indialite | Mg2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
| 9.CJ.10 | Sekaninaite | Fe2+2Al4Si5O18 |
| 9.CJ.15a | Zirsinalite | Na6(Ca,Mn2+,Fe2+)Zr(Si6O18) |
| 9.CJ.15a | Kapustinite | Na6ZrSi6O16(OH)2 |
| 9.CJ.15a | Townendite | Na8ZrSi6O18 |
| 9.CJ.15a | Combeite | Na4.5Ca3.5Si6O17.5(OH)0.5 |
| 9.CJ.15a | Kazakovite | Na6Mn2+Ti(Si6O18) |
| 9.CJ.15a | Tisinalite | Na3H3(Mn,Ca,Fe)TiSi6(O,OH)18 · 2H2O |
| 9.CJ.15a | Lovozerite | Na2Ca(Zr,Ti)(Si6O12)[(OH)4O2] · H2O |
| 9.CJ.15a | Litvinskite | Na2(◻,Na,Mn)ZrSi6O12(OH,O)6 |
| 9.CJ.15c | Koashvite | Na6(Ca,Mn)(Ti,Fe)Si6O18 · H2O |
| 9.CJ.15b | Imandrite | Na12Ca3Fe3+2(Si6O18)2 |
| 9.CJ.25 | Baratovite | KCa7(Ti,Zr)2Li3Si12O36F2 |
| 9.CJ.25 | Aleksandrovite | KCa7Sn2Li3Si12O36F2 |
| 9.CJ.25 | Katayamalite | KLi3Ca7Ti2(SiO3)12(OH)2 |
| 9.CJ.30 | Dioptase | CuSiO3 · H2O |
| 9.CJ.35 | Kostylevite | K2Zr(Si3O9) · H2O |
| 9.CJ.40 | Petarasite | Na5Zr2(Si6O18)(Cl,OH) · 2H2O |
| 9.CJ.45 | Gerenite-(Y) | (Ca,Na)2(Y,REE)3Si6O18 · 2H2O |
| 9.CJ.50 | Odintsovite | K2Na4Ca3Ti2Be4Si12O38 |
| 9.CJ.55 | Mathewrogersite | Pb7FeAl3GeSi12O36(OH,H2O)6 |
| 9.CJ.60 | Pezzottaite-(Cs) | Cs(Be2Li)Al2(Si6O18) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Cordierite in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Cordierite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1128.html
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References for Cordierite
Reference List:
Rutherford, Ralph L. (1933) Optically positive cordierite from the Northwest Territories, Canada. American Mineralogist, 18 (5) 216
Conant, L. C. (1935) Optically positive cordierite from New Hampshire. American Mineralogist, 20 (4) 310
Rutherford, Ralph L. (1936) Optically positive cordierite in the Kisseyenew gneiss at Sherridon, Manitoba. American Mineralogist, 21 (6) 386-387
Folinsbee, Robert E. (1941) Optic properties of cordierite in relation to alkalies in the cordierite-beryl structure. American Mineralogist, 26 (8) 485-500
Shand, S. J. (1943) Notes on cordierite: (A) Cordierite crystals from a glass furnace; (B) Cordierite from Horns Nek, Transvaal. American Mineralogist, 28 (6) 391-395
Venkatesh, V. (1952) Development and growth of cordierite in para-lavas. American Mineralogist, 37 (9-10) 831-848
Miyashiro, A., Iiyama, T., Miyashiro, T., Yamasaki, M. (1955) The polymorphism of cordierite and indialite. American Journal of Science, 253 (4) 185-208 doi:10.2475/ajs.253.4.185
Miyashiro, A. (1957) Cordierite-indialite relations. American Journal of Science, 255 (1) 43-62 doi:10.2475/ajs.255.1.43
Smith, J. V., Schreyer, W. (1962) Location of argon and water in cordierite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 33 (258) 226-236 doi:10.1180/minmag.1962.033.258.05
Gibbs, G. V. (1966) The polymorphism of cordierite I: The crystal structure of low cordierite. American Mineralogist, 51 (7) 1068-1087
Hirschberg, Achim; Winkler, Helmut G. F. (1968) Stabilitätsbeziehungen zwischen Chlorit, Cordierit und Almandin bei der Metamorphose. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 18 (1). p.17-42. doi:10.1007/bf00371984
Langer, K.; Schreyer, W. (1969) Infrared and powder X-ray diffraction studies on the polymorphism of cordierite Mg2(Al4Si5O18). American Mineralogist, 54 (9-10). 1442-1459
Seifert, F.; Schreyer, W. (1970) Lower temperature stability limit of Mg cordierite in the range 1-7 kb water pressure: A redetermination. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 27 (3). 225-238 doi:10.1007/bf00385779
Velde, Bruce (1973) Phase Equilibria in the System MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O: Chlorites and Associated Minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 39 (303) 297-312 doi:10.1180/minmag.1973.039.303.06
Stout, James H. (1975) Apparent effects of molecular water on the lattice geometry of cordierite. American Mineralogist, 60 (3-4) 229-234
Stout, James H. (1976) Apparent effects of molecular water on the lattice geometry of cordierite: a reply. American Mineralogist, 61 (9-10) 1041-1044
Cohen, Janet P., Ross, Fred K., Gibbs, G. V. (1977) An X-ray and neutron diffraction study of hydrous low cordierite. American Mineralogist, 62 (1-2) 67-78
Hochella, Michael F., Brown, Gordon E., Ross, Fred K., Gibbs, G. V. (1979) High-temperature crystal chemistry of hydrous Mg- and Fe-cordierites. American Mineralogist, 64 (3-4) 337-351
Putnis, A. (1980) The distortion index in anhydrous Mg-Cordierite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 74 (2) 135-141 doi:10.1007/bf01131999
Selkregg, Kevin R., Bloss, F. Donald (1980) Cordierites: compositional controls of Δ, cell parameters, and optical properties. American Mineralogist, 65 (5-6) 522-533
Armbruster, Thomas, Bloss, F. D. (1981) Mg-cordierite: Si/Al ordering, optical properties, and distortion. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 77 (4) 332-336 doi:10.1007/bf00371562
Armbruster, Th., Schreyer, W., Hoefs, J. (1982) Very high CO2 cordierite from Norwegian Lapland: Mineralogy, petrology, and carbon isotopes. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 81 (4) 262-267 doi:10.1007/bf00371680
Armbruster, Th.; Irouschek, A. (1983) Cordierites from the Lepontine Alps: Na + Be → Al substitution, gas content, cell parameters, and optics. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 82 (4). 389-396 doi:10.1007/bf00399715
Zobina, L. D.; Semchenko, G. D.; Belik, Ya. G. (1983) Synthesis of cordierite and the technology of cordierite-containing articles. Refractories, 24 (1-2). p.72-75. doi:10.1007/bf01398766
Richet, Pascal, Bottinga, Yan (1984) Anorthite, andesine, wollastonite, diopside, cordierite and pyrope: thermodynamics of melting, glass transitions, and properties of the amorphous phases. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 67 (3) 415-432 doi:10.1016/0012-821x(84)90179-1
Putnis, Andrew; Fyfe, Colin A.; Gobbi, Gian C. (1985) Al,Si ordering on cordierite using "magic angle spinning" NMR. I. Si29 spectra of synthetic cordierites. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 12 (4). 211-216 doi:10.1007/bf00311290
Putnis, Andrew; Angel, Ross J. (1985) Al, Si ordering in cordierite using "magic angle spinning" NMR. II: models of aluminum-silicon order from NMR data. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 12 (4). 217-222 doi:10.1007/bf00311291
Putnis, Andrew, Salje, Ekhard, Redfern, Simon A. T., Fyfe, Colin A., Strobl, Harald (1987) Structural states of Mg-cordierite I: Order parameters from synchrotron X-ray and NMR data. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 14 (5) 446-454 doi:10.1007/bf00628822
Bhattacharya, A., Mazumdar, A. C., Sen, S. K. (1988) Fe-Mg mixing in cordierite: Constraints from natural data and implications for cordierite-garnet geothermometry in granulites. American Mineralogist, 73 (3-4) 338-344
Güttler, Bernd; Salje, Ekhard; Putnis, Andrew (1989) Structural states of Mg cordierite III: Infrared spectroscopy and the nature of the hexagonal-modulated transition. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 16 (4). 365-373 doi:10.1007/bf00199557
Redfern, S. A. T., Salje, E., Maresch, W., Schreyer, W. (1989) X-ray powder-diffraction and infrared study of the hexagonal to orthorhombic phase transition in K-bearing cordierite. American Mineralogist, 74 (11-12) 1293-1299
Schreyer, W.; Maresch, W. V.; Daniels, P.; Wolfsdorff, P. (1990) Potassic cordierites: characteristic minerals for high-temperature, very low-pressure environments. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 105 (2). 162-172 doi:10.1007/bf00678983
Daniels, Peter (1992) Structural effects of the incorporation of large radius alkalis in high cordierite. American Mineralogist, 77 (3-4) 407-411
Daniels, P., Maresch, W. V., Schreyer, W., Sahl, K. (1992) Electron optical and X-ray powder diffraction study of synthetic and natural potassic cordierites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 111 (4) 484-492 doi:10.1007/bf00320903
Kihle, Jan (1993) Cordieritt-Bamble-sektorens gåtefulle blå mineral, in Telemark I. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 20 (2) 88-94
Carrington, D. P.; Harley, S. L. (1996) Cordierite as a monitor of fluid and melt H2O contents in the lower crust: An experimental calibration. Geology, 24 (7). 647-650 doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0647:caamof>2.3.co;2
Khomenko, Vladimir M.; Langer, Klaus (1999) Aliphatic hydrocarbons in structural channels of cordierite: A first evidence from polarized single-crystal IR-absorption spectroscopy. American Mineralogist, 84 (7-8). 1181-1185 doi:10.2138/am-1999-7-822
Geiger, Charles A., Rager, Helmut, Czank, Michael (2000) Cordierite III: the site occupation and concentration of Fe3+. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 140 (3) 344-352 doi:10.1007/s004100000194
Kolesov, B.A., Geiger, C.A. (2000) Cordierite II: The role of CO2 and H2O. American Mineralogist, 85 (9). 1265-1274 doi:10.2138/am-2000-8-919
Geiger, Charles A., Armbruster, Thomas, Khomenko, Vladimir, Quartieri, Simona (2000) Cordierite I: The coordination of Fe2+. American Mineralogist, 85 (9) 1255-1264 doi:10.2138/am-2000-8-918
Taran, Michael N., Rossman, George R. (2001) Optical spectroscopic study of tuhualite and a re-examination of the beryl, cordierite, and osumilite spectra. American Mineralogist, 86 (9) 973-980 doi:10.2138/am-2001-8-903
Tamborenea, S., Mazzoni, A.D., Aglietti, E.F. (2004) Mechanochemical activation of minerals on the cordierite synthesis. Thermochimica Acta, 411. 219-224 doi:10.1016/j.tca.2003.08.017
Bertoldi, Christian, Proyer, Alexander, Garbe-Schönberg, Dieter, Behrens, Harald, Dachs, Edgar (2004) Comprehensive chemical analyses of natural cordierites: implications for exchange mechanisms. Lithos, 78 (4) 389-409 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2004.07.003
Yakubovich, O. V., Massa, V., Pekov, I. V., Gavrilenko, P. G., Chukanov, N. V. (2004) Crystal structure of the Na-, Ca-, Be-cordierite and crystallochemical regularities in the cordierite—sekaninaite series. Crystallography Reports, 49 (6) 953-963 doi:10.1134/1.1828139
Kaindl, Reinhard, Tropper, Peter, Deibl, Irene (2006) A semi-quantitative technique for determination of CO2 in cordierite by Raman spectroscopy in thin sections. European Journal of Mineralogy, 18 (3) 331-335 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0331
Sokol, Ella V., Seryotkin, Yurii V., Bul'bak, Taras A. (2010) Na-Li-Be-rich cordierite from the Murzinka pegmatite field, Middle Urals, Russia. European Journal of Mineralogy, 22 (4) 565-575 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2010/0022-2013
Ventura, Giancarlo Della, Radica, Francesco, Bellatreccia, Fabio, Cavallo, Andrea, Capitelli, Francesco, Harley, Simon (2012) Quantitative analysis of H2O and CO2 in cordierite using polarized FTIR spectroscopy. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 164 (5) 881-894 doi:10.1007/s00410-012-0779-8
Cruz, María Dolores Ruiz, Bentabol, María (2013) NITROGEN-BEARING CORDIERITE AND TOBELITE IN META-RHYOLITES FROM THE CEUTA ZONE (RIF BELT, SPAIN): EVIDENCE FOR MOBILITY OF NITROGEN IN THE CONTINENTAL CRUST. The Canadian Mineralogist, 51 (5) 689-704 doi:10.3749/canmin.51.5.689
Miletich, R., Scheidl, K. S., Schmitt, M., Moissl, A. P., Pippinger, T., Gatta, G. D., Schuster, B., Trautmann, C. (2014) Static elasticity of cordierite I: Effect of heavy ion irradiation on the compressibility of hydrous cordierite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 41 (8) 579-591 doi:10.1007/s00269-014-0671-3
Hövelmann, J.; Austrheim, H.; Putnis, A. (2014) Cordierite formation during the experimental reaction of plagioclase with Mg-rich aqueous solutions. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 168 (3). 1-13 doi:10.1007/s00410-014-1063-x
Bebout, Gray E., Lazzeri, Kris E., Geiger, Charles A. (2016) Pathways for nitrogen cycling in Earth’s crust and upper mantle: A review and new results for microporous beryl and cordierite. American Mineralogist, 101 (1) 7-24 doi:10.2138/am-2016-5363
Bruno, Giovanni, Vogel, Sven C. (2017) Simultaneous determination of high-temperature crystal structure and texture of synthetic porous cordierite. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 50 (3). 749-762 doi:10.1107/s160057671700406x
de Roever, Emond W. F.; Harley, Simon L.; Huizenga, Jan M. (2023) Primary cordierite with > 2.5 wt% CO2 from the UHT Bakhuis Granulite Belt, Surinam: CO2 fluid phase saturation during ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 178 (4). 26 doi:10.1007/s00410-023-02003-1
Localities for Cordierite
Showing 1,421 localities.
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The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
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? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
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(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
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All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Thompson Nickel Belt, Manitoba, Canada