Goethite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Goethite
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Formula:
Fe3+O(OH)
Previously α-Fe#3+#O(OH)
Colour:
Brownish black, yellow-brown, reddish brown
Lustre:
Adamantine, Silky, Metallic, Dull
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Specific Gravity:
4.27 - 4.29
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1806 by Johann Georg Lenz in honor of the German poet, novelist, playwrighter, philosopher, politician, and geoscientist Johann Wolfgang von Goethe [August 28, 1749, Frankfurt, Germany – March 22, 1832, Weimar, Germany]. Goethe was Chief Minister of State of Weimar.
Type Locality:
Polymorph of:
The most common simple iron oxide mineral. A weathering product of numerous iron-bearing minerals.
Goethite may crystallize from a precursor - called 'proto-goethite' (not an approved mineral species). Can also form due to mineralization of lichen (Parmelia conspersa) thalli on metamorphics (e.g., gneisses), granites, feldspars.
Sulfidation of goethite into mackinawite and pyrrhotite is described by Wang et al. (2015); the process is inactive in the CH4 atmosphere but is triggered by the addition of CO2.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Goethite.
Goethite may crystallize from a precursor - called 'proto-goethite' (not an approved mineral species). Can also form due to mineralization of lichen (Parmelia conspersa) thalli on metamorphics (e.g., gneisses), granites, feldspars.
Sulfidation of goethite into mackinawite and pyrrhotite is described by Wang et al. (2015); the process is inactive in the CH4 atmosphere but is triggered by the addition of CO2.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Goethite.Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1719
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1719:6
Similar Names
| Göthit (of Lenz) | A synonym of Lepidocrocite |
IMA Classification of Goethite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Type description reference:
Classification of Goethite
4.FD.10
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
D : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
D : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
6.1.1.2
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
1 : XO(OH)
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
1 : XO(OH)
7.20.5
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Gth | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Gt | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
| Gt | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Gth | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Gt | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
| Gth | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Pronunciation of Goethite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Goethite
Adamantine, Silky, Metallic, Dull
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Brownish black, yellow-brown, reddish brown
Streak:
Yellowish brown, orange-yellow, ocher-yellow
Hardness:
5 - 5½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=667 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{010}; {100} less perfect.
{010}; {100} less perfect.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.27 - 4.29 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.18 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Goethite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 2.260 - 2.275 nβ = 2.393 - 2.409 nγ = 2.393 - 2.409
2V:
Calculated: 20°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.133 - 0.134
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Anisotropism:
Distinct; in bluish grays
Dispersion:
relatively strong r>v
Optical Extinction:
X = b; Y = c; Z = a.
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 17.5% | 19.2% |
| 420nm | 16.7% | 18.3% |
| 440nm | 15.9% | 17.4% |
| 460nm | 15.2% | 16.7% |
| 480nm | 14.6% | 16.0% |
| 500nm | 14.1% | 15.5% |
| 520nm | 13.7% | 15.0% |
| 540nm | 13.3% | 14.6% |
| 560nm | 13.0% | 14.3% |
| 580nm | 12.8% | 14.0% |
| 600nm | 12.5% | 13.7% |
| 620nm | 12.4% | 13.5% |
| 640nm | 12.2% | 13.4% |
| 660nm | 12.0% | 13.2% |
| 680nm | 12.0% | 13.1% |
| 700nm | 11.9% | 13.0% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 19.2%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Gray with bluish tint
Internal Reflections:
Yellow, red, brown
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = red b/yellow b = clear yellow
Y = red a/yellow c = brown-yellow
Z = red c/yellow a = orange-yellow
Y = red a/yellow c = brown-yellow
Z = red c/yellow a = orange-yellow
Comments:
Absorption: Z > Y > X.
Chemistry of Goethite
Mindat Formula:
Fe3+O(OH)
Previously α-Fe#3+#O(OH)
Previously α-Fe#3+#O(OH)
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Mn
Crystallography of Goethite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnma
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.608 Å, b = 9.956 Å, c = 3.0215 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.463 : 1 : 0.303
Unit Cell V:
138.62 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Prismatic [001] and striated [001]; also flattened into tablets or scales on {010}. Velvety aggregates of capillary crystals to acicular [001] and long prismatic forms often radially grouped. Massive, reniform, botryoidal, stalactitic. Bladed or columnar. Compact or fibrous concretionary nodules. Oolitic.
Twinning:
Apparently none reported, but see https://www.mindat.org/mesg-631125.html and compare twinning in isostructural diaspore.
Comment:
Non-standard space-group setting Pbnm.
Crystallographic forms of Goethite
Crystal Atlas:
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Goethite no.4 - {110} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Goethite no.29 - {110} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by
www.smorf.nl.
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Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0004542 | Goethite | Alvarez M, Sileo E E, Rueda E H (2008) Structure and reactivity of synthetic Co-substituted goethites American Mineralogist 93 584-590 |  | 2008 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0004541 | Goethite | Alvarez M, Sileo E E, Rueda E H (2008) Structure and reactivity of synthetic Co-substituted goethites American Mineralogist 93 584-590 | | 2008 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0004540 | Goethite | Alvarez M, Sileo E E, Rueda E H (2008) Structure and reactivity of synthetic Co-substituted goethites American Mineralogist 93 584-590 | | 2008 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0004539 | Goethite | Alvarez M, Sileo E E, Rueda E H (2008) Structure and reactivity of synthetic Co-substituted goethites American Mineralogist 93 584-590 | | 2008 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0004538 | Goethite | Alvarez M, Sileo E E, Rueda E H (2008) Structure and reactivity of synthetic Co-substituted goethites American Mineralogist 93 584-590 | | 2008 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0010471 | Goethite | Yang H, Lu R, Downs R T, Costin G (2006) Goethite, alpha-FeO(OH), from single-crystal data Acta Crystallographica E62 i250-i252 |  | 2006 | Park County, Colorado, USA | 0 | 293 |
| 0010571 | Goethite | Hoppe W (1940) Uber die kristallstruktur von alpha-AlOOH (diaspore) und alpha-Fe OOH(nadeleisenerz) Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 103 73-89 | | 1940 | Synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0002226 | Goethite | Gualtieri A, Venturelli P (1999) In situ study of the goethite-hematite phase transformation by real time synchrotron powder diffraction American Mineralogist 84 895-904 | | 1999 | 0 | 298 | |
| 0003165 | Goethite | Nagai T, Kagi H, Yamanaka T (2003) Variation of hydrogen bonded O...O distances in goethite at high pressure American Mineralogist 88 1423-1427 | | 2003 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0016645 | Goethite | Hazemann J, Berar J, Manceau A (1991) Rietveld studies of the aluminium-iron substitution in synthetic goethite _cod_database_code 1008768 Materials Science Forum 79 821-826 | 1991 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0016644 | Goethite | Hazemann J, Berar J, Manceau A (1991) Rietveld studies of the aluminium-iron substitution in synthetic goethite _cod_database_code 1008767 Materials Science Forum 79 821-826 | 1991 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0016643 | Goethite | Hazemann J, Berar J, Manceau A (1991) Rietveld studies of the aluminium-iron substitution in synthetic goethite _cod_database_code 1008766 Materials Science Forum 79 821-826 | 1991 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0017983 | Goethite | Goldsztaub M (1935) Etude de quelques derives de l'oxyde ferrique (Fe O * O H, Fe O2 Na, Fe O Cl) determination de leurs structures. _cod_database_code 1011087 Bulletin de la Societe Francaise de Mineralogie 58 6-76 | 1935 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0002227 | Goethite | Gualtieri A, Venturelli P (1999) In situ study of the goethite-hematite phase transformation by real time synchrotron powder diffraction American Mineralogist 84 895-904 | | 1999 | 0 | 429 | |
| 0003166 | Goethite | Nagai T, Kagi H, Yamanaka T (2003) Variation of hydrogen bonded O...O distances in goethite at high pressure American Mineralogist 88 1423-1427 | | 2003 | 0.5 | 293 | |
| 0003167 | Goethite | Nagai T, Kagi H, Yamanaka T (2003) Variation of hydrogen bonded O...O distances in goethite at high pressure American Mineralogist 88 1423-1427 | | 2003 | 2.8 | 293 | |
| 0003168 | Goethite | Nagai T, Kagi H, Yamanaka T (2003) Variation of hydrogen bonded O...O distances in goethite at high pressure American Mineralogist 88 1423-1427 | | 2003 | 6.3 | 293 | |
| 0003169 | Goethite | Nagai T, Kagi H, Yamanaka T (2003) Variation of hydrogen bonded O...O distances in goethite at high pressure American Mineralogist 88 1423-1427 | | 2003 | 9 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.98 Å | (12) |
| 4.183 Å | (100) |
| 2.693 Å | (35) |
| 2.450 Å | (50) |
| 2.253 Å | (14) |
| 2.190 Å | (18) |
| 1.7192 Å | (20) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 14 : Hot springs, geysers, and other subaerial geothermal minerals | |
| 17 : Marine authigenic Hadean minerals (see also #24) | |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 24 : Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments (see also #17) | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] | |
| 47i : [Terrestrial weathering of meteorites] | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 48 : Soil leaching zone minerals | <0.6 |
| 49 : Oxic cellular biomineralization (see also #44) | <0.54 |
| 53 : Other minerals with taphonomic origins | <0.4 |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals | |
| 57 : Other minerals formed by human processes |
Geological Setting:
Common weathering product, primary hydrothermal mineral, bog and marine environments.
Type Occurrence of Goethite
Synonyms of Goethite
Brauneisenerz (in part)
Braun-Eisenstein (in part)
Brown Hematite (in part)
Brown Iron Ore (in part)
Brown Ironstone (in part)
Conchilites (in part)
Other Language Names for Goethite
Basque:Goethita
Catalan:Goethita
Croatian:Getit
Czech:Goethit
Dutch:Goethiet
Estonian:Götiit
Finnish:Götiitti
German:Goethit
Aëtit
Allcharit
α-Goethit
Fullonit
Götheit
Göthit
Haarförminge Brauneisenstein
Haarförminger Brauneisenstein
Hydrohämatit
Mesabit
Nadeleisenerz
Prismatisches Eisenerz
Prismatisches Nadeleisenerz
Samteisenerz
Schwarzer Glaskopf
Yanthosiderit
Aetit (in part)
Brauner Glaskopf (in part)
Kupferbräune (in part)
Aëtit
Allcharit
α-Goethit
Fullonit
Götheit
Göthit
Haarförminge Brauneisenstein
Haarförminger Brauneisenstein
Hydrohämatit
Mesabit
Nadeleisenerz
Prismatisches Eisenerz
Prismatisches Nadeleisenerz
Samteisenerz
Schwarzer Glaskopf
Yanthosiderit
Aetit (in part)
Brauner Glaskopf (in part)
Kupferbräune (in part)
Hebrew:גתיט
Hungarian:Goethit
Japanese:針鉄鉱
Lithuanian:Getitas
Polish:Goethyt
Romanian:Goetit
Russian:Гётит
Serbian:Гетит
Simplified Chinese:针铁矿
Slovak:Goethit
Swedish:Goethit
Thai:เกอไทต์
Ukrainian:Ґетит
Varieties of Goethite
| Alumogoethite | Al-bearing goethite. |
| Ehrenwerthite | A name for goethite pseudomorphs after pyrite. |
| Sammetblende | A fuzzy variety of goethite with a velvety luster created by carpets of microscopic acicular crystals forming crusts or balls. The name is derived from the German word for "velvet" and is often used for this variety in Germany and Bohemia. A more modern s... |
| Sammtblende | A fuzzy variety of goethite with a velvety luster created by carpets of microscopic acicular crystals forming crusts or balls. The name is derived from the German word for "velvet" and is often used for this variety in Germany and Bohemia. A more modern s... |
| Samtblende | A fuzzy variety of goethite with a velvety luster created by carpets of microscopic acicular crystals forming crusts or balls. The name is derived from the German word for "velvet" and is often used for this variety in Germany and Bohemia. |
| Wood Iron (Goethite) | Fibrous varieties of goethite. See also Wood Iron (Siderite): fibrous siderite |
Relationship of Goethite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Diaspore Group:
| Bracewellite | CrO(OH) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Diaspore | AlO(OH) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Groutite | Mn3+O(OH) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma |
| Montroseite | (V3+,Fe3+)O(OH) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Tsumgallite | GaO(OH) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2,422 photos of Goethite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 1,311 photos of Goethite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 998 photos of Goethite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 742 photos of Goethite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 493 photos of Goethite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 493 photos of Goethite associated with 'Limonite' | |
| 438 photos of Goethite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 325 photos of Goethite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 265 photos of Goethite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 253 photos of Goethite associated with 'Smoky Quartz' | SiO2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.FD.05 | Spertiniite | Cu(OH)2 |
| 4.FD.10 | Diaspore | AlO(OH) |
| 4.FD.10 | Montroseite | (V3+,Fe3+)O(OH) |
| 4.FD.10 | Tsumgallite | GaO(OH) |
| 4.FD.10 | Groutite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| 4.FD.10 | Bracewellite | CrO(OH) |
| 4.FD.10 | Guyanaite | CrO(OH) |
| 4.FD.15 | Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| 4.FD.20 | Yttrotungstite-(Y) | YW2O7(OH) · H2O |
| 4.FD.20 | Yttrotungstite-(Ce) | CeW2O7(OH) · H2O |
| 4.FD.25 | Frankhawthorneite | Cu2Te6+O4(OH)2 |
| 4.FD.30 | 'Khinite-3T' | Pb2+Cu2+3Te6+O6(OH)2 |
| 4.FD.30 | Housleyite | Pb6CuTe6+4O18(OH)2 |
| 4.FD.30 | Khinite | Pb2+Cu2+3[Te6+O6](OH)2 |
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Heated in a closed tube, gives off water.
Notes:
Soluble in HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Iron ore
Goethite in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Goethite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1719.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Goethite
Reference List:
Spencer, L. J. (1919) Mineralogical characters of Turite ( = turgite) and some other iron-ores from Nova Scotia. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 18 (86) 339-348 doi:10.1180/minmag.1919.018.86.05
Hoppe, W. (1941) Über die Kristallstruktur von α-AlOOH (Diaspor) und α-FeOOH (Nadeleisenerz). Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 103 (1-6). 73-89 doi:10.1524/zkri.1941.103.1.73
Schwarzmann, Einhard (1962) Zusammenhang zwischen OH‐Valenzfrequenzen und OH…OH‐ bzw. OH…OH‐Abständen in festen Hydroxiden. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 317 (3-4). 176-185 doi:10.1002/zaac.19623170305
Szytuła, A., Burewicz, A., Dimitrijević, Ž., Kraśnicki, S., Rżany, H., Todorović, J., Wanic, A., Wolski, W. (1968) Neutron Diffraction Studies of α-FeOOH. physica status solidi (b), 26 (2). 429-434 doi:10.1002/pssb.19680260205
Gualtieri, Alessandro F.; Venturelli, Paolo (1999) In situ study of the goethite-hematite phase transformation by real time synchrotron powder diffraction. American Mineralogist, 84 (5). p.895-904.
Frankel, R. B. (2003) Biologically Induced Mineralization by Bacteria. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 54 (1). 95-114 doi:10.2113/0540095
BURFORD, EUAN P., KIERANS, MARTIN, GADD, GEOFFREY M. (2003) Geomycology: fungi in mineral substrata. Mycologist, 17 (3). 98-107 doi:10.1017/s0269915x03003112
Yang, Hexiong, Lu, Ren, Downs, Robert T., Costin, Gelu (2006) Goethite, α-FeO(OH), from single-crystal data. Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, 62 (12). i250-i252 doi:10.1107/s1600536806047258
de Faria, D.L.A.; Lopes, F.N. (2007) Heated goethite and natural hematite: Can Raman spectroscopy be used to differentiate them? Vibrational Spectroscopy, 45 (2). 117-121 doi:10.1016/j.vibspec.2007.07.003
www.mineralienatlas.de (2008) https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/Mineralienportrait/Goethit
Chen, Y.H. (2013) Thermal properties of nanocrystalline goethite, magnetite, and maghemite. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 553. 194-198 doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.11.102
Wang, Menghan, Chou, I-Ming, Lu, Wanjun, De Vivo, Benedetto (2015) Effects of CH4 and CO2 on the sulfidization of goethite and magnetite: an in situ Raman spectroscopic study in high-pressure capillary optical cells at room temperature. European Journal of Mineralogy, 27 (2) 193-201 doi:10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2432
Vining, Keith (2017) Understanding the effects of goethitic iron ore. https://research.csiro.au/resourcesandsustainability/goethitic-ore-classification/
Significant localities for Goethite
Showing 31 significant localities out of 10,014 recorded on mindat.org.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
China | |
| Zhaoxia Qiu (1989) +2 other references |
Colombia | |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
France | |
| Baillargeat (1981) +1 other reference |
| MAURY (S) |
Germany (TL) | |
| Overkott et al. (2007) |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
Ireland | |
| |
| Stephen Moreton Collection |
Italy | |
| Giannetti (1873) +1 other reference |
| Giannetti (1873) +1 other reference |
| |
Norway | |
| Goldschmidt (1911) |
Portugal | |
| Betts (n.d.) |
Slovakia | |
| Grecula (1995) |
South Africa | |
| Robert O. Meyer collection +9 other references |
Spain | |
| Calvo Rebollar (2009) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2009) +1 other reference |
| Calvo (1999) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| Benjamin Shacar Collection |
| Shepard (1837) |
| Hobbs (1907) +1 other reference |
| Powell (1987) |
| Moritz (n.d.) | |
| Mike Polletta specimen |
| Vener (1987) | |
| Newland (1919) |
| Steve Adams +1 other reference |
| The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania 1922 +1 other reference |
| |
| Eric He's Collection +1 other reference |
| Mustoe et al. (1996) |
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Mních deposit, Rožňavské Bystré, Rožňava District, Košice Region, Slovakia