|
Afghanistan | |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Orris et al. (2002) |
| [var: Sapphire] Iftikhan of University of Peshewar geology department (dealer at Tucson, 2013) |
| Deer (1978) |
| [var: Sapphire] Woodside et al. (2014) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Orris et al. (2002) |
| [var: Ruby] Orris et al. (2002) |
| [var: Ruby] Orris et al. (2002) |
| [var: Ruby] Orris et al. (2002) |
| [var: Ruby] Orris et al. (2002) |
| [var: Ruby] Orris et al. (2002) |
| [var: Ruby] Orris et al. (2002) |
| [var: Ruby] Orris et al. (2002) |
| [var: Ruby] Orris et al. (2002) |
| [var: Ruby] Orris et al. (2002) |
| [var: Ruby] Orris et al. (2002) |
|
Algeria | |
| van Bergen (1980) |
| Anorthite +3 other references |
| Laouar et al. (2017) |
|
Antarctica | |
| |
- Buckley Island quadrangle
| Goodrich et al. (2001) |
| Journal of Petrology et al. (7) |
| Grew et al. (2000) |
| Grew (1982) |
| Can Min 41 (2) |
| Grew et al. (2007) |
| Sun et al. (2011) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Kawakami et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Hiroi et al. (2010) |
| Yurimoto et al. (2001) |
| |
| Burt +1 other reference |
| Needham et al. (2103) |
| Абдрахманов et al. (2021) +1 other reference |
| Geological Magazine +4 other references |
|
Argentina | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| O. Rabbia et al. (1993) |
| [var: Sapphire] Zappettini (1999) |
| [var: Sapphire] Graham et al. (2018) |
| Sardi et al. (2009) |
| Sardi et al. (2021) |
| Zappettini et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
| Eduardo O. Zappettini and Marcelo Dalponte (2009) |
| Färber (n.d.) |
| Peña (1970) +1 other reference |
| Raúl J. Tauber Larry (2013) |
| Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collection |
- Río Chico y Nueva Trinidad
| Carlos Díaz (1920) |
|
Asia | |
| [var: Ruby] Grant (2001) |
|
Australia | |
| Crooks et al. (2003) |
| [var: Ruby] Mason (1976) |
| Brown R.E. (1997) |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown R.E. (1997) |
| [var: Sapphire] Coenraads (1994) |
| [var: Sapphire] R.E Brown and W.J Stroud |
| Brown R.E. (1997) |
| Brown R.E. (1997) |
| [var: Sapphire] Coenraads (1994) |
| [var: Sapphire] R.E Brown and W.J Stroud |
| [var: Sapphire] Gilligan (1975) |
| [var: Ruby] Gilligan (1975) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown et al. (2001) |
| Dana's System of Mineralogy |
| [var: Sapphire] Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Dana's System of Mineralogy |
| [var: Sapphire] Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
- Gibraltar Range National Park
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| Brown et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown et al. (1997) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Duggan +4 other references |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown et al. (1997) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Department of Mineral Resources et al. (booklet) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Webb et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] R.E Brown and W.J Stroud |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] R.E Brown and W.J Stroud |
| Brown R.E. (1997) |
| [var: Sapphire] R.E Brown and W.J Stroud |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Henley et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown et al. (1992) |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown et al. (1992) |
| [var: Sapphire] Joel Williams Collection |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown et al. (1992) |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown et al. (1992) |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown et al. (1997) |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown et al. (1997) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown et al. (1992) |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown et al. (1992) |
| [var: Sapphire] Wagga Wagga Mine Data Sheets |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown et al. (1992) |
| [var: Sapphire] Felton E. Anne (1975) |
| [var: Sapphire] Burchester (1972) |
| Sutherland et al. (2003) |
| [var: Sapphire] Brown et al. (1992) |
| Hollis et al. (1985) |
| [var: Sapphire] Sydney 1:500 |
| [var: Sapphire] Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gilligan et al. (1992) |
| Brown et al. (1992) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Wagga Wagga Mine Data Sheets |
| [var: Sapphire] Wagga Wagga Mine Data Sheets |
| [var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Barklyite] Liversidge (1896) |
| [var: Sapphire] Jerry |
| Slack et al. (1993) |
| Scriven et al. (2007) |
| Mackie (1986) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] [MinRec 11:271] +1 other reference |
| |
| |
- Spriggs Creek Bore (Spriggs Bore)
| Thompson (ed.) |
| [var: Sapphire] R Bottrill |
| [var: Ruby] McColl et al. (1979) |
| Thompson (ed) |
| Thompson (ed) |
| Warren et al. (1983) |
| Wilson (1977) |
| Hudson et al. (1966) +1 other reference |
| Wilson (1977) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] gemexplorer.org (n.d.) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Sankey (1907) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] - (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] ... |
| [var: Sapphire] www.dme.qld.gov.au (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Veevers et al. (1964) +2 other references |
| [var: Sapphire] Raffan (2018) |
| [var: Sapphire] Alexander Ringel collection |
| Irving (1980) +3 other references |
| Roheryn Clifford |
| Sharon Clifford collection |
| Ken Stockdale collection |
| Ken Stockdale collection |
| [var: Sapphire] www.corunduminium.com (n.d.) |
| Collection of NHM |
| [var: Sapphire] Sutherland |
| [var: Sapphire] On the topaz trail. P. O’Brien |
| Crooks |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Barossa SI5409 6628I Record of mines - ... |
| P.A. Wulser - in the South Australian ... |
- District Council of Karoonda East Murray
| J. S. Delaney et al. (1985) |
| Noble +1 other reference |
- Pastoral Unincorporated Area
- Arkaroola (Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary; Arkaroola Station)
| Plimer et al. (2002) |
| [var: Sapphire] Noble et al. (1983) |
- Bimbowrie Conservation Park
| |
| Crooks et al. (2004) |
| Ehrig et al. (2012) |
| Crooks et al. (2003) |
| Crooks A.F. and Abbot P.J. (2004) |
| Habibi et al. (2025) |
| R Bottrill collection |
- Wooltana Station (Wooltana)
| Wülser et al. (2011) |
| [var: Sapphire] Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire] Bottrill et al. (2008) |
- Derwent Valley municipality
| [var: Sapphire] Bottrill & Baker +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire] Sorrell (n.d.) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire] R Bottrill collection |
| [var: Sapphire] Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire] Bottrill et al. (2008) |
- Glamorgan Spring Bay municipality
| [var: Sapphire] Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Taheri +1 other reference |
- Northern Midlands municipality
| Ralph Bottrill analysis |
- Waratah-Wynyard municipality
| [var: Sapphire] Anderson (1905) |
| [var: Sapphire] Sutherland +1 other reference |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Bottrill +1 other reference |
| [Ruby var: Barklyite] Liversidge (1896) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Birch et al. (1999) |
| Billing collection |
| [var: Sapphire] Specimens collected and visually ... |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] GHF Ulrich (1870) |
| Ryan Eagle field collected 2016 +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Judy Rowe collection |
- City of Greater Shepparton
| lenn J. MacPherson et al. (1984) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] |
| Willman et al. (2002) |
| |
| Birch et al. (1999) |
- Mornington Peninsula Shire
| [var: Sapphire] Birch et al. (2013) |
| [var: Sapphire] Birch et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Sapphire] Dunn et al. (1913) |
| |
| [var: Ruby] David Sheumack collection |
| Jacobson et al. (2007) |
- Bridgetown-Greenbushes Shire
| Jacobson et al. (2007) |
| [var: Sapphire] Fetherston et al. (2013) |
| Simpson (1948) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Marshall et al. (2016) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Groat et al. (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Fetherston et al. (2013) |
| Singh et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Fetherston et al. (2013) |
| Liontown Resoufces |
| Fetherston et al. (2013) |
| Simpson (1928) |
| Pryce (1973) |
| Tom Kapitany coll. |
| [var: Ruby] Tom Kapitany collections |
|
Austria | |
- Sankt Veit an der Glan District
| Meixner (1967) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Brandstätter et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
| Meixner (1967) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| seen at Melk mineral show 3/09 |
| [var: Ruby] ERTL et al. (2008) |
| Niedermayr (1986) +2 other references |
- Wollmersdorf (Zettlitz-Wollmersdorf)
| Huber et al. (1977) |
| seen at Melk mineral show 3/09 |
| Himmelbauer (1926) +2 other references |
- Albrechtsberg an der Großen Krems
| Niedermayr (1973) +1 other reference |
| Wichmann (1884) |
| [var: Sapphire] KNOBLOCH (2012) |
| Matura (1989) |
| Albert Prayer collection |
| Wichmann (1884) |
| Zirkl (1961) +2 other references |
| Goldmann et al. (2008) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Wichmann (1884) +1 other reference |
| Petrakakis et al. (2018) |
| Thiele (1971) |
| Zirkl (1961) |
| matrixx 5 |
- Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District
| Bernhard et al. (1998) |
| www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016) |
| |
- Deutschlandsberg District
| Miller et al. (2005) |
- Hartberg-Fürstenfeld District
| Bernhard et al. (2006) |
| Grachev (Ed) +1 other reference |
- Südoststeiermark District
| Postl et al. (1996) |
| Taucher (1989) +1 other reference |
| Hoernes S. et al. (1971) |
| [var: Sapphire] Brandstetter (2000) |
| Polz (1989) |
|
Belgium | |
| Ottenburgs et al. (1998) |
|
Bolivia | |
| Salomon Rivas & Federico Ahlfeld (1998) +1 other reference |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
- Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
| Operta +4 other references |
| Ein Beryll aus dem Gebirge Motajica ... +3 other references |
|
Brazil | |
| |
| Overstreet (1967) |
| [var: Sapphire] Sauer (1982) |
| [var: Sapphire] Sauer (1982) |
| Cassedanne (1985) |
| Cassedanne et al. (1977) |
| [var: Sapphire] Rafael Hernandes Corrêa-Silva . |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] |
| Santos (2012) |
| [var: Sapphire] Sauer (1982) |
| Thomson et al. (2014) |
| Cid et al. (2014) |
| [var: Ruby] Watt et al. (1994) |
| [var: Ruby] Sauer (1982) |
| [var: Sapphire] Sauer (1982) |
| [var: Sapphire] Sauer (1982) |
| Daneu et al. (2007) |
| Cornejo et al. (2009) |
| Cornejo et al. (2009) |
| [var: Sapphire] Sauer (1982) |
| Rosa et al. (2018) |
| VASQUEZ +4 other references |
| [var: Sapphire] Sauer (1982) |
| de Sá et al. (2018) |
| MARTINS et al. (1981) +3 other references |
|
Bulgaria | |
| Janák et al. (2011) |
- Simeonovgrad Municipality
| Doinikova (2007) |
| Doinikova (2007) |
| Marcus Vau Collection |
| |
| Petrusenko et al. (1996) |
| Vasil Arnaudov et al. (2003) |
|
Cambodia | |
| |
| [var: Ruby] Mason (1976) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] United Nations (1993) |
| [var: Ruby] United Nations (1993) |
| [var: Sapphire] United Nations (1993) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Eldridge M. Moores (1997) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Peter Cristofono +3 other references |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Rocks & Min.: 20:467. |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] United Nations (1993) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Concise Field Report Volume 1: Pailin (Dec 2008 – Feb 2009) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] United Nations (1993) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] www.gia.edu (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Sapphire] United Nations (1993) |
| [var: Sapphire] United Nations (1993) |
| [var: Sapphire] United Nations (1993) |
| Sutherland et al. (2015) +2 other references |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Lacombe (1969) +3 other references |
|
Cameroon | |
| [var: Sapphire] Kanouo et al. (2012) |
|
Canada | |
- Upper Taseko River (Battlement Creek)
| albite alunite andalusite andesine ... |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
- Revelstoke Mining Division
| [var: Sapphire] Montgomery (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] - (n.d.) |
- Trail Creek Mining Division
| Harris et al. (1968) |
| [var: Ruby] Belley et al. (2024) |
| Lentz +3 other references |
- Newfoundland and Labrador
| Arima et al. (1991) |
| Li et al. (2001) |
| Lemanski (n.d.) |
| Vale SA |
| [var: Sapphire] www.alpinegems.net |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Pe-Piper et al. (2024) |
| [var: Sapphire] www.alpinegems.net |
| [var: Sapphire] Sabina (1964) |
| Traill (1983) |
| Hans Durstling |
| Owen et al. (1988) |
| Don Doell Collection |
| Lougheed +3 other references |
| [var: Sapphire] www.gia.edu (2006) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Belley et al. (2020) |
| [var: Sapphire] Grice (1989) +1 other reference |
| MDI Number: MDI42A08NE00227 |
| Evans (1966) |
| www.geologyontario.mndm.gov.on.ca (n.d.) |
| MDI Number: MDI31E01SE00095 |
| David K. Joyce Collection |
| MDI Number: MDI31E01SE00097 |
| Sabina (1986) |
| Sabina (1986) |
| collection of W.Babcock |
| Sabina (1986) |
| Mielke (n.d.) |
| Sabina (1971) |
| Ontario MDI Number: MDI31F05SE00021 |
| ref.: D.F. Hewitt (1954) |
- Hastings Highlands Municipality
| www.geologyontario.mndm.gov.on.ca (n.d.) |
| ref.: D.F. Hewitt (1954) |
| [var: Sapphire] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| Fouts (1998) |
| [var: Sapphire] Hogarth et al. (1982) |
| [var: Sapphire] Jacob Stanaszek Collection +1 other reference |
| Sabina (1986) |
| Richard Gunter specimens |
| Satterly (1977) |
- Leeds and Grenville Counties
| S. Mirete |
| [var: Sapphire] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| Richard Gunter +2 other references |
| Sabina (1970) +1 other reference |
- Brudenell-Lyndoch-and-Raglan
| Sabina (1971) |
| Sabina (1971) |
| Sabina (1971) |
| MDI Number: MDI31F06SW00037 |
| Sabina (1971) |
| Ontario Ministry of Northern ... +1 other reference |
| Petersen (1986) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Cindy Hasler collection +2 other references |
| SIGEOM systeme d'information geominiere ... |
| Horváth et al. (2013) |
| Martin +1 other reference |
| Katz (1970) |
- La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM
| Horváth et al. (1990) |
| Finley (1930) |
| Arguin et al. (2018) |
| Eur. J. Mineral. |
| Adlakha et al. (2013) |
|
Chile | |
| Gibbons (2018) +1 other reference |
- El Salvador mining district
| Codelco |
| [var: Sapphire] Miranda-Díaz et al. (2022) |
| Alarcón Novoa (2019) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
- Collahuasi mining district
| Teck Resources Limited |
|
China | |
| Kuiren Wang and Junxin Wang (1987) |
| Ruqing Ji et al. (1987) |
| [var: Ruby] Jiazhen Li (1994) |
| Li +4 other references |
| [var: Sapphire] Qiu Zhili et al. (2005) |
| Xinyu Cao and Tongjiang Tang (1986) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Qiu Zhili et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Giuliani et al. (2007) |
| Guochun Zhao et al. (2004) |
| Zhengmin Cao et al. (1997) |
| Yingjun Li et al. (2007) |
| Shenghe Guo (1982) |
| Ruihua Wu and Qionglin Liu (1998) |
| Liu (2017) |
| Mei et al. (1998) |
- Xintianling W-polymetallic ore field
| Yang et al. (2022) |
- Xianghualing Sn-polymetallic ore field
| Heo et al. (2001) |
| Shimou Chen et al. (1981) +2 other references |
- Yaogangxian W-Sn ore field
| Yuzhou Li (1990) +1 other reference |
- Xilingol League (Xilinguole Prefecture)
- Bordered Yellow Banner (Xianghuang Co.)
| Zhang et al. (2022) |
- Erenhot City (Erlianhaote Co.)
| Bonnetti et al. (2015) |
| Zhang et al. (2004) |
| [var: Sapphire] Kamitani et al. (2007) |
| [var: Sapphire] Sun et al. (2023) |
| wrgis.wr.usgs.gov (2004) |
- Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
- Mangnai City (Mangya Co.)
| Gao +5 other references |
| [var: Sapphire] - (n.d.) +3 other references |
| Daxin Li and Yiming Zhao (1997) |
| wrgis.wr.usgs.gov (2004) |
| Ma et al. (2024) |
- Ngawa Autonomous Prefecture (Aba Autonomous Prefecture)
- Zoigê Co. (Ruo'ergai Co.)
| Su Sun (1993) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Zhang et al. (2018) |
| [var: Sapphire] Changbi Li (1991) |
- Burang Co. (Purang Co.; Pulan Co.)
| Pujol-Solà et al. (2021) |
- Nixiong Fe-Cu ore field (Nyixung Fe-Cu ore field)
| Weizheng Hu et al. (2006) |
- Nyingtri Prefecture (Linzhi Prefecture)
| Pujol-Solà et al. (2021) |
- Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture)
| www.ngu.no (n.d.) |
| Xiangzhen Xu et al. (2013) |
| Xu et al. (2009) +2 other references |
| [var: Ruby] Tang (2005) |
- Bayin'gholin Autonomous Prefecture
- Lopnur Co. (Yuli Co.; Weili Co.)
| Tang (2005) |
- Hetian Co. (Khotan Co.; Hotan Co.; Hoten Co.)
- Dahongliutan pegmatite field
| Wang et al. (2024) |
- Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
- Altay Prefecture (Aletai Prefecture)
| wrgis.wr.usgs.gov (2004) |
- Kezilesu Autonomous Prefecture (Kizilsu Autonomous Prefecture; Qizilsu Autonomous Prefecture)
- Aketao Co. (Akto Co.; Aqto Co.)
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Tang (2005) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Wang et al. (2025) |
| [var: Ruby] Yunkui Qian (2004) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Jambor et al. (1992) |
| Kamitani et al. (2007) |
|
Colombia | |
| Nichols (1895) |
| Romero et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Romero et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
|
Cuba | |
| Pujol-Solà et al. (2018) |
|
Czech Republic | |
| [var: Sapphire] Moravec +4 other references |
| Vrtiška L. (2016) |
- Jablonec nad Nisou District
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Kotrlý +5 other references |
| Krestina et al. (2002) |
| Nepejchal M. (2004) |
| Gába |
| Gába |
| Bohuslav Bures collection |
| Fiala |
| Welser et al. (2013) |
| Litochleb (1997) |
| www.mineralos.cz (2003) |
| Dokoupilova P. |
| Hršelová et al. (2013) |
| [var: Sapphire] Rost R.: Doplňky k mineralogii ... +1 other reference |
| Pauliš et al. 2016 Bulletin Nár. Muz. |
| Ackerman et al. (2025) |
| Ackerman et al. (2025) |
| Láznička +3 other references |
| Pauliš et al. (2022) |
| Houzar +1 other reference |
- Žďár nad Sázavou District
| Staněk (1991) +4 other references |
| Staněk (1997) |
| Staněk (1997) |
| Staněk (1997) |
|
DR Congo | |
| De Bondt (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] e-rocks.com (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Pivin et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Edwards (1917) |
| Milesi et al. (2006) |
|
Egypt | |
| Azer et al. (2025) |
|
Eswatini | |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1899 12 : 96-101 |
| Cairncross (2004) |
|
Ethiopia | |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Stephan et al. (2019) |
|
Finland | |
| Kari A. Kinnunen (1995) |
| Hytönen (1999) |
| Haapala +2 other references |
| Al Ani Thair and Torppa Akseli 2011. ... |
| Rouhunkoski |
| Geological Survey of Finland ... |
| Hölttä et al. (toim.) |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection |
| www.gsf.fi (2002) |
| Niskanen (2014) |
| Laitakari |
|
France | |
| [var: Sapphire] Ducluzaux (2024) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] François Périnet |
| [var: Sapphire] François Périnet collection |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| R. Pierrot |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| Belot (1978) |
| J. Aubouin |
| [var: Sapphire] Brousse R (1966) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Servant (2010) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] PEGERE G. (1994) |
| Périnet (n.d.) |
| Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
- Saint-Christophe-d'Allier
| [var: Sapphire] Simonet (2000) |
| Forestier (1964) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Ruby] Forestier et al. (1969) |
| [var: Ruby] Collected by Guy Pégère and François ... |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Collected by Guy Pégère |
| [var: Ruby] PERINET F. (2009) |
| |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Jean Brun collection |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| Collected by Guy Pégère |
| [var: Sapphire] Gonnard (1910) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] François Périnet collection |
| [var: Sapphire] Gonnard (1910) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gonnard (1910) |
| [var: Sapphire] GIROD |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Simonet (2000) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gonnard (1910) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gonnard (1910) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gonnard (1910) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gonnard (1910) |
| [var: Sapphire] Heavy sands collected by Charles Nicolas |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périchaud J.-J. (1986) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gonnard (1910) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gonnard (1910) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gonnard (1910) |
| [var: Sapphire] Jean Brun collection |
| [var: Sapphire] Gonnard (1910) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gonnard (1910) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gonnard (1910) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] François Périnet collection |
| [var: Sapphire] Collection François Périnet |
| [var: Sapphire] Gonnard (1910) |
| [var: Sapphire] François Périnet collection |
| [var: Sapphire] Jean Brun collection |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| J. Bertaux |
| [var: Sapphire] Personnaly collected by Matthias Diot |
| [var: Sapphire] Personnaly collected by Matthias Diot |
| SIG Mines France - Echantillon n° ... |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gaétan Bouclet collecton |
| [var: Sapphire] LACROIX A. (1894) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] collected by François Périnet. |
| [var: Sapphire] Jean Brun collection |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| Chollet Pascal collection - collected ... |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] collected by François Périnet. |
| [var: Sapphire] F Périnet collection |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| De Ascençao Guedes (2003) |
| G. Kurat et al. (1981) |
| [var: Sapphire] collected by Gaétan Bouclet and ... |
| [var: Sapphire] Gaétan Bouclet collection |
| Delfour (2007) |
| [var: Sapphire] François Périnet collection |
| [var: Sapphire] François Périnet collection |
| Chauris L. (1997) |
| Chauris L. (1997) |
| Chauris L. (1997) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| [var: Sapphire] Boydard (2016) |
| Périnet (n.d.) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Pierrot et al. (1973) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| [var: Sapphire] Heavy sands collected by Marc Bassoulet ... |
| Chauris (2014) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1988) |
| Chauris L. (1988) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris (2014) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1988) |
| [var: Sapphire] Chauris L. (1988) |
| Chauris L. (1988) |
| Chauris L. (1987) |
| Chauris L. (1988) |
| [var: Sapphire] Chauris L. (1988) |
| Chauris L. (1988) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1988) |
| Chauris L. (1988) |
| Chauris L. (1987) |
| Chauris L. (1987) |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| [var: Sapphire] R. Pierrot |
| CHAURIS L. (1982) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| R. Pierrot |
| [var: Sapphire] François Périnet collection |
| [var: Sapphire] François Périnet collection |
| [var: Sapphire] Gaétan Bouclet collection |
| [var: Sapphire] collected by François Périnet. |
| [var: Sapphire] collected by François Périnet. |
| Brearley et al. (1998) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] François Périnet collection +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| Personnal discovery Jacques VALVERDE |
| MONCHOUX P. et al. (2006) |
| [var: Sapphire] MONCHOUX P. et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Claude Laforêt |
| Heavy sands collected by Christian ... |
| [var: Ruby] Baissieres (2010) |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| MONCHOUX P. et al. (2006) |
| Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Simonet (2000) |
| [var: Ruby] Baissieres (2010) |
| Guitard (2010) |
| [var: Sapphire] Heavy sands collected by Christian ... |
| [var: Sapphire] Heavy sands collected by Christian ... |
| Collection Alex Trencart |
| Collection Alex Trencart |
| Ian D. Hutcheon et al. (1994) |
| [var: Sapphire] Baret (1905) +1 other reference |
| Chauris L. (1987) |
| Chauris L. (2001) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1982) |
| Chauris L. (1987) |
| Chauris L. (1987) |
| [var: Sapphire] Chauris L. (1987) |
| Chauris L. (1987) |
| Chauris L. (1987) |
| Chauris L. (1987) |
| Chauris L. (1987) |
| Chauris L. (1987) |
| [var: Sapphire] Jean-Marc Johannet collection |
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gol (2013) |
- Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
| [var: Sapphire] Périnet F. (2018) |
| Abdel-Karim et al. (1989) |
|
Germany | |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1960) |
| Habel (2011) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| [var: Sapphire] Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Blessing et al. (1991) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Haege (1887) |
| Brauns (1922) |
| [var: Sapphire] Purwin (2017) |
| [var: Sapphire] Dechen (1852) |
| [var: Chlorosaphir] |
| [var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Sapphire] Dechen (1852) |
| Brauns (1922) |
| Brauns (1922) |
| Brauns (1922) |
| Brauns (1922) |
| Brauns (1922) |
| Lorenz et al. (2015) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Lorenz et al. (2015) |
| Vogelsang (1890) |
| Blaß et al. (1992) |
| Sandberger |
| [var: Sapphire] Brauns (1922) +1 other reference |
| Brauns (1922) |
| Brauns (1922) |
| [var: Sapphire] Brauns (1922) |
| Lapis 33 (12) |
| Rondorf et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Blaß et al. (2003) |
| Brauns (1922) |
| [var: Sapphire] Sandberger |
| Sandberger |
| Sandberger |
| collection C.&H. Schäfer |
| Sandberger |
| Hentschel (1983) |
| Künzel et al. (2011) |
| Von Dechen (1864) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Hentschel (1987) |
| Brauns (1922) |
| Frechen (1963) |
| Hentschel (1983) |
| Leu (1995) |
| Hentschel (1983) |
| Guth (2000) |
| Blaß et al. (2012) |
- Rockeskyll volcanic complex
| El-Kaluoby |
| Schüller (1990) |
| Koch (1886) |
| Lange |
| Lapis 30 (7/8) |
| Baumann et al. (2000) |
| Baumann et al. (2000) |
| [var: Ruby] Wittern (2001) +1 other reference |
- Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge
| [var: Sapphire] H. Vollstädt et al. (Dresden) +1 other reference |
| Witzke (2018) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Wittern (2001) |
|
Greece | |
| Marinos et al. (1956) +1 other reference |
- Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
| [var: Ruby] Christos Spiromitros collected ... |
| [var: Ruby] Wang et al. (2017) +2 other references |
| - (n.d.) |
| Voudouris (2014) |
| Voudouris (2014) |
| [var: Sapphire] Voudouris et al. (2019) |
| Liati et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] www.visitikaria.gr (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Voudouris et al. (2019) |
| Ockenga et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] 33-35 +2 other references |
| various photographs |
| Rocks & Min.: 23: 124 +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Voudouris et al. (2019) |
| [var: Sapphire] Voudouris et al. (2019) +2 other references |
|
Greenland | |
| Petersen (2001) |
- Northeast Greenland National Park
| Cao (2016) |
| Melson et al. (1966) |
| Am Min 51:664-676 |
| [var: Ruby] Yakymchuk et al. (2021) |
| Bøggild (1953) |
| [var: Ruby] Petersen et al. (1993) |
- Aappaluttoq Ruby Occurrences
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] gem-a.com (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby] J.Ralph site visit 2020 |
| [var: Ruby] J.Ralph site visit 2022 |
| [var: Ruby] Petersen et al. (1980) |
| [var: Ruby] Friend (1982) |
| Williams (1984) |
| Bøggild (1953) |
| Ackermand et al. (1983) |
| Friend (1995) |
| [var: Ruby] Field visit 2022 |
| Keulen et al. (2020) |
|
Hungary | |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
| |
| |
| [var: Sapphire] Sándor et al. (2005) |
| |
| |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
| USGS Open-File Report 02–156–A |
| KOVÁCS-PÁLFFY (2005) |
|
Iceland | |
- Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands)
| Balić-Žunić et al. (2016) |
|
India | |
| |
| [var: Ruby] Specimen in the collection of Rock ... |
- Wajrakarur kimberlite field
- Wajrakarur–Lattavaram cluster
| Kaur et al. (2016) |
| Bose et al. (1971) +3 other references |
| Reddy et al. (1986) |
| Grew (1983) |
| [var: Sapphire] Tom D. La Touche (1890) |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference |
| Rao (1968) |
| [var: Ruby] Robert Trapp information to Knut Edvard ... |
- Dakshina Kannada District
| [var: Ruby] Specimen in the collection of Rock ... |
| [var: Ruby] www.conventus.de (n.d.) |
| [var: Ruby] W. F. Smeeth and P. Sampat Iyengar (1916) |
| [var: Ruby] Lavinsky (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Panjikar et al. (1994) |
| Panjikar et al. (1994) |
| Nayak et al. (2024) |
| JSS collection |
| Sandiford et al. (1991) +3 other references |
| www.mpgovt.nic.in/mineralresources/ |
| Sarkar et al. (1996) |
| Sarkar (2015) |
| Srinivasan et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Meshram et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
| Richard M. Pearl: "Minerals of India" |
- West Khasi Hills District
| Golani (1989) |
| Dwivedi et al. (2017) |
| Patel et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] - (n.d.) |
| NIYOGI (1966) |
| Rout et al. (2022) |
| Mineralogical Studies of Metasomatized ... |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] various added photos |
| GSA Bulletin +5 other references |
| Balasubrahmanyan (1965) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] www.knowyourcrystals.com (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Krestina et al. (2002) |
| Murthy (1954) |
|
Indonesia | |
- Central Sulawesi Province
| Hsia et al. (2023) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
- South Kalimantan Province
| [var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Sapphire] Monument et al. (anti-clockwise from top left) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] |
- West Nusa Tenggara Province
| Cernuschi et al. (2023) |
|
Iran | |
| [var: Sapphire] Alehashem et al. (2021) |
|
Ireland | |
| McKie (1963) +1 other reference |
- Croghan Kinshela Mountain
| [var: Sapphire] Henwood (1871) |
|
Israel | |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Howard Coopersmith |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] J. Hattingh (2019) |
| [var: Titanium-bearing Corundum] Xiong et al. (2017) +3 other references |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Griffin et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
- Emek Izrael Regional Council
| Ma et al. (2023) |
| Krüger et al. (2021) |
|
Italy | |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Hålenius et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
- Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria
| Carlino (1972) |
- Metropolitan City of Naples
| Balassone et al. (2004) |
| Russo et al. (2009) |
| Maruyama et al. (2008) |
- Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
| Bonatti et al. (1950) +2 other references |
| Puxeddu (1971) |
| |
| van Bergen (1980) |
| Antofilli et al. (1983) |
| Tumiati et al. (2018) |
| Marchesini et al. (2025) +1 other reference |
| Romeo Tam collection |
| De Michele (1974) |
| De Michele (1974) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Simon et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| Mandarino (1996) |
| Tilghman (2014) |
- Metropolitan City of Turin
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Gruppo Mineralogico Lombardo (10) |
- Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
| Preite et al. (1995) |
| Roggiani (1975) +1 other reference |
| - (n.d.) |
| Albertini (1996) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Roggiani (1969) +4 other references |
| Boriani A. et al. (1988) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| De Michele (1974) |
| Rossi (1968) +1 other reference |
- Metropolitan City of Messina
- Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands)
| Pichler (1980) |
| Renzulli +4 other references |
- Sicily Channel (Sicilian Channel; Strait of Sicily)
| Rotolo et al. (2006) |
| Díaz Pace et al. (2024) |
| Libvrna relazioni mineralogiche number ... |
| Cavarretta et al. (1990) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Panebianco (1886-87) +4 other references |
- Rossati (Contrada Rossati di Sotto)
| [var: Sapphire] Boscardin M. (1996) +3 other references |
|
Japan | |
| - (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970) |
| Komuro collection |
| Sadanaga et al. (1974) |
| Nakajima et al. (2006) |
| Osakabe et al. (1983) |
| Osakabe et al. (1983) |
| [var: Sapphire] Geological Survey of Japan |
| [var: Sapphire] Chishitsu Chousajo (1902) |
| [var: Sapphire] Sadanaga et al. (1974) +1 other reference |
| - (n.d.) |
| HIGASHI (1982) |
| - (n.d.) |
| MORISHITA et al. (2001) |
| Takahata +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] - (n.d.) |
| Seki et al. (1957) |
| - (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Yamada (2004) |
| Fujii et al. (1971) |
| [var: Sapphire] Chishitsu Chousajo (1902) |
| Fujii et al. (1971) |
| - (n.d.) |
| [var: Sapphire] Masutomi Museum specimen (Kyoto) |
| Murata (1982) |
| Miyajima (2014) |
| Fossa Magna Museum specimens |
| [var: Ruby] Masutomi Museum specimens |
- Senkaku Islands (Diaoyudao Islands; Diaoyutai Islands)
| Ouroboros - ... |
| Osakabe et al. (1983) |
| Analyses by Dr Hideki Masago |
| - (n.d.) |
| Osakabe et al. (1983) |
| Osakabe et al. (1983) |
|
Kazakhstan | |
| Dill (1999) |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Bespaev et al. (n.d.) |
| |
| Shpanov et al. (1971) |
| Motovilov et al. (2026) |
|
Kenya | |
| [var: Sapphire] Simonet et al. (2004) |
| [var: Ruby] Bulletin of the Imperial Institute - Geology and Mineral Resources of Kenya (1948) |
| [var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Ruby] Mercier et al. (1999) |
| [var: Ruby] Mercier et al. (1999) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Ruby] |
| [var: Ruby] Levitski et al. (1997) |
| [var: Ruby] Mercier et al. (1999) |
| [var: Ruby] Betts (n.d.) |
| Betts (n.d.) |
|
Kyrgyzstan | |
| |
| [var: Sapphire] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
|
Laos | |
| [var: Sapphire] Sutherland et al. (2002) +2 other references |
| Glass et al. (2020) |
|
Liberia | |
| [var: Ruby] Kiefert et al. (2011) |
|
Lithuania | |
| Miyahara et al. (2021) |
|
Madagascar | |
| |
| [var: Sapphire] Basel |
| [var: Sapphire] Pardieu et al. (2017) |
| [var: Sapphire] Pardieu et al. (2017) |
| [var: Sapphire] Pardieu et al. (2017) |
| [var: Sapphire] Pardieu et al. (2017) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Sapphire var: Padparadscha] Giuliani et al. (2007) |
| Ungemach (1916) |
| [var: Sapphire] Besaire (1966) |
| Behier (1963) |
| Ungemach (1916) |
| Collection Musée National de la ... |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Giuliani et al. (2007) |
| [var: Ruby] T.R.Yager: The Mineral Industry of ... |
| [var: Ruby] Pardieu et al. (2016) |
| Knut Edvard Larsen (2023) |
| Ackermand et al. (1991) |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # M-113 |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # M-19 |
| Behier (1963) |
| [var: Sapphire] Behier (1963) |
| [var: Sapphire] Arliguie M. photo and collection |
| [var: Ruby] Rakotondrabe et al. (2020) |
| [var: Sapphire] Wolfgang Hampel |
| Hampel (2006) |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Martins da Pedra photo |
| Behier (1963) |
| Delbos (1955) |
| Behier (1960) |
| Schwab (1998) |
| Behier (1963) |
| Giuliani et al. (2009) |
| Delbos (1955) |
| M Arliguie specimen & photo |
| Rakotonandrasana et al. (2010) |
| Lacroix (1922) |
| [var: Sapphire] Rakotondrazafy et al. (2008) |
| Behier (1963) |
| [var: Ruby] Giuliani et al. (2007) |
| Vry et al. (1990) |
| [var: Sapphire] Giuliani et al. (2007) |
| [var: Ruby] Collection Arliguie M (old label) |
| [var: Ruby] Giuliani et al. (2007) |
| Lacroix (1922) |
| Schwab (1998) |
| Behier (1960) |
| [var: Ruby] Behier (1963) |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # M-114 |
| [var: Ruby] Behier (1960) |
| Behier (1960) |
| Behier (1963) |
| [var: Sapphire] Rakotondrazafy et al. (2008) |
| MINOARIJAONA Faliarisoa (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire] Pezzotta (2006) |
| Behier (1963) |
| Behier (1963) |
| [var: Ruby] Giuliani et al. (2007) |
| Michel Arliguie collection & photo (photo id 899363 ) |
| [var: Sapphire] Wolfgang Hampel (site visit 4 September 2011) |
| [var: Sapphire] Wolfgang Hampel (site visit 28 August 2011) |
| [var: Sapphire] Schwarz et al. (2000) |
| Rakotonandrasana et al. (2010) |
| Rakotonandrasana et al. (2010) |
| Rakotonandrasana et al. (2010) |
| Rakotonandrasana et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Tang et al. (2019) |
| [var: Sapphire] Schmetzer (1999) |
| [var: Sapphire] Pardieu (2013) |
| [var: Sapphire] Pardieu (2013) |
| [var: Sapphire] www.gggems.com (n.d.) |
| B. Devouard et al. : "Occurrence of musgravite in anorthite-corundum-spinel-sapphirine rocks ("sakenites") |
| [var: Sapphire] Giuliani et al. (2007) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Gem News.Gems & Gemmology 39 (3) |
| Goujou (2005) |
| [var: Sapphire] Giuliani et al. (2007) |
| Goujou (2005) |
| Goujou (2005) |
| Goujou (2005) |
| Rakotonandrasana et al. (2010) |
| Rakotonandrasana et al. (2010) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Pezzotta (2005) +1 other reference |
| Giuliani et al. (2007) |
| Behier (1960) |
| Behier (1963) |
| Arliguie Michel photo and collection Photo ID: photo-1347233 ( label from old collection) |
| Knut Edvard Larsen (2023) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Hughes et al. (2017) |
| Lacroix (1922) |
| [var: Ruby] Giuliani et al. (2007) +2 other references |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Lacroix (1922) |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-1514 |
| [var: Sapphire] Ungemach (1916) |
| [var: Sapphire] Knut Edvard Larsen collection (Micro # 950) |
| [var: Sapphire] Behier (1960) |
|
Malawi | |
| |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Sapphire var: Padparadscha] H.G. Dill +2 other references |
| Haslam (1983) +1 other reference |
| pdfs.semanticscholar.org (n.d.) +5 other references |
| Wooley (2001) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] H.G. Dill +2 other references |
| Corundum crystals obtained from an ... |
| Bloomfield (1958) +2 other references |
|
Malaysia | |
| Matthew Low |
| Geol. Soc. Malaysia |
| Ref Matthew Low Collection |
|
Mauritania | |
| Marsh et al. (2015) |
|
Mexico | |
| John Sinkankas (1964) |
| Ma et al. (2009) +4 other references |
| Minera Autlan |
| Zucchi et al. (2025) |
|
Middle East | |
| Vapnik et al. (2006) |
|
Mongolia | |
| [var: Sapphire] Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Kononova et al. (1982) +3 other references |
| Pauliš (1995) |
- Oyu Tolgoi Cu-Au ore field (Turquoise Hill Cu-Au ore field)
| December 2009 +3 other references |
| Peretyazhko et al. (2017) |
|
Morocco | |
| Pang et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
|
Mozambique | |
| [var: Ruby] António Joaquim Monteiro Photo |
| [var: Ruby] Pardieu et al. (2013) |
| [var: Ruby] Pardieu et al. (2013) |
| [var: Ruby] Pardieu et al. (2013) |
| [var: Ruby] Pardieu et al. (2013) |
| [var: Ruby] Pardieu et al. (2013) |
| [var: Ruby] Pardieu et al. (2013) |
| [var: Ruby] Krebs +5 other references |
| Wilson et al. (2000) |
| Wilson et al. (2000) |
| [var: Ruby] gemexplorer.org (n.d.) |
| [var: Ruby] António Manuel Ináçio Martins. |
| Rui Nunes April 2009 |
| Wilson et al. (2000) |
|
Myanmar | |
| |
| [var: Ruby, Ruby var: Star Ruby] Han Htun & George E. Harlow. ... |
- Hpakant Township (Hpakan; Phakant; Phakan)
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Sapphire var: Padparadscha] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Han Htun & George E. Harlow. ... |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] www.ruby-sapphire.com (2000) |
| [var: Ruby] |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Gübelin et al. (1976) +2 other references |
| [var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire] Harald Schillhammer collection |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire] Halford-Watkins (1935b) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby] Vertriest +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire] Jordi Fabre collection |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby] |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Kyaw Thu (2007) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Kyaw Thu (2007) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, Ruby var: Star Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, Ruby var: Star Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| Harald Schillhammer collection |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby] Sutherland et al. (2014) |
| [var: Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Gübelin et al. (1976) |
| [var: Ruby] Lavinsky (n.d.) |
| [var: Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, Ruby var: Star Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, Ruby var: Star Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
- Nampai Valley (Nampan Valley)
| [var: Ruby] Dana 6: 1031. |
| [var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Sapphire] Mine owner |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire] Mine owner |
- Thabeikkyin Township (Tha Pate Kyin Township)
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire] The 1995 ICA World Gemstone Mining ... |
| [var: Sapphire] Dr. Kyaw Khaing Win |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Win et al. (2001) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Trapiche ruby] Garnier et al. (2002) |
- Namhkam Township (Nanhkan Township; Namhkan Township)
| [var: Ruby] Themelis (2008) |
| [var: Ruby] |
| [var: Ruby] Han Htun & George E. Harlow. ... |
| [var: Sapphire] Themelis (2008) |
|
Namibia | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Schmädicke et al. (2011) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Rocks & Minerals 83:6 pp520-526 |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
|
Nepal | |
| |
| Kaphle (2004) |
| [var: Ruby] Joshi et al. (2004) |
| Kaphle (2004) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Garnier et al. (2008) |
| Kaphle (2004) |
| [var: Ruby] Garnier et al. (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Lavinsky (n.d.) |
|
New Zealand | |
- Manawatu-Whanganui Region
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| [var: Sapphire] Sutherland et al. (2009) |
| [var: Sapphire] crownminerals.med.govt.nz (n.d.) |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Ward (1984) |
| [var: Sapphire] Local council Site Signage |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| [var: Sapphire] Christie et al. (1993) |
| [var: Ruby] Railton et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby] Christie et al. (1993) |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
|
Nigeria | |
| [var: Sapphire] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
|
North Korea | |
| Tsuda (1969) |
| Miscellaneous Reports et al. (1942) |
| Hideo Tsuda (1969) |
|
North Macedonia | |
| Ilijevski (2012) |
| Jersek et al. (1999) |
| Jersek et al. (1999) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Hidden treasures of Macedonia. ... +2 other references |
|
Norway | |
| Kihle et al. (2010) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Visser et al. (1999) |
| [var: Ruby] Oftedahl (1963) |
| Kihle et al. (1992) |
| Ohta (1968) |
| Kihle (1989) |
| Visser et al. (1992) |
| Visser et al. (1992) |
| Nijland et al. (1998) |
| Bindi et al. (2025) |
| Bugge (1951) |
- Dypingdal serpentine-magnesite deposit
| Grew et al. (1998) |
| Hofseth (1942) |
| Robinson et al. (2008) |
| Brueckner (1977) |
| Voght (1910) |
| Neumann (1985) |
| Raade (1971) +1 other reference |
| Lappin (1960) |
| Garmo (2013) +1 other reference |
| Garmo (2013) |
| Garmo et al. (2017) |
| Garmo et al. (2017) |
| Ramberg (1967) +1 other reference |
| Krogh (1977) |
| Neumann (1985) |
| - (n.d.) |
| Hermans et al. (1975) |
| Grew et al. (1998) |
| |
| Barth (1927) |
| Robins et al. (1979) |
| Barth (1927) |
- Lillebukt Alkaline Complex
| Cadow (1993) |
| Neumann (1985) |
| Sturt et al. (1965) |
| Bøe (2000) +2 other references |
| Elvevold et al. (1996) |
| Schreyer et al. (1972) |
| [var: Ruby] Barth (1927) +7 other references |
| Sturt (1961) +11 other references |
| Nordrum (2008) |
| Sellbekk et al. (2008) |
| Janák et al. (2015) |
| Bøe (1997) |
| Bucher et al. (2005) |
| Nordrum (2005) |
| Cempírek J. et al. (2010) |
| Kolderup et al. (1940) +1 other reference |
| Garmo (2013) |
| Smith et al. (1986) |
| Neumann (1985) |
| Lappin (1960) |
|
Pakistan | |
| |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] imported from Neelum Valley |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Blauwet et al. (2004) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Blauwet et al. (2004) |
| Jose Zendrera Collection |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Betts (n.d.) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Blauwet et al. (2004) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Betts (n.d.) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| [var: Ruby] Ikram Mineralogy |
| [var: Ruby] imported from Shigar District +1 other reference |
- Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Aymeric Longi bought material from this locality + article in The Quaterly Journal of GIA (Winter 2004, Volume 40, Issue 4) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby] Jan et al. (1995) |
|
Papua New Guinea | |
| Petersen et al. (2002) |
|
Peru | |
- Santiago de Chuco Province
| Lewis (1956) |
|
Poland | |
- Lesser Poland Voivodeship
| Koszowska E. (1994) |
- Lower Silesian Voivodeship
| Błocisz et al. (2015) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| [var: Sapphire] Szełęg et al. (Karkonosze massif, Lower Silesia, Poland) |
| Traube (1888) |
| Łukasz Kruszewski PXRD data +1 other reference |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| [var: Sapphire] Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| [var: Sapphire, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Lis et al. (1986) |
| Harańczyk C. (1970) |
| [var: Ruby] Eligiusz Szełęg - "Atlas Skał i ... |
| Łobos K. et al. (2019) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Lis et al. (1986) |
| Eligiusz Szełęg collection |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Lis et al. (1986) |
| [var: Sapphire] Lis et al. (1986) |
| Kucha H. et al. (1979) |
| Pierwoła |
| Ł. Kruszewski PXRD and EPMA data |
- Subcarpathian Voivodeship
| Gradowski et al. (1992) |
|
Portugal | |
- União das Freguesias de Zebreira e Segura
| Gaspar et al. (2022) |
| Figueiras +3 other references |
| [var: Sapphire] Alves (n.d.) |
|
Romania | |
| Udubaşa G. et al. (2004) |
| www.minerals-of-the carpathians.eu (2009) |
| HÎRTOPANU et al. (2014) |
| Mauritz (1915) +1 other reference |
| Hirtopanu et al. (2000) |
| www.minerals-of-the-carpathians |
|
Russia | |
| Rozhdestvina et al. (2024) |
| Izbrodin et al. (2009) |
| [var: Sapphire] Aseeva et al. (2021) |
| [var: Sapphire] Aseeva et al. (2021) +1 other reference |
| Am Min 90:1402-1412 (deposit item) |
| Cesnokov et al. (1998) |
| [var: Sapphire] Sorokina et al. (2021) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Dmitry Tonkacheev |
| [var: Sapphire] Betts (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Filina et al. (2019) |
| [var: Sapphire] Filina et al. (2019) |
| webmineral.ru (2018) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Sorokina et al. (2021) |
| Korinevsky et al. (2016) |
| [var: Sapphire] Sorokina et al. (2019) |
| [var: Sapphire] Boris Z. Kantor collection |
| [var: Ruby] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| [var: Ruby] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| [var: Ruby] Local geolofist S.V.Kolesnichenko data +1 other reference |
| Korinevsky et al. (2022) |
| Kobyashev Yu.S. |
| Nedosekova (2007) |
- Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
| Bindi et al. (2011) |
- Pekul'ney Range (Pekul'nei Range)
- Northern Pekul'ney River (Northern Pekul'nei River; Northern Pekul'neyveem River)
| Rudashevskiy et al. (1983) |
| Rudashevskii et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Buravleva et al. (2016) |
| Gordeev et al. (2014) |
- Great Fissure eruption (Main Fracture)
- Northern Breakthrough (North Breach)
| Glavatskikh +1 other reference |
| Pekov et al. (2020) |
| Shchipalkina et al. (2020) |
| Shchipalkina et al. (2020) |
| Аникин et al. (2018) |
| Kaminsky et al. (2016) |
| [var: Sapphire] Palyanova +3 other references |
| Коноваленко et al. (2012) |
| Ananyev et al. (2011) |
| Lennikov et al. (2004) |
- Pravo-Sooliysk gold-bearing ore-placer cluster
| [var: Sapphire] Lavrik et al. (2020) |
- Verkhnebureinsky District
| Alekseev et al. (2017) |
- Severo-Yeniseysky District
| Sokol et al. (2023) |
- Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug
- Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region
| Shevko et al. (2019) |
| Пекин (2010) +1 other reference |
| [World of Stones 95:5-6 |
| Arzamastsev et al. (2008) |
| Barkov et al. (2000) +2 other references |
| Olga Yakovleva et al. (2009) |
| |
| [var: Ruby] Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Mikhailova et al. (2007) |
| [var: Sapphire] Shlyukova Z.V. (1986) +1 other reference |
| ... |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Kalinin et al. (2024) |
| Nokleberg et al. (1996) |
| Bailey (1980) |
| Krymsky et al. (2003, April) |
| [var: Sapphire] Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby] Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
- Olanga River (Oulanka River)
| A. Yu. Barkov et al. +1 other reference |
| Barkov et al. (2004) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| webmineral.ru (2020) |
- Alattu-Pakula-Janis ore field
| Ivashchenko (2024) |
| V.A. Gorelov (1997) |
| [World of Stones 12:49] |
| Shcheka et al. (2006) |
| www.geology.utoronto.ca (2000) |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Ashchepkov et al. (2022) |
| Siegert et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Trunilina et al. (2024) |
| Sokol et al. (2010) |
| Sokol et al. (2010) |
| Igor.V. Pekov (2008) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| [var: Sapphire] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Ерохин Ю.В. ... +1 other reference |
- Verkhnesaldinsky District
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data |
| according last founds on this point |
| T. Ushikubo (2000) |
| |
| Hyršl (1992) |
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
| Yurichev (2021) |
| [var: Ruby] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| [var: Ruby] Grygoriev et al. (2000) |
| [var: Ruby] King (n.d.) +3 other references |
| Kasatkin et al. (2014) |
|
Rwanda | |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] www.rmb.gov.rw (2021) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] www.rmb.gov.rw (2021) |
|
Sierra Leone | |
| Hills et al. (1989) |
|
Slovakia | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Rojkovičová |
| Reato et al. (2022) |
| Huraiová M. et al. (Lučenecká kotlina) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| [var: Sapphire] Ozdín (2017) |
| [var: Sapphire] Uher et al. (2012) |
| [var: Sapphire] Uher et al. (2012) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Ďuďa (1993) |
| [var: Sapphire] Koděra et al. (1986) |
| [var: Sapphire] Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Háber et al. (Dankova, SGR Mnts) |
| Bacsó Z. |
- Spišská Nová Ves District
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Myšľan et al. (2024) |
| Myšľan et al. (2024) |
- Vranov nad Topľou District
| [var: Sapphire] Ďuďa +1 other reference |
- Liptovský Mikuláš District
| Kahan Š. (1968) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
|
Slovenia | |
| Janák et al. (2015) |
|
Somalia | |
| [var: Sapphire] Thomas R. Yager (2002) |
| [var: Ruby] Thomas R. Yager (2002) |
|
South Africa | |
- Fezile Dabi District Municipality
- Moqhaka Local Municipality
| Mathias et al. (1970) |
| Gibson R (2008) |
- Lejweleputswa District Municipality
- Matjhabeng Local Municipality
| VILJOEN et al. (2005) |
- Tokologo Local Municipality
| Mathias et al. (1970) |
- Xhariep District Municipality
- Kopanong Local Municipality
| Mathias et al. (1970) |
- Letsemeng Local Municipality
| Meyer (2021) |
- uMzinyathi District Municipality
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
- Capricorn District Municipality
- Blouberg Local Municipality
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
- Molemole Local Municipality
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
| Mothetha (2009) |
- Pietersburg greenstone belt
| Mothetha (2009) |
- Polokwane Local Municipality
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
- Mopani District Municipality
- Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
- Maruleng Local Municipality
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
- Vhembe District Municipality
- Makhado Local Municipality
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
- Musina Local Municipality
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Coetzee (1976) |
| Coetzee (1976) |
| Coetzee (1976) +1 other reference |
| Coetzee (1976) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
- Waterberg District Municipality
- Mogalakwena Local Municipality
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
- Ehlanzeni District Municipality
- Mbombela Local Municipality
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
- Nkomazi Local Municipality
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
- Thaba Chweu Local Municipality
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
- Frances Baard District Municipality
- Dikgatlong Local Municipality
| Field et al. (2008) |
| Field et al. (2008) |
- Sol Plaatje Local Municipality
- KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture mine; Kimberley Underground mine)
| Mathias et al. (1970) |
- Namakwa District Municipality
- Khâi-Ma Local Municipality
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Schoch et al. (1985) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
- Nama Khoi Local Municipality
| Waters et al. (1985) |
| Waters et al. (1985) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Hokada et al. (2001) |
| Econ Geol. (1995) |
- Pixley ka Seme District Municipality
- Siyathemba Local Municipality
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
- ZF Mgcawu District Municipality
- Kai !Garib Local Municipality
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Hall (1920) +1 other reference |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
|
South Korea | |
| Yamaguchi (1943) |
| 고영진 (2021) |
|
Spain | |
| Romero Silva (2003) |
| Abad +3 other references |
| Caballero et al. (1993) |
- Tembleque (Villanueva de Bogas)
| Calvo Rebollar (2009) |
| Roda et al. (2001) |
| Encarnación Roda-Robles (2007) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2009) |
|
Sri Lanka | |
| |
| Kriegsman et al. (1999) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Dissanayake et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
| Fernando et al. (2005, September) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] LANKA (1984) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Gübelin et al. (1976) |
| [var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Shigley et al. (2010) |
| |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Shigley et al. (2000) |
| Dissanayake et al. (2000) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Sapphire var: Padparadscha] Dissanayake et al. (2000) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Lavinsky (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Econ Geol (1981) |
| [var: Sapphire] Lavinsky (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Dissanayake et al. (2000) |
| [var: Sapphire] Mathavan et al. (2000) |
| [var: Sapphire] G.R.Dharmaratne et al (2012) |
| [var: Sapphire] Lavinsky (n.d.) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Dissanayake et al. (2000) |
| Dissanayake et al. (2000) |
|
Suriname | |
| De Roever et al. (1976) |
|
Sweden | |
| Norin (1936) |
| |
| |
| Adamson (1944) |
| Claeson (1999) |
| Lyckberg (2006) |
| Lorin et al. (2014) |
| |
| GFF 37 +2 other references |
| Sandström et al. (2011) |
| Hellingwerf (1985) |
| |
| Grensman (1991) |
| Damman (1989) |
| Gatedal (n.d.) |
| Nordfeldt (2025) +1 other reference |
| Gatedal (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Personal communication with geologists ... |
| Erland Grip et al. (1973) |
|
Switzerland | |
| [var: Ruby] Stalder et al. (1998) |
| [var: Ruby] Stalder et al. (1998) |
| [var: Ruby] Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Rovetti et al. (1994) +2 other references |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Weiβ et al. (2007) |
|
Syria | |
| Moore et al. (2020) |
|
Taiwan | |
| Kono et al. (1934) +1 other reference |
|
Tajikistan | |
| |
| Levitskii V.I. (1990) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby] Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Grew et al. (1998) |
| [var: Ruby] gemexplorer.org (2013) |
| [var: Ruby] Litvinenko A.K. (2010) |
| Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| [var: Ruby] Sorokina et al. (2015) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Litvinenko +10 other references |
| [var: Ruby] Smith (1998) |
| [var: Ruby] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| [var: Ruby] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
|
Tanzania | |
| |
| [var: Ruby] - (2002) |
| [var: Ruby] Keulen (2014) +2 other references |
| [var: Ruby] Le Goff et al. (2010) |
| [var: Ruby] Yang et al. (2025) |
| [var: Ruby] Hintze (2010) |
| [var: Ruby] Yang +2 other references |
| [var: Ruby] Natural History Museum Vienna collection (prismatic ruby crystals in matrix with the locality label "Ijaka" were sold in autumn 2025 by Dr. Matthias Reich, www.minemineralmarket.com) |
| Grew et al. (1998) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Schmetzer et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Zachary Powell collection |
| [var: Ruby] Larson (2004) |
| [var: Sapphire] www.ganoksin.com (2008) |
| [var: Ruby] Le Goff et al. (2010) |
| [var: Ruby] Thomas Krassmann Collection |
| Maaskant et al. (1980) |
| [var: Ruby] Keulen (2014) |
| [var: Ruby] Hintze (2011) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Hintze (2011) |
| [var: Ruby] Hintze (2011) |
| Abart et al. (2009) |
| [var: Ruby] Hamza Kondo |
| [var: Ruby] USGS (2003) |
| [var: Sapphire] USGS (2003) |
| [var: Sapphire] USGS (2003) |
| [var: Sapphire] The 1995 ICA World Gemstone Mining ... |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] USGS (2003) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] USGS (2003) +1 other reference |
| Keulen (2014) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, var: Star Corundum, Sapphire var: Padparadscha] Zwaan (1974) +2 other references |
| [var: Sapphire] en.wikipedia.org (n.d.) |
| Keulen (2014) |
|
Thailand | |
| |
| [var: Sapphire] Part II +13 other references |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Gübelin et al. (1976) |
| [var: Sapphire, Sapphire var: Star Sapphire] Louis (1894) |
| Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| Gübelin et al. (1976) |
| [var: Sapphire] Limsuwan +2 other references |
| [var: Sapphire] Barr et al. (1979) +2 other references |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| [var: Ruby] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| [var: Ruby] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
| [var: Ruby] Li et al. (2023) |
| [var: Ruby] Kievlenko et al. (2003) |
|
Togo | |
| GODONOU +1 other reference |
|
Turkey | |
| Yigit (2012) |
| e-collection.library.ethz.ch (n.d.) |
| Smith J L (1851) |
| Kozlu et al. (2014) |
| [var: Sapphire] Hati̇poğlu et al. (2021) |
| Hikmet Kinaci et al. (2023) |
| Erik Vercammen collection |
|
Uganda | |
| von Knorring et al. (1979) |
|
UK | |
| [var: Sapphire] Wilson (1975) |
| Hogg (1825) |
| [var: Sapphire] Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Greg et al. (1858) +2 other references |
| Greg et al. (1858) +2 other references |
| [var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Sapphire] Day (1999) |
| |
| [var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Sapphire] Bowen et al. (1924) |
| [var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Sapphire] Smith (1965) +1 other reference |
- Fort William and Ardnamurchan
| [var: Sapphire] |
| National Museums Scotland Mineral ... |
| Ferry (1996) |
| [var: Sapphire] Jackson +1 other reference |
|
Ukraine | |
| Rappenglück (2022) |
| Poliakovska et al. (2023) |
| [var: Titanium-bearing Corundum] Yatsenko et al. (2021) |
| Petaev (1995) |
| Fleischer (1969) |
| Yatsenko et al. (2020) |
| Yatsenko et al. (2017) |
| Strebel et al. (2000) |
| YATSENKO et al. (2020) +1 other reference |
| Liventseva (n.d.) |
| Lyckberg et al. (2009) |
|
United Arab Emirates | |
| |
|
Uruguay | |
| Palache et al. (1944) +1 other reference |
|
USA | |
| Cook et al. (1982) |
| [var: Sapphire] Ransom (1974) |
| Cook et al. (1982) |
| Cook et al. (1982) |
| Cook et al. (1982) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Ransom (1974) |
| Cook et al. (1982) |
| Dean (1995) |
| Cook et al. (1982) |
| Cook et al. (1982) |
| Cook et al. (1982) |
| Cook et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
| Cook et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
| Cook et al. (1982) |
| Cook et al. (1982) |
| Cook et al. (1982) |
| Cook et al. (1982) |
- Valdez-Cordova Census Area
- Chistochina Mining District
| - (2008) |
- Tohono O'odom (Papago) Indian Reservation
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| MRDS file #10060260. |
- Casa Grande Mining District
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10234920 |
- Gila River Indian Reservation
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10026747 +1 other reference |
| MRDS database Dep. ID #10113678 |
| Wilson (1969) +1 other reference |
| Bideaux et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
| McKee (1971) +1 other reference |
| Smith (1988) |
| Howard (2007) |
| [var: Sapphire] Murdoch (1966) |
| MOHs test |
- Sutter Mill Bar and River (Old Sutter Mill site)
| Zhao et al. (2014) |
| Page et al. (1967) +2 other references |
| Sharp (1959) +2 other references |
| [var: Sapphire] Eaton |
| Gay et al. (1954) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] being a report of the California State ... +3 other references |
| Bradley (1941) +2 other references |
| Rose (1957) +3 other references |
| Peck (1924) +6 other references |
- Edmanton Mining District (Meadow Valley Mining District)
| Lawson (1903) +4 other references |
| Kunz (1900) +4 other references |
| [var: Sapphire] Webb (1943) |
| MacMurphy (1930) |
| - (2005) |
| [micromounts@yahoogroups.com] |
| Cooney (1956) +3 other references |
- Menifee Mining District (Auld Mining District)
| Webb (1943) +2 other references |
| - (2005) |
- Soboba Hot Springs (Ritchey Hot Springs; White Sulphur Spring)
| Shawn Underwood Collection |
| [var: Sapphire] - (2005) |
| [var: Sapphire] Rynerson +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Eaton +5 other references |
| Schmeltz (1932) +1 other reference |
- Tule Mountain (Mount Tule; Tulley Mountain)
| Merrill +1 other reference |
| Merrill +1 other reference |
| Schaller (1905) +2 other references |
| Spry et al. (2022) |
| U.S. Geological Survey Professional ... +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| [var: Sapphire] Pearl (1958) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
- Clear Creek pegmatite Province
| U.S. Geological Survey Professional ... +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) +2 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
- Clear Creek pegmatite Province
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
- Evergreen Mining District (Malachite Mining District)
| Spry et al. (2022) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| [var: Sapphire] Eckel et al. (1997) |
| [var: Sapphire] Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Spry et al. (2022) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
- Cripple Creek Mining District
| Linda Semenyna P.Geo. (2014) |
| Linda Semenyna P.Geo. (2014) |
| Carnein et al. (2005) |
| Cook (2008) |
| [var: Sapphire] former Ronald Januzzi collection. |
| Shepard Collection |
| Emerson (1902) |
| Cleaveland (1822) +3 other references |
| Harvard Mineralogical Museum specimen |
| [var: Sapphire] Januzzi |
| [var: Sapphire] Januzzi et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Januzzi (1959) +1 other reference |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Shepard (1837) |
| Weber et al. (1995) |
| Corundum and the peridotites of western ... |
| Florida Geological Survey Spec. Pub. 35 |
| Miller (1945) |
| Miller (1945) |
| Marc V. Hurst (2012) |
| Miller (1945) |
| Miller (1945) |
| Miller (1945) |
| Miller (1945) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Econ Geol (1991) |
| [var: Ruby] Ransom (1974) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Hopkins (1914) +1 other reference |
| Cook (1978) |
| Ransom (1974) |
| Cook (1978) |
| King (1894) +1 other reference |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| [var: Ruby] - (1917) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Van Gosen (2005) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| 98-100. +2 other references |
| Van Gosen (2005) |
| Cook (1978) |
| [var: Ruby] - (1917) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Hopkins (1914) +1 other reference |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Van Gosen (2005) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Rocks & Min.: 64:203. |
| [var: Ruby] - (1917) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Rocks & Min.:64:204. |
| Cook (1978) |
| Rocks & Min.:64:204. |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| [var: Ruby] - (1917) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Rocks & Min.: 64:205. |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) |
| [var: Ruby] Ransom (1974) |
| - (2005) |
| Ream (1995) |
| Rocks & Min.: 9:165. |
| Ream (1995) |
| Ream (2004) |
- Pierce City Mining District (Placer Mining District)
| - (2005) |
| Ream (1995) |
| [var: Sapphire] Dake (1956) |
| [var: Sapphire] Dake (1956) |
| Ream (1995) |
| Ream (2004) |
| - (2005) |
| Ream (2004) |
| - (2005) |
| Ream (1995) |
| Hwang et al. (2015) |
| Ream (2004) |
- Silver City Mining District (Carson Mining District)
| Ream (1995) |
| Ream (1995) |
- Marble Creek Mining District
| [var: Sapphire] - (2005) |
| Ream (1995) |
| - (2005) |
| Carlson et al. (2021) |
| Blatchley et al. (1903) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Blatchley et al. (1903) |
| [var: Sapphire] Paul J. Horick (1974) |
| Zinner et al. (2003) |
| King et al. (1994) |
- Blue Hill - Castine Mining District
| King et al. (1994) |
| Thompson et al. (1998) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Miller (1945) |
| Kaye et al. (1965) |
| Kaye et al. (1965) |
| Lincks (1978) |
| Alan R. Plante |
| Alan R. Plante |
| Lincks (1978) |
| Alan R. Plante |
| Alan R. Plante |
| Alan R. Plante |
| [var: Sapphire] Emerson (1917) +1 other reference |
| Kaye et al. (1965) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Hall (1998) |
| Ransom (1974) |
| Am Min 49:430-435 +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Tony Nikischer and Luis Menezes |
| [var: Sapphire] Ransom (1974) |
| [var: Sapphire] Gobla (2012) |
| Betts (n.d.) |
| - (2005) |
| Dragon Minerals specimen label |
| - (2005) |
| Rocks & Min.: 20:60. |
| Dana 6:A3:10 +3 other references |
| Heinrich |
| Rocks & Min.: 20:60. |
| Gübelin et al. (1976) |
| [var: Sapphire] Luetcke (n.d.) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] USGS Bull 269 |
| - (2005) |
| Econ Geol (1984) |
| Berg (2007) |
| [var: Ruby] Ransom (1974) |
| [var: Sapphire] If there is sapphire there must be ... |
| [var: Sapphire] Gübelin et al. (1976) |
| [var: Sapphire] U.S. BUR. MINES IC 7602 |
| [var: Sapphire] MONTANA BUREAU OF MINES & GEOLOGY ... |
| [var: Sapphire] Tucker (n.d.) +1 other reference |
- Helena Mining District (Spring Hill Mining District)
| [var: Sapphire] Richard Gunter specimen +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Tucker (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Mike Royal specimen |
- Alder Gulch Mining District (Virginia City Mining District; Fairweather Mining District)
| [Ruby var: Star Ruby] Gobla (2012) |
| - (2005) |
| Collection Arliguie M |
| Gobla (2012) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] USGS Bull 269 |
| Gobla (2012) |
- Tidal Wave Mining District
| Winchell (1914) |
| [var: Sapphire] USGS Bull 269 |
| [var: Sapphire] Ransom (1974) |
- Butte Mining District (Summit Valley Mining District)
| [var: Sapphire] Berg (2007) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
- Buckskin Mining District (Smith Valley Mining District)
| NBMG Bull 73 Geology and Mineral ... |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Riedell et al. (2020) |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Ross (1961) +1 other reference |
- Hawthorne Mining District (Pamlico Mining District)
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
- Barcelona Mining District (Spanish Belt Mining District)
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
- Rochester Mining District
| Ma et al. (2006) |
| Smith (2005) |
| Schumacher and Robinson (6) |
| |
| Ransom (1974) |
| [var: Ruby] Ransom (1974) |
| Palache (1935) |
| Betancourt (The Picking Table, Vol. 27) |
| Dunn (1995) |
| Rocks & Min.: 21:416 |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Palache (1935) |
| Palache (1935) |
| Lemanski +3 other references |
| A Quest for New Jersey Minerals (1978) |
| The Minerals of NYC & Its Environs et al. (1931) |
| van Rossen (2026) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| [var: Sapphire] Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Maxwell et al. (1986) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Robinson et al. (2007) |
| King (n.d.) |
| John H. Betts (2009) |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Glenn Rhein |
| Manchester (1931) |
| [var: Sapphire] Ransom (1974) |
| Petersen et al. (1989) |
| Chamberlain et al. (2014) |
| A.Mathauser collection +1 other reference |
| McKie (1963) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Manchester (1931) +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Min.: 7:91 +1 other reference |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Rocks & Min.: 17:107. |
| Rocks & Min.: 15: 375. |
| [var: Ruby] |
| [var: Sapphire] www.mcrocks.com |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| [var: Sapphire] Magma Field Trip Reports |
| USGS Bull 1979 |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| Everett Harrington |
| Rocks & Min.:60:86. |
| Scott D. Giorgis et al. (2002) |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| Genth (1891) +1 other reference |
| Genth (1891) +1 other reference |
| American Mineralogist 27:233 |
| Hadley et al. (1945) |
| Dana 6:515 +1 other reference |
| Hadley et al. (1945) |
| Hadley et al. (1945) |
| Richard James Jacquot |
| Hadley et al. (1945) |
| Hadley et al. (1945) |
| Hadley et al. (1945) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Streeter (2003) |
| Pratt et al. (1906) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Rocks & Min.:60:88. |
| Joseph H. Pratt (1901) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| [var: Sapphire] Agortino et al. (1985) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Betts (n.d.) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] U.S Bureau of Mines (MAS/MILS) |
| Genth et al. (1881) |
| Genth et al. (1881) +1 other reference |
| Genth (1891) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Genth (1891) +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Wegert (2006) |
| [var: Sapphire] Richard James Jacquot +1 other reference |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| [var: Sapphire] - (2005) |
| Carolina Geological Society Annual ... +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Genth (1891) +1 other reference |
| ... |
| Pratt et al. (1905) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Wilson et al. (1978) |
| Dana 6:1077. |
| White (1979) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| North Carolina NOA Site Screening ... +2 other references |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Rocks & Min.: 23: 413. |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| [var: Ruby] Rocks & Min.: 60:56. |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] |
| [var: Ruby] Dyar et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Rocks & Min.:60:55. |
| [var: Ruby] U.S Bureau of Mines (MAS/MILS) |
| [var: Ruby] Wilson et al. (1978) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] U.S Bureau of Mines (MAS/MILS) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] U.S Bureau of Mines |
| [var: Ruby] U.S Bureau of Mines |
| USGS Bull 1042G |
| Rocks & Minerals: 23: 414. +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby] |
| [var: Ruby] Dana 7:I:678 & 694. |
| [var: Sapphire] Rocks & Min.:60:54. +1 other reference |
| Friedman (1952) |
| Dana 6:385. |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] www.rosecreekmine.com (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Dana 6:1077. |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] U.S Bureau of Mines |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Wilson et al. (1978) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] U.S Bureau of Mines |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] U.S Bureau of Mines |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] U.S Bureau of Mines |
| [var: Ruby] U.S Bureau of Mines |
| - (2005) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Eckert +1 other reference |
| [var: Sapphire] Wilson et al. (1978) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Wilson et al. (1978) |
| [var: Sapphire] Wilson et al. (1978) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] joseph Hyde Pratt and Joseph Volney Lewis (1905) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Wilson et al. (1978) |
| [var: Ruby] Dana 6: 1077. |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Wilson et al. (1978) |
| - (2005) |
| Dana 6:1077. |
| Rocks & Min.: 17:62 +1 other reference |
| Genth (1891) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Genth (1891) +1 other reference |
| Genth (1891) +1 other reference |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| Genth (1891) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| [var: Sapphire] |
| - (n.d.) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Richard James Jacquot |
| - (2005) |
| [var: Ruby] Norwood (1972) |
| Genth (1891) +1 other reference |
| Speer (1997) |
| Corundum and the peridotites of western ... |
| C.W. Allen collection |
| Wilson et al. (1978) |
| Gordon (1922) |
| Grant (Feb, 1971) +1 other reference |
| ... |
| Joe Dunleavy (Pers. Comm.) |
| Gordon (1922) |
| AmMin 24:339 |
| Gordon (1922) |
| The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania 1922 +1 other reference |
| Sloto (2019) |
| Broedel (1961) |
| Ransom (1974) |
| [var: Sapphire] Earle Sloan (1908) |
| Bill Kohout |
| [var: Sapphire] |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Earle Sloan (1908) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
| Earle Sloan (1908) |
| |
| Pratt (1906) |
| Earle Sloan (1908) |
| - (2005) |
| AmMin 85:1617-1624 |
| Rocks & Minerals: 67 (6) +2 other references |
- Walnut Mountain Mining District
| W.S. Bayley (1922) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
- Sandy Mountain pegmatites
| Smith (1991) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1998 62 : 265-269 |
| Bullock (1981) |
| [var: Sapphire] Bullock (1981) |
| [var: Ruby] - (2005) |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996) |
| Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996) |
| Dale (1909) |
| Nielson (1973) |
| Nielson (1973) |
| Owens et al. (2013) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Ransom (1974) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| - (2005) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dana 7:694 |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Cannon (1975) +1 other reference |
- Silver Hill Mining District
| USGS Bull 931H |
| Cannon (1975) |
- Iron Ridge Mining District (Neda Iron Mining District)
| Hawley (1934) |
| [var: Sapphire] Hausel et al. (2001) |
| [var: Ruby] Hausel et al. (2001) |
| [var: Ruby] Hausel et al. (2001) |
| [var: Sapphire] Rocks & Minerals (2001) |
| [var: Ruby] Hausel et al. (2001) |
| Hausel et al. (2001) |
|
Uzbekistan | |
| Golovko et al. (2010) |
|
Vietnam | |
| |
| [var: Sapphire] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
| [var: Sapphire] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
| [var: Sapphire] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
| [var: Sapphire] "Mario Lazzerini Denchi" Collection |
| [var: Sapphire] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
| [var: Sapphire] Smith et al. (1995) |
| [var: Sapphire] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
| [var: Sapphire] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
| [var: Sapphire] Izokh +6 other references |
| [var: Sapphire] P.I. Fedorov and A.V. Koloskov (2005) |
| [var: Sapphire] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
| [var: Sapphire] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
| [var: Sapphire] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
| [var: Sapphire] Smith et al. (1995) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Long et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Nguyôn et al. (2005) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
| Nguyôn et al. (2005) |
| [var: Sapphire] Shigley et al. (2010) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Betts (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Kievlenko et al. (2003) +2 other references |
| Blauwet (2006) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Le Thi-Thu Huong et al. (2016) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Trapiche ruby] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Garnier et al. (2008) +2 other references |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire, Ruby var: Star Ruby] Pham Van Long et al. (2004) |
|
Yemen | |
| Dan Carlson Collection |
|
Zimbabwe | |
| [var: Sapphire] Cairncross (2004) |
| Schreyer (1988) +2 other references |
| Cairncross (2004) |
| Cairncross (2004) |
| [var: Sapphire] Cairncross (2004) |
| Grew et al. (1997) |
| Cairncross (2004) |
| [var: Ruby] 159 pages. +1 other reference |
| Bartholomew (1990) |
| [var: Sapphire] Cairncross (2004) |
| [var: Ruby] Cairncross (2004) |
| Cairncross (2004) |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] Rocks & Minerals (1955) +1 other reference |
| [var: Ruby, var: Sapphire] - (2011) |
| Cairncross (2004) |
|
Mars | |
| Ollila et al. (2026) |
|
Outer Space | |
| |
| Gornitz (2007) +1 other reference |
|
The Moon | |
| |
| El Goresy et al. (1971) |
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Corundum.
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The 
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
Ratnapura, Ratnapura District, Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka