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Avicennite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About AvicenniteHide

06843900017271921312377.jpg
Abū ‘Alī al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā'
Formula:
Tl3+2O3
Colour:
Greyish black with brownish black tint
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
1½ - 2½
Specific Gravity:
8.9
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
For the medieval Uzbek (Persian) scholar and physician, Abu 'Ali al-Husayn ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980-1037), who lived in Bukhara, Uzbekistan.
This page provides mineralogical data about Avicennite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
437
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:437:6

IMA Classification of AvicenniteHide

Classification of AvicenniteHide

4.CB.10

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
4.3.8.1

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
7.7.3

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
7 : Oxides of Group III metals other than Al

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
AvcIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of AvicenniteHide

Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Greyish black with brownish black tint
Streak:
Greyish black, black with a brownish tint
Hardness:
1½ - 2½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN25=46 - 80 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Very brittle
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Hackly, Conchoidal
Density:
8.9 g/cm3 (Measured)    10.34 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of AvicenniteHide

Type:
Isotropic
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1 (%)
400nm11.5%
470nm12.5%
500nm13.0%
546nm12.7%
589nm12.3%
650nm10.6%
700nm11.5%


Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 13.0%.
Colour in reflected light:
Pale grey to medium grey

Chemistry of AvicenniteHide

Mindat Formula:
Tl3+2O3
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Tl89.492 %
O10.508 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Tl
O
Common Impurities:
Fe

Chemical AnalysisHide

Crystallography of AvicenniteHide

Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3(2/m3) - Diploidal
Space Group:
Ia3
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.5468 Å
Unit Cell V:
1,173.17 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
16
Morphology:
Crystals, less than 1 mm, some showing subhedral octahedral faces; porous grains; coatings on carlinite

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0015057AvicenniteOtto H H, Baltrusch R, Brant H J (1993) Further evidence for Tl3+ in Tl-based superconductors from improved bond strength parameters involving new structural data of cubic Tl2O3 Physica C 215 205-20819930293
0017672AvicenniteZachariasen W (1928) Untersuchungen ueber die Kristallstruktur von Sesquioxyden und Verbindungen A B O3 _cod_database_code 1010952 Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo 1928 1-16519280293
0017649AvicenniteZachariasen W (1927) The crystal structure of the modification C of the sesquioxides of the rare earth metals, and of indium and thallium. _cod_database_code 1010927 Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 9 310-31619270293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.044 Å(100)
1.864 Å(38)
2.637 Å(37)
1.590 Å(30)
4.307 Å(17)
2.068 Å(7)
2.486 Å(6)
Comments:
Recorded on material from Carlin, Nevada, USA.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals]
Geological Setting:
Oxidation product of carlinite in carbonaceous gold ores in silicified limestones and quartz (Carlin, Nevada, USA).

Type Occurrence of AvicenniteHide

Place of Conservation of Type Material:
n.d.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Weathered zone of a hematite-calcite vein cutting banded marmorized and silicified limestones near a granite-gneiss contact.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Other Language Names for AvicenniteHide

French:Avicennite
German:Avicennit
Norwegian:Avicennitt
Simplified Chinese:褐铊矿
Spanish:Avicennita

Varieties of AvicenniteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
15 photos of Avicennite associated with 'Chert'
6 photos of Avicennite associated with ParapierrotiteTlSb5S8
4 photos of Avicennite associated with QuartzSiO2
3 photos of Avicennite associated with TripuhyiteFe3+Sb5+O4
2 photos of Avicennite associated with ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O
2 photos of Avicennite associated with StibiconiteSb3+Sb5+2O6(OH)
1 photo of Avicennite associated with JarositeKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
1 photo of Avicennite associated with KermesiteSb2S2O
1 photo of Avicennite associated with HematiteFe2O3
1 photo of Avicennite associated with Hydroxycalcioroméite(Ca,Sb3+)2(Sb5+,Ti)2O6(OH)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.CB.Magnesiohögbomite-6N12SMg5Al11TiO23(OH)Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
4.CB.KidoditeBaMg2Fe16O27Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CB.Ferrohögbomite-2N2S[(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.Zhenruite(MoO3)2 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
4.CB.FuyuaniteMg7Nb6O18(OH)8Trig. 3 : P3
4.CB.VirgilluethiteMoO3 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
4.CB.Pengite(Pb8Sb3+3)Σ11Sb5+9O35Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
4.CB.05BrizziiteNaSb5+O3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05TistariteTi3+2O3Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
4.CB.05HematiteFe2O3Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
4.CB.05EcandrewsiteZnTiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05MelanostibiteMn2+2Fe3+Sb5+O6Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05'UM1998-11-O-AuHSb'Au+2Sb3+O2(OH)
4.CB.05KarelianiteV3+2O3Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
4.CB.05CorundumAl2O3Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
4.CB.05EskolaiteCr2O3Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
4.CB.05GeikieliteMgTiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05AkimotoiteMgSiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05'Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide)'FeCrO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05'Auroantimonate'AuSbO3
4.CB.05HemleyiteFe2+SiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05IlmeniteFe2+TiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05PyrophaniteMn2+TiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.10Bixbyite-(Fe)(Fe,Mn)2O3Iso.
4.CB.10Bixbyite-(Mn)Mn3+2O3Iso. m3(2/m3) : Ia3
4.CB.15ArmalcoliteMgTi4+2O5Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
4.CB.15FerropseudobrookiteFe2+Ti4+2O5Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15GriffiniteAl2Ti4+O5Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15Pseudobrookite Group
4.CB.15SassiteTi3+2Ti4+O5Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15PseudobrookiteFe3+2Ti4+O5Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.20Zincovelesite-6N6SZn3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti)8O15(OH)Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N4S(Mg8.43Fe2+1.57)Σ=10Al22Ti4+2O46(OH)2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.20Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S(Mg6Al2)(Al18Fe3+2)O38(OH)2 Trig. 3m : P3m1
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N6S[(Zn,Mg)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti)16O31(OH)]2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S[(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]6Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S[(Mg,Fe2+,Zn)4(Al,Ti,Fe3+)10O19(OH)]2Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31m
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S[(Mg,Fe2+)3[Al7(Ti,Fe3+)]O15(OH)]2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.20'Ferrohögbomite-6N12S'[(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N2S[(Zn,Al,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+,Ti)8O15(OH)]2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.25KleberiteFeTi6O11(OH)5Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.CB.25PseudorutileFe3+2Ti4+3O9Hex. 622 : P6322
4.CB.30OxyvaniteV3+2V4+O5Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.30BerdesinskiiteV3+2TiO5Mon.
4.CB.30KaitianiteTi3+2Ti4+O5Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35MachiiteAl2Ti3O9Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35Vestaite(Ti4+Fe2+)Ti4+3O9Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35Olkhonskite(Cr,V)2Ti3O9Mon.
4.CB.35SchreyeriteV3+2Ti4+3O9Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.40Zincorinmanite-(Zn)Zn2Sb2(Fe3+4Zn2)O14(OH)2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.40MajindeiteMg2Mo3O8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.40AlmagreraiteCuZnMn4+3O8Orth. mm2 : Pmn21
4.CB.40KamiokiteFe2Mo3O8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.40NolaniteV3+8Fe3+2O14(OH)2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.40IseiteMn2Mo3O8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.40RinmaniteZn2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2Hex. 6 : P63
4.CB.45StibioclaudetiteAsSbO3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
4.CB.45ClaudetiteAs2O3Mon. 2/m
4.CB.50SenarmontiteSb2O3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.CB.50ArsenoliteAs2O3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.CB.55ValentiniteSb2O3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pccn
4.CB.60BismiteBi2O3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.CB.65SphaerobismoiteBi2O3Tet.
4.CB.70SilléniteBi12SiO20Iso. 23 : I23
4.CB.75KyzylkumiteV3+Ti2O5(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
4.CB.80'Tietaiyangite'Fe3+4Fe2+TiO9Hex.
4.CB.85LiuiteFeTiO3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.CB.90LuogufengiteFe2O3Orth. mm2 : Pna21
4.CB.95WangdaodeiteFeTiO3Trig. 3m : R3c

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
Contains thallium - always wash hands after handling. Avoid inhaling dust when handling or breaking. Never lick or ingest.

Internet Links for AvicenniteHide

References for AvicenniteHide

Localities for AvicenniteHide

Showing 14 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
China
 
  • Anhui
    • Ma'anshan
      • He County
Fan et al. (2005)
  • Tibet
    • Qamdo Prefecture (Changdu Prefecture)
      • Lhorong Co. (Luolong Co.)
Shuihe Mao et al. (1989)
Greenland
 
  • Kujalleq
Petersen (2001)
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (1999)
North Macedonia
 
  • Kavadarci Municipality
    • Ržanovo
Djordjevic et al. (2021)
Russia
 
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Milkovsky District
      • Tolbachik Volcanic field
        • Mountain 1004
Pekov et al. (2026)
  • Sakha
    • Aldansky District
      • Upper Amga gold-mining district
Anisimova et al. (2020) +2 other references
[var: Sb-rich Avicennite] Anisimova et al. (2025)
          • Verkhneamginskaya auriferous zone
Kasatkin et al. (2022)
Switzerland
 
  • Basel-Landschaft
    • Sissach
      • Buus
Voegelin et al. (2015) +2 other references
USA
 
  • Nevada
    • Eureka County
      • Lynn Mining District
Radtke et al. (1978) +1 other reference
  • Utah
    • Tooele County
      • Lookout Pass Mining District
        • Little Valley
Mineralogical Society of America - ... +2 other references
Uzbekistan (TL)
 
  • Samarqand
    • Zirabulak Mountain (Zirabulakskie Mountain)
Karpova et al. (1958) +2 other references
 
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