Tsumgallite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Tsumgallite
Formula:
GaO(OH)
Colour:
Pale greenish yellow to beige
Lustre:
Pearly
Hardness:
1 - 2
Specific Gravity:
5.08 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named for the type locality, the TSUMcor Mine, Tsumeb, Namibia, and the chemical composition, which contains GALLium.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
11481
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:11481:3
IMA Classification of Tsumgallite
Approved
IMA Formula:
GaOOH
Approval year:
2002
First published:
2003
Classification of Tsumgallite
4.FD.10
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
D : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
D : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Tgl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Tsumgallite
Pearly
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Pale greenish yellow to beige
Streak:
White
Hardness:
1 - 2 on Mohs scale
Comment:
Soft
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {010}
on {010}
Density:
5.08 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Tsumgallite
Type:
Biaxial
Comments:
n(calc.) = 1.96-1.97
Chemistry of Tsumgallite
Mindat Formula:
GaO(OH)
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Zn,Ge,Fe,Si
Crystallography of Tsumgallite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.512(5) Å, b = 9.772(8) Å, c = 2.967 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.462 : 1 : 0.304
Unit Cell V:
130.8 ų
Z:
4
Comment:
Space Group: Pbnm.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.089 Å | (100) |
| 2.404 Å | (100) |
| 2.632 Å | (33) |
| 1.690 Å | (26) |
| 2.530 Å | (22) |
| 1.538 Å | (21) |
| 1.478 Å | (16) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Tsumgallite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Scaly mica-like aggregates less than 1 mm across. Individual thin, platy crystals not exceeding 40μm in size.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mineralogical Museum, University of Hamburg, Germany.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
in vugs of a tennantite-germanite ore
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Tsumgallite
Other Language Names for Tsumgallite
Dutch:Tsumgalliet
German:Tsumgallit
Russian:Цумгаллит
Simplified Chinese:羟氧镓石
Spanish:Tsumgallita
Traditional Chinese:羥氧鎵石
Relationship of Tsumgallite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Diaspore Group:
| Bracewellite | CrO(OH) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Diaspore | AlO(OH) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma |
| Groutite | Mn3+O(OH) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma |
| Montroseite | (V3+,Fe3+)O(OH) | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.FD.05 | Spertiniite | Cu(OH)2 |
| 4.FD.10 | Diaspore | AlO(OH) |
| 4.FD.10 | Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| 4.FD.10 | Montroseite | (V3+,Fe3+)O(OH) |
| 4.FD.10 | Groutite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| 4.FD.10 | Bracewellite | CrO(OH) |
| 4.FD.10 | Guyanaite | CrO(OH) |
| 4.FD.15 | Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| 4.FD.20 | Yttrotungstite-(Y) | YW2O7(OH) · H2O |
| 4.FD.20 | Yttrotungstite-(Ce) | CeW2O7(OH) · H2O |
| 4.FD.25 | Frankhawthorneite | Cu2Te6+O4(OH)2 |
| 4.FD.30 | 'Khinite-3T' | Pb2+Cu2+3Te6+O6(OH)2 |
| 4.FD.30 | Housleyite | Pb6CuTe6+4O18(OH)2 |
| 4.FD.30 | Khinite | Pb2+Cu2+3[Te6+O6](OH)2 |
Fluorescence of Tsumgallite
none
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tsumgallite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-11481.html
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References for Tsumgallite
Reference List:
Schlüter, Jochen, Klaska, Karl-Heinz, Adiwidjaja, Gunadi, Gebhard, Georg (2003) Tsumgallite, GaO(OH), a new mineral from the Tsumeb mine, Tsumeb, Namibia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 2003 (11) 521-527 doi:10.1127/0028-3649/2003/2003-0521
Localities for Tsumgallite
Showing 1 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Namibia (TL) | |
| Schlüter et al. (2003) |
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Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia