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Senarmontite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Senarmontite

Djebel Hammimat Mine, Aïn Babouche, Ain Babouche District, Oum el Bouaghi Province, Algeria

Senarmontite

Pereta Mine, Scansano, Grosseto Province, Tuscany, Italy

Senarmontite

Tafone mine, Manciano, Grosseto Province, Tuscany, Italy

Senarmontite

Djebel Hammimat Mine, Aïn Babouche, Ain Babouche District, Oum el Bouaghi Province, Algeria

Senarmontite

Pereta Mine, Scansano, Grosseto Province, Tuscany, Italy

Senarmontite

Tafone mine, Manciano, Grosseto Province, Tuscany, Italy

Senarmontite

Djebel Hammimat Mine, Aïn Babouche, Ain Babouche District, Oum el Bouaghi Province, Algeria

Senarmontite

Pereta Mine, Scansano, Grosseto Province, Tuscany, Italy

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About SenarmontiteHide

Henri H. de Sénarmont

Formula:

Sb₂O₃

Colour:

Colourless to gray

Lustre:

Sub-Adamantine, Resinous

Hardness:

2 - 2½

Specific Gravity:

5.5

Crystal System:

Isometric

Name:

Named by J.D. Dana in 1851 in honor of Henri Hureau de Sénarmont (6 September 1808, Broué, France – 30 June 1862, Paris, France), Professor of Mineralogy, School of Mines, Paris, who first described the species. De Sénarmont also made significant contributions to the study of polarization and demonstrating the anisotropy of heat diffusion in a crystal.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Djebel Hammimat Mine, Aïn Babouche, Ain Babouche District, Oum el Bouaghi Province, Algeria

Dimorph of:

Valentinite

Isostructural with:

Arsenolite

This page provides mineralogical data about Senarmontite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3618

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3618:0

IMA Classification of SenarmontiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Sb³⁺₂O₃

First published:

1851

Classification of SenarmontiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

4.CB.50

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations

Dana 8th ed.:

4.3.9.2

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A₂X₃

Hey's CIM Ref.:

7.13.3

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
13 : Oxides of As, Sb and Bi

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Sen	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Sen	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of SenarmontiteHide

Lustre:

Sub-Adamantine, Resinous

Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Colour:

Colourless to gray

Streak:

White

Hardness:

2 - 2½ on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Poor/Indistinct
{111} in traces.

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven

Density:

5.5 g/cm³ (Measured) 5.584 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of SenarmontiteHide

Type:

Isotropic

RI values:

n = 2.087

Surface Relief:

Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Anisotropism:

Strong anomalous anisotropism, sectored or zoned.

Chemistry of SenarmontiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Sb₂O₃

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Sb	83.535 %
O	16.465 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

O, Sb - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of SenarmontiteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fd3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 11.1519(2) Å

Unit Cell V:

1,386.90 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Octahedral crystals, modified by cube and dodecahedron.

Comment:

On synthetic material

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0015530	Senarmontite	Zav'yalova A A, Imamov R M (1975) About the structure of the cubic modification of Sb2O3 Soviet Journal of Coordination Chemistry 1 1186-1188	1975	synthetic	293
0009536	Senarmontite	Svensson C (1975) Refinement of the crystal structure of cubic antiomony trioxide, Sb2O3 Acta Crystallographica B31 2016-2018	1975	synthetic	293
0014075	Senarmontite	Bozorth R M (1923) The crystal structures of the cubic forms of arsenious and antimonous oxides Journal of the American Chemical Society 45 1621-1627	1923	Mt. Hamimat, Algeria	293
0012430	Senarmontite	Whitten A E, Dittrich B, Spackman M A, Turner P, Brown T C (2004) Charge density analysis of two polymorphs of antimony(III) oxide Dalton Transactions 2004 23-29	2004		293
0010494	Senarmontite	Dehlinger U (1927) Uber die kristallstruktur der antimonoxyde Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 66 108-119	1927		293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Senarmontite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Zav'yalova A A'
'Imamov R M'
_journal_name_full 'Soviet Journal of Coordination Chemistry'
_journal_volume 1 
_journal_year 1975
_journal_page_first 1186
_journal_page_last 1188
_publ_section_title
;
 About the structure of the cubic modification of Sb2O3
 Note: y(O) and z(O) corrected
;
_database_code_amcsd 0015530
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Sb2 O3'
_cell_length_a 11.10
_cell_length_b 11.10
_cell_length_c 11.10
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 1367.631
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      5.663
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F d 3 m'
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loop_
_atom_site_label
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_atom_site_fract_y
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_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Sb  -0.11500  -0.11500  -0.11500   0.01520
O   0.19500   0.00000   0.00000   0.02026

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Loading XRD data...

2θ (degrees) d-spacing (Å)

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
6.44 Å	(12)
3.218 Å	(100)
2.788 Å	(40)
2.559 Å	(11)
1.972 Å	(42)
1.681 Å	(35)
1.279 Å	(12)

Comments:

Synthetic.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates]
47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals]

Type Occurrence of SenarmontiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Djebel Hammimat Mine, Aïn Babouche, Ain Babouche District, Oum el Bouaghi Province, Algeria

General Appearance of Type Material:

Cavernous masses composed of capillary filaments, parallel or slightly divergent. Also in saccharoid masses, granular or compact, with cavities of octahedral crystals to 1 cm.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

No designated type material.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Oxidation zone of an antimony deposit.

Synonyms of SenarmontiteHide

Sénarmontite

Other Language Names for SenarmontiteHide

Dutch:Senarmontiet

German:Senarmontit

Russian:Сенармонтит

Simplified Chinese:方锑矿

Spanish:Senarmontita

Traditional Chinese:方銻礦

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

72 photos of Senarmontite associated with Stibnite	Sb₂S₃
57 photos of Senarmontite associated with Valentinite	Sb₂O₃
37 photos of Senarmontite associated with Kermesite	Sb₂S₂O
18 photos of Senarmontite associated with Stibiconite	Sb³⁺Sb⁵⁺₂O₆(OH)
15 photos of Senarmontite associated with Native Antimony	Sb
12 photos of Senarmontite associated with Native Sulphur	S₈
10 photos of Senarmontite associated with Baryte	BaSO₄
10 photos of Senarmontite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
7 photos of Senarmontite associated with Metastibnite	Sb₂S₃
6 photos of Senarmontite associated with Celestine	SrSO₄

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.CB.	Magnesiohögbomite-6N12S	Mg₅Al₁₁TiO₂₃(OH)	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
4.CB.	Kidodite	BaMg₂Fe₁₆O₂₇	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.CB.	Ferrohögbomite-2N2S	[(Fe²⁺,Mg,Zn,Al)₃(Al,Ti,Fe³⁺)₈O₁₅(OH)]₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.	Zhenruite	(MoO₃)₂ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
4.CB.	Fuyuanite	Mg₇Nb₆O₁₈(OH)₈	Trig. 3 : P3
4.CB.	Virgilluethite	MoO₃ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.CB.	Pengite	(Pb₈Sb³⁺₃)_Σ11Sb⁵⁺₉O₃₅	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
4.CB.05	Brizziite	NaSb⁵⁺O₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05	Tistarite	Ti³⁺₂O₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
4.CB.05	Hematite	Fe₂O₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
4.CB.05	Ecandrewsite	ZnTiO₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05	Melanostibite	Mn²⁺₂Fe³⁺Sb⁵⁺O₆	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05	'UM1998-11-O-AuHSb'	Au⁺₂Sb³⁺O₂(OH)
4.CB.05	Karelianite	V³⁺₂O₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
4.CB.05	Corundum	Al₂O₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
4.CB.05	Eskolaite	Cr₂O₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
4.CB.05	Geikielite	MgTiO₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05	Akimotoite	MgSiO₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05	'Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide)'	FeCrO₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05	'Auroantimonate'	AuSbO₃
4.CB.05	Hemleyite	Fe²⁺SiO₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05	Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05	Pyrophanite	Mn²⁺TiO₃	Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.10	Bixbyite-(Fe)	(Fe,Mn)₂O₃	Iso.
4.CB.10	Bixbyite-(Mn)	Mn³⁺₂O₃	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Ia3
4.CB.10	Avicennite	Tl³⁺₂O₃	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Ia3
4.CB.15	Armalcolite	MgTi⁴⁺₂O₅	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
4.CB.15	Ferropseudobrookite	Fe²⁺Ti⁴⁺₂O₅	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15	Griffinite	Al₂Ti⁴⁺O₅	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15	Pseudobrookite Group
4.CB.15	Sassite	Ti³⁺₂Ti⁴⁺O₅	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15	Pseudobrookite	Fe³⁺₂Ti⁴⁺O₅	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.20	Zincovelesite-6N6S	Zn₃(Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺,Al,Ti)₈O₁₅(OH)	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
4.CB.20	Magnesiohögbomite-2N4S	(Mg_8.43Fe²⁺_1.57)_Σ=10Al₂₂Ti⁴⁺₂O₄₆(OH)₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.20	Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S	(Mg₆Al₂)(Al₁₈Fe³⁺₂)O₃₈(OH)₂	Trig. 3m : P3m1
4.CB.20	Zincohögbomite-2N6S	[(Zn,Mg)₇(Al,Fe³⁺,Ti)₁₆O₃₁(OH)]₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.20	Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S	[(Mg,Fe²⁺)₃(Al,Ti,Fe³⁺)₈O₁₅(OH)]₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
4.CB.20	Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S	[(Mg,Fe²⁺,Zn)₄(Al,Ti,Fe³⁺)₁₀O₁₉(OH)]₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31m
4.CB.20	Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S	[(Mg,Fe²⁺)₃[Al₇(Ti,Fe³⁺)]O₁₅(OH)]₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.20	'Ferrohögbomite-6N12S'	[(Fe²⁺,Mg,Zn)₅(Al,Ti,Fe³⁺)₁₂O₂₃(OH)]₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
4.CB.20	Zincohögbomite-2N2S	[(Zn,Al,Fe²⁺)₃(Al,Fe³⁺,Ti)₈O₁₅(OH)]₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.25	Kleberite	FeTi₆O₁₁(OH)₅	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.CB.25	Pseudorutile	Fe³⁺₂Ti⁴⁺₃O₉	Hex. 622 : P6₃22
4.CB.30	Oxyvanite	V³⁺₂V⁴⁺O₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.30	Berdesinskiite	V³⁺₂TiO₅	Mon.
4.CB.30	Kaitianite	Ti³⁺₂Ti⁴⁺O₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35	Machiite	Al₂Ti₃O₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35	Vestaite	(Ti⁴⁺Fe²⁺)Ti⁴⁺₃O₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35	Olkhonskite	(Cr,V)₂Ti₃O₉	Mon.
4.CB.35	Schreyerite	V³⁺₂Ti⁴⁺₃O₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.40	Zincorinmanite-(Zn)	Zn₂Sb₂(Fe³⁺₄Zn₂)O₁₄(OH)₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.40	Majindeite	Mg₂Mo₃O₈	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.40	Almagreraite	CuZnMn⁴⁺₃O₈	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
4.CB.40	Kamiokite	Fe₂Mo₃O₈	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.40	Nolanite	V³⁺₈Fe³⁺₂O₁₄(OH)₂	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.40	Iseite	Mn₂Mo₃O₈	Hex. 6mm : P6₃mc
4.CB.40	Rinmanite	Zn₂Sb₂Mg₂Fe₄O₁₄(OH)₂	Hex. 6 : P6₃
4.CB.45	Stibioclaudetite	AsSbO₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
4.CB.45	Claudetite	As₂O₃	Mon. 2/m
4.CB.50	Arsenolite	As₂O₃	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.CB.55	Valentinite	Sb₂O₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pccn
4.CB.60	Bismite	Bi₂O₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.CB.65	Sphaerobismoite	Bi₂O₃	Tet.
4.CB.70	Sillénite	Bi₁₂SiO₂₀	Iso. 23 : I23
4.CB.75	Kyzylkumite	V³⁺Ti₂O₅(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.CB.80	'Tietaiyangite'	Fe³⁺₄Fe²⁺TiO₉	Hex.
4.CB.85	Liuite	FeTiO₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.CB.90	Luogufengite	Fe₂O₃	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
4.CB.95	Wangdaodeite	FeTiO₃	Trig. 3m : R3c

Other InformationHide

Thermal Behaviour:

In a closed tube, fuses and partially sublimates. Before the blowpipe, on charcoal, fuses easily and gives a white coating.

Notes:

Soluble in HCl.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for SenarmontiteHide

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https://www.mindat.org/min-3618.html
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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for SenarmontiteHide

Reference List:

de Senarmont, H.H. (1851) Note sur l´antimoine oxydé naturel de forme octaédrique. Annales de Chimie et de Physique: 31: 504-507.

Dana, J.D. (1851) Mineralogical Notices. No. III. 1. New species. Octahedral oxyd of antimony. American Journal of Science and Arts: 12: 205-222.

Bozorth, Richard M. (1923) The crystal structures of the cubic forms of arsenious and antimonous oxides. Journal Of The American Chemical Society, 45 (7). 1621-1627 doi:10.1021/ja01660a006

Dehlinger, U. (1927) Über die kristallstruktur der antimonoxyde. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 66: 108-119.

Hocart (1934), Bull. soc. min.: 57: 90.

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.544-545

Mason, Brian, Vitaliano, Charles J. (1953) The mineralogy of the antimony oxides and antimonates. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 30 (221). 100-112 doi:10.1180/minmag.1953.030.221.03

Welin, E. (1969) Notes on the mineralogy of Sweden 6. X-ray powder data for minerals from Långban and the related mineral deposits of Central Sweden. Arkiv för Mineralogi och Geologi, 4 (6, nr 30). 499-541

Beattie, I.R., Livingston, K.M.S., Ozin, G.A., Reynolds, D.J. (1970) Single-crystal Raman spectra of arsenolite (As4O6) and senarmontite (Sb4O6). The gas-phase Raman spectra pf P4O6, P4O10, and As4O6. Journal of the Chemical Society A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical: 1970: 449-451.

Zav'yalova, A.A., Imamov, R.M. (1975) About the structure of the cubic modification of Sb2O3. Soviet Journal of Coordination Chemistry: 1: 1186-1188.

Svensson, C. (1975) Refinement of the crystal structure of cubic antimony trioxide, Sb2O3. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 31 (8) 2016-2018 doi:10.1107/s0567740875006759

Gopalakrishnan, P.S., Manohar, H. (1975) Kinetics and mechanism of the transformation in antimony trioxide from orthorhombic valentinite to cubic senarmontite. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 15. 61-67 doi:10.1016/0022-4596(75)90271-6

Müller, A.; Cyvin, B.N.; Cyvin, S.J.; Pohl, S.; Krebs, B. (1976) Spectroscopic studies of As4O6, Sb4O6, P4S10, Ge4S104− and organometallic compounds containing the M4X6 cage. The Raman and i.r. spectrum of Ge4S104−. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy, 32 (1). 67-74 doi:10.1016/0584-8539(76)80053-0

Whitten, A.E., Dittrich, B., Spackman, M.A., Turner, P., Brown, T.C. (2004) Charge density analysis of two polymorphs of antimony(III) oxide. Dalton Transactions: 2004: 23-29.

(2005) Senarmontite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Hålenius, U., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2015) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2015, CNMNC Newsletter no 28. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (7) 1859-1864 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.7.18

Moseley, Duncan H., Bridges, Craig A., Daemen, Luke L., Zhang, Qiang, McGuire, Michael A., Cakmak, Ercan, Hermann, Raphaël P. (2023) Structure and Anharmonicity of α- and β-Sb2O3 at Low Temperature. Crystals, 13 (5). 752 doi:10.3390/cryst13050752

Localities for SenarmontiteHide

Showing 228 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Algeria
ⓘ Constantine Province
Djanet Province Djanet District Djilouet granite suite ⓘ Koudiat Guelaat Bou Diar deposit	Larit et al. (2025)
Oum el Bouaghi Province Ain Babouche District Aïn Babouche ⓘ Djebel Hammimat Mine (TL)	de Senarmont (1851) +1 other reference
ⓘ Djebel Senza	Bernard et al. (2004)

Australia
New South Wales Kennedy Co. Condobolin district Mineral Hill field ⓘ Pearse North Open Cut	Adam McKinnon pers comm
Raleigh Co. Taylors Arm District Point Lookout Trig Station ⓘ Point Lookout Mine (Hobart and Pearsons; The Big Lode)	Gilligan et al. (1992)
ⓘ The Mouse Mine	Gilligan et al. (1992)
Sandon Co. Hillgrove ⓘ Bayley Park prospect	Gilligan et al. (1992)
ⓘ Eleanora Mine (Hillgrove Mine)	www.mindat.org (2015)
Metz ⓘ Tarveinens Folly (Tarveinens)	Gilligan et al. (1992)
Victoria City of Greater Bendigo ⓘ Costerfield	Ryan Eagle personal observation 2016
Loddon Shire Inglewood ⓘ Antimony occurrence	Birch (2015)
Yarra Ranges Shire ⓘ Steels Creek	I.M. Threadgold (1958)
Western Australia City of Karratha Mallina Station ⓘ Mallina Gold Mine	Simpson (1948)
ⓘ Peawah gold prospect	Simpson (1952)
Exmouth Shire ⓘ Rapid shipwreck	MacLeod (1991)

Austria
Burgenland Oberwart District Stadtschlaining ⓘ Antimony mine	Huber et al. (1977) +1 other reference
ⓘ Kurt mining district	C.Auer (2016)
Carinthia Sankt Veit an der Glan District Hüttenberg Mosinzgraben Schottenau ⓘ Schottenauergraben ?	Paar et al. (1980)
Spittal an der Drau District Kleblach-Lind Leßnig ⓘ Sb deposit	Niedermayr et al. (1995)
ⓘ Slag localities	Pichler (2009)
Siflitz ⓘ Guggenbichl (Guginock)	Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Völkermarkt District Völkermarkt Trixen ⓘ Terpetzen	Groß (1983)
ⓘ Modre quarry	Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Tyrol Lienz District Abfaltersbach ⓘ Hugo I	Auer (2023)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Republika Srpska Srebrenica ⓘ Čumavići deposit	Radosavljević et al. (2016)

Cambodia


Canada
New Brunswick York Co. Prince William Parish Lake George ⓘ Lake George Antimony mine (Consolidated Durham mines; Resources Ltd. mine; Prince William mine; Brunswick mine)	Kaiman +3 other references
Ontario Kenora District Dome Township ⓘ Cochenour-Willans Mine (Wilanour)	Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +1 other reference
Québec Centre-du-Québec Arthabaska RCM Saints-Martyrs-Canadiens ⓘ Lac Nicolet Antimony mine	Normand et al. (1996) +3 other references
Yukon Mayo mining district ⓘ Galena Hill	Sabina (1992) +1 other reference
ⓘ Keno Hill	Sabina (1992) +1 other reference
Whitehorse mining district Wheaton River District Carbon Hill ⓘ Porter Claim	Peatfield (n.d.)

Chile
Antofagasta Antofagasta Province Taltal Guanaco Mine ⓘ Abundancia Mine	Ondruš et al. (2006)

China
Guangxi Baise Longlin Co. ⓘ Maxiong Sb-Au deposit (Maxuong Sb-Au deposit)	Chunlin Yang (1993)
Nanning Shanglin County Dafeng ⓘ Kermesite occurrence	Ottens (2006) +1 other reference
Guizhou Qianxinan Qinglong County Dachang Sb ore field ⓘ Qinglong Mine (Dachang Mine)	Yong Xia et al. (1993)
Hunan Huaihua Yuanling Co. ⓘ Woxi Mines (Wuxi Mines; Xiangxi Mines; Xianxi Mines)	Xuexiang Gu et al. (2003) +1 other reference
Loudi Lengshuijiang Co. ⓘ Xikuangshan Sb deposit (Xikuangshan antimony deposit)	Ottens (2007)
Tibet Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture) Cona Co. (Cuona Co.) Zhaxikang ore district ⓘ Zhaxikang Pb-Zn-Ag-Sb deposit (Zaxikang Pb-Zn-Ag-Sb deposit)	Jianfang Zhang et al. (2010) +2 other references

Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Kutná Hora District Kutná Hora ⓘ Poličany
ⓘ Vlastějovice	Pauliš
Příbram District Lhota u Příbramě ⓘ Lhota Smelter (Lotha Smelter) slag locality	Habermann (1995) +1 other reference
Olomouc Region Šumperk District Staré Město Hynčice pod Sušinou ⓘ Hynčice pod Sušinou mines	Fojt +8 other references

Ecuador
Zamora-Chinchipe Province Yantzaza Canton ⓘ Fruta del Norte Au-Ag deposit	an NI 43-101 Technical Report prepared ... +1 other reference

Finland
Pirkanmaa Orivesi Eräjärvi area ⓘ Viitaniemi pegmatite	Sandström et al. (2009)
South Ostrobothnia Seinäjoki ⓘ Kalliosalo	Geological Survey of Finland website
ⓘ Routakallio Quarry (Satamo Quarry)	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2013)

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Allier Moulins Bresnay ⓘ Montmalard	J.-J. Périchaud: Les Minéraux d'Auvergne et al. (1985)
Vichy ⓘ Nades	Blondieau et al. (2024)
ⓘ Nades mines	Blondieau et al. (2024)
Cantal Saint-Flour Massiac ⓘ Ouche mines	Michel Bretheau' collection +1 other reference
Haute-Loire Brioude Lubilhac ⓘ Dahu Mine (Daü Mine; Dahut Mine)	Boisson et al. (2017)
ⓘ Le Fraisse vein	Queneau (n.d.)
ⓘ Les Anglais vein (La Minayre vein; Suc de l'Eglise)	C. Vialaron : La mine d'antimoine de Daü et al. (1999)
Mercœur ⓘ La Bessade Mine	Queneau (n.d.)
Isère Grenoble Allemond ⓘ Les Chalanches Mine	Bernardini et al. (1982-1983)
Puy-de-Dôme Issoire Anzat-le-Luguet ⓘ La Forge Mine	Chollet Pascal Collection
Brittany Finistère Morlaix Plouvorn ⓘ Coat Crenn	Pierrot et al. (1973)
Quimper Ergué-Gabéric ⓘ Kerdévot	Chauris (2014)
Quimper ⓘ Ty Gardien	Pierre Le Roch photo & collection
Grand Est Bas-Rhin Sélestat-Erstein Lalaye Charbes ⓘ Charbes Sb Veins	Wittern et al. (1997)
Haut-Rhin Colmar-Ribeauvillé Stosswihr ⓘ Silberwald (Le Sattel)	Fluck et al. (1992, December)
New Caledonia Northern Province Canala ⓘ Nakéty Sb Mine	Cassian (?)
Nouvelle-Aquitaine Charente Confolens Etagnac ⓘ Lussac	Une ancienne mine d'Antimoine dans le Limousin aurifère ( Georges Hyvert )
Creuse Aubusson Mérinchal ⓘ La Peyrouse mine	Thiery et al. (2020)
Occitanie Pyrénées-Orientales Céret Oms ⓘ Mas de la Guardia (Cortal Mallola)	Pigetvieux (1981)
Tarn Castres Montredon-Labessonnié Peyrebrune ⓘ Le Rivet Quarry	Bernadi (2004)
Pays de la Loire Vendée Fontenay-le-Comte Le Boupère ⓘ La Ramée mine

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald Bollschweil St Ulrich ⓘ Goldengründle	Walenta (1992)
ⓘ Gründenwald	Walenta (1992)
Sulzburg ⓘ Schweizergrund (Antimony mine)	Walenta (1998)
Ortenaukreis Haslach im Kinzigtal Steinach ⓘ Artenberg quarry	Walenta (1989) +1 other reference
Bavaria Upper Franconia Bayreuth District ⓘ Brandholz-Goldkronach mining district	Weiß (1990)
Goldkronach ⓘ Silberne Rose Mine	Meier (1995)
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Hochsauerlandkreis Arnsberg Uentrop ⓘ Caspari Mine	Schnorrer-Köhler (1989)
Siegen-Wittgenstein Kreuztal Ferndorf ⓘ Wildermann Mine	54 (in German) +2 other references
Rhineland-Palatinate Ahrweiler Altenahr Lind ⓘ Saarsegen Mine	Volker Reppke Collection
Altenkirchen Daaden-Herdorf Schutzbach ⓘ Grüneau Mine (Grüne Au Mine; Grünau Mine)	Schnorrer et al. (1997)
Donnersbergkreis Nordpfälzer Land Obermoschel Landsberg ⓘ Carolina Mine	Heidtke (2001)
Neuwied Puderbach Raubach ⓘ Apollo Mine	Schnorrer (1993)
Saxony-Anhalt Mansfeld-Südharz Sangerhausen Wolfsberg ⓘ Graf Jost-Christian Mine	Wittern (2001)
Südharz ⓘ Dietersdorf	Gröbner et al. (2011)
ⓘ Schächte Mine	Gröbner et al. (2011)
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis Marienberg Lauta ⓘ Vater Abraham Mine	Wittern (2001)
Mittelsachsen ⓘ Freiberg	Wittern (2001)
Vogtlandkreis Limbach ⓘ Reimersgrün Quarry	Tröger (2012)
Thuringia Greiz District Greiz Neumühle/Elster ⓘ Kuhberg Quarry	43-47 +2 other references

Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Plaka Plaka Mines ⓘ Plaka Mine No. 80	Rieck et al. (1999)

Greenland
Kujalleq ⓘ Ilímaussaq complex	Petersen (2001)
Kangerluarsuk Fjord ⓘ Skinnerite occurrence	Karup-Møller et al. (1974) +1 other reference

Hungary
Heves County Gyöngyös District Gyöngyössolymos ⓘ Asztag kő
ⓘ Üstökfő	MAMIT
Mátraszentimre ⓘ Teréz Hill	Acta Min. Petr.: SbO minerals of Hungary
ⓘ Prospect hole No. 38

Italy
Campania Metropolitan City of Naples ⓘ Vesuvius fumaroles ?	Russo et al. (2004)
Lombardy Lecco Province Vendrogno ⓘ Camaggiore	dbami.amiminerals.it (n.d.)
Sondrio Province Sondalo ⓘ Alpe Stabiello mine	Bedognè et al. (2006)
Valfurva ⓘ Sobretta Mountain	- (n.d.)
Sardinia South Sardinia Province Arbus ⓘ Nieddoris Mine	Lovisato (1894) +1 other reference
Ballao ⓘ Corti Rosas Mine	Del Caldo et al. (1973) +1 other reference
Gonnosfanadiga ⓘ Riu Mesu Prospect (Riu 'e Mesu Prospect)	Stara et al. (1996)
Guspini ⓘ Montevecchio Mines	- (n.d.)
San Vito ⓘ Su Leonargiu Mine	Pelloux (1913)
Villasalto ⓘ Su Suergiu Mine	Pelloux (1913) +1 other reference
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol Trento Province Sant'Orsola Terme Mala ⓘ Maso Rementil	Bortolozzi (n.d.)
Tuscany Grosseto Province Civitella Paganico Casale di Pari ⓘ La Selva Mine	Brizzi et al. (1990)
ⓘ Poggio Peloso	Brizzi G. (1985) +1 other reference
Manciano ⓘ Montauto mine	Gianfranco Ciccolini Collection
San Martino sul Fiora ⓘ San Martino sul Fiora mine	Meli (2000)
ⓘ Tafone mine (Valle del Tafone mining area)
Massa Marittima Montoccoli-Castellaccia area (Fosso Zanca-Filone di Montoccoli area; Zanca Valley mines) ⓘ Fosso Castagnolo (Antimonite Prospect)	Bazzoni C. et al. (2011) +1 other reference
Scansano ⓘ Pereta Mine	Sitta et al. (1981)
Semproniano Catabbio ⓘ Fosso "La Fuliggine" ?	Innocenti F. et al. (Semproniano, Grosseto)
Livorno Province Livorno ⓘ ~~Calafuria~~	Bonifazi (2020)
ⓘ Marciana Marina	- (n.d.)
Lucca Province Stazzema ⓘ Bottino Mine	Benvenuti M. et al. (1992/93)
Pontestazzemese ⓘ Buca della Vena Mine	Orlandi et al. (2004)
Sant'Anna di Stazzema ⓘ Monte Arsiccio Mine	Biagioni et al. (2017)
Pisa Province Pomarance ⓘ Micciano	Bardi et al. (2009)
Siena Province Chiusdino ⓘ Le Cetine di Cotorniano mine	Sabelli et al. (1984) +2 other references

Japan
Kagoshima Prefecture Hioki City Fukiage ⓘ Hinomoto mine (Fukiage mine)	- (n.d.)
Miyazaki Prefecture Koyu district Nishimera-son ⓘ Amatsutsumi mine (Amatsutsumiyama)	Yamada (2004)

Kyrgyzstan
Batken Region Kadamjay District Aydarken ⓘ Khaidarkan Sb-Hg deposit	Kolesar et al. (1993)
ⓘ Chauvai (Chauvay) Sb-Hg Deposit	Kolesar et al. (1993)
Kadamzhay ore field ⓘ Kadamzhay Mine	Evseev (1995)

Luxembourg
Canton Wiltz Goesdorf ⓘ Goesdorf antimony mine	Bakker et al. (2010) +5 other references

Malaysia
Sarawak Kuching Division Bau ⓘ Sarabau Mine	Amer.Min. (1978) +3 other references

Mexico
Oaxaca San Juan Mixtepec-Juxtlahuaca Municipality Tejocotes ⓘ Yucunani Mine	Panczner (1987)
Queretaro Tolimán Municipality Soyatal ⓘ Santa María de Miera Mine	Panczner (1987)

Namibia
Oshikoto Region Tsumeb ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine)	Desor (03/21)

New Zealand
Marlborough Region Marlborough Sounds ⓘ Endeavour Inlet Mine	Wilson et al. (2004)
Northland Region Far North District Waikare ⓘ Lanigans Mine	2004
Whangarei District ⓘ Puhipuhi	J. Thornton Puhipuhi area in Essence of Microscope (NZ)
Otago Region Central Otago District Cromwell Bannockburn ⓘ Buchan's Lode	Ashley et al. (1995)

North Macedonia
Kavadarci Municipality Ržanovo ⓘ Allchar	Boev et al. (1993)
Kriva Palanka Municipality ⓘ Krstov Dol (Kristov Dol)	Mudrinic et al. (1997)
Lipkovo Municipality ⓘ Lojane	Đorđević et al. (2017) +1 other reference

Norway
Troms og Finnmark Karlsøy ⓘ Hårskoltan	- (n.d.)

Portugal
Faro Alcoutim Alcoutim e Pereiro ⓘ Cortes Pereira Mine	Pedro Alves analytical data
Porto Gondomar Medas ⓘ Ribeiro da Serra Mine
Melres ⓘ Alto do Sobrido Mine

Romania
Maramureș County Baia Mare ⓘ Herja Mine	Szakáll: Minerals of Carpathian Reg.
Baia Sprie ⓘ Baia Sprie mine	collected: Gábor Koller
ⓘ Cavnic	Gábor Koller collection (EDS-analysed by Sándor Szakáll and Béla Fehér)

Russia
Kamchatka Krai Koryak Okrug Karaginsky District ⓘ Maletoyvayam ore field	Sidorov +6 other references
ⓘ Gaching occurrence	Tolstykh et al. (2019)
Krasnoyarsk Krai Enisei Range (Yenisei Ridge; Enisei Ridge) ⓘ Olimpiada Mine	Silyanov et al. (2021)
Primorsky Krai Dalnegorsk Urban District ⓘ Dalnegorsk	Grant et al. (2001)
Zabaykalsky Krai Nerchinsky District Adun-Cholon Range ⓘ Sherlova Gora	Kasatkin et al. (2014)

Serbia
ⓘ Boranja orefield	Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2013)
Krupanj ⓘ Rujevac Sb-Zn-Pb Deposit	Radosavljević +4 other references
ⓘ Zajača Mine (Zajača-Loznica Mine) ?	Jasun McAvoy specimen
Central Serbia Moravica District Ivanjica ⓘ Ajducko Brdo	Ministry of Mining and Energy (2002)

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Banská Bystrica District ⓘ Medzibrod	Koděra et al. (1986)
Brezno District Jasenie ⓘ Lomnistá	Koděra et al. (1986)
ⓘ Ráztocká hoľa Mountain	Koděra et al. (1986)
Revúca District Chyžné ⓘ Herichová	Bálintová T. (2006) +1 other reference
Žiar nad Hronom District Kremnica ⓘ Kremnica Au-Ag deposit	Ďuďa (1993)
Bratislava Region Malacky District Pernek ⓘ Krížnica deposit	Kenngott (1852) +2 other references
Pezinok District Pezinok ⓘ Kolársky vrch deposit	Uher et al. (2000)
ⓘ Trojárová adit	Chovan M. et al. (2002)
Košice Region Košice-okolie District ⓘ Poproč	Koděra et al. (1986)
ⓘ Anna-Agneška vein	Klimko et al. (2009)
ⓘ Zlatá Idka	Pauliš et al. (2002)
ⓘ Zlatá Idka Ag-Au-Sb deposit	Martin Števko-unpublished
Rožňava District ⓘ Betliar	Koděra et al. (1986)
Čučma ⓘ Sb deposit (Matej; Gabriela and Klement Mine)	Koděra et al. (1986)
Dobšiná ⓘ Hlboká dolka	Števko M. (2022)
Trebišov District ⓘ Byšta	Koděra
Prešov Region Prešov District Červenica ⓘ Dubník	Duda et al. (1992)
ⓘ Libanka	Koděra et al. (1986)
ⓘ Slávik adit	Koděra et al. (1986)
Zlatá Baňa ⓘ Zlatá Baňa deposit	Duda et. all.
ⓘ Antimony deposit	Koděra et al. (1986)
Žilina Region Liptovský Mikuláš District Dúbrava ⓘ Dúbrava Sb deposit	Michalenko (1967)
Partizánska Ľupča ⓘ Magurka Au-Sb deposit	Chovan et al. (1995)

South Africa
Gauteng City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality Pretoria ⓘ Willows Mine	Cairncross et al. (1995)
Limpopo Mopani District Municipality Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality Murchison Range Gravelotte Consolidated Murchison Mines ⓘ Alpha-Gravelotte Mine	Cairncross et al. (1995) +1 other reference

Spain
Andalusia Almería Cuevas del Almanzora Las Herrerías ⓘ Las Herrerías Mines	Navarro et al. (2009) +1 other reference
Pechina Baños de Alhamilla ⓘ Mina Casualidad	Rewitzer et al. (2020)
Málaga La Viñuela ⓘ Matilde Mine	Calvo Rebollar (2009)
Asturias Salas Carlés ⓘ Carlés Mine	Calvo Rebollar (2009)
Galicia Lugo Os Ancares Cervantes Riamonte (Riamonte de Abaixo) ⓘ Caracocha mine	Echevarría Rodríguez Manuel et al. (2025)

Sweden
Värmland County Filipstad Långban Ore District ⓘ Långban Mine	Holtstam et al. (1999) +1 other reference
Västerbotten County Skellefteå ⓘ Varuträsk	Sandström (2008)

Switzerland
Grisons Bernina Region Poschiavo ⓘ Le Prese	Bedognè et al. (2006)
Ticino Lugano ⓘ Aranno	Stalder et al. (1998)
ⓘ La Monda Mine	Schmutz et al. (1986)

Tajikistan
Sughd Gissar Range ⓘ Jijikrut (Dzhidzhikrut)	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)

Turkey
Kütahya Province Tavşanlı District ⓘ Gözeçukuru mine	Arik (2012)

UK
England Cornwall Pillaton ⓘ East Wheal Leigh	Golley et al. (1995)
St Endellion ⓘ Bounds Cliff	Golley et al. (1995)
ⓘ Poltreworgey Mine
ⓘ Treore Mine	Golley et al. (1995)
Trewetha ⓘ Bodannon Mine	Russell (1927) +1 other reference
St Kew ⓘ Trevinnick Mine	Kingsbury (1957)
St Minver Port Quin ⓘ Port Quin Mine	Golley et al. (1995)
Cumbria Allerdale Caldbeck Coombe Height ⓘ Wet Swine Gill	Fortey et al. (1984) +1 other reference
St. John's Castlerigg and Wythburn ⓘ Wanthwaite Mine	Day (1999)
ⓘ Caldbeck Fells Mining Region	Stanley et al. (1991)
Scotland East Ayrshire New Cumnock Hare Hill ⓘ Knipe Mine (Knipes Mine)

USA
California Inyo County Darwin Hills ⓘ Darwin Mining District	Stolburg (1984)
Ophir Mountain ⓘ Darwin Antimony Mine	Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference
Panamint Range (Panamint Mountains) Wildrose Mining District (Wild Rose Mining District) ⓘ Skidoo Mining Company property	Mining and Scientific Press (1915) +1 other reference
Wildrose Peak ⓘ Wild Rose Antimony deposits (Wild Rose Antimony Mine; Wildrose Antimony Mine; Wildrose Mine; Antimonium; Wild Rose Canyon Antimony deposits)	- (2005)
Kern County Antimony Peak ⓘ Antimony Peak deposit (San Emigdio Mine; San Emigdio-Antimony Peak; Antimony Peak Mine)	Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference
Erskine Creek Mining District Lake Isabella ⓘ Erskine Creek deposits	R.O. Meyer collection
ⓘ Tom Moore Mine	Eugene & Sharon Cisneros personal ...
Merced County Stayton Mining District (McLeod Mining District; Panoche Mining District) Antimony Peak ⓘ Stayton Mine (Stayton Quicksilver Mine; Pacific claim of Stayton group)	Cooper et al. (1989)
Napa County Knoxville Mining District Knoxville ⓘ McLaughlin Mine (Manhattan Mine)	Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference
San Benito County Stayton Mining District (McLeod Mining District; Panoche Mining District) Santa Ana Mountain ⓘ Yellow Jacket Mine	Cooper et al. (1989)
ⓘ Santa Clara County ?	Goldsmith (1873) +1 other reference
Nevada Churchill County Lake Mining District ⓘ Green prospect	Castor et al. (2004)
Elko County Bootstrap Mining District ⓘ Dee Mine (Boulder Creek Mine)	Castor et al. (2004)
Nye County Toquima Range Manhattan Mining District Manhattan ⓘ White Caps Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Pershing County Rye Patch Mining District ⓘ Oreana Tungsten mine (Little Tungsten mine)	Castor et al. (2004)
ⓘ North Carolina
ⓘ Burke County	Genth (1891)
Oregon Jackson County Applegate Mining District Kanaka Gulch Lowry Antimony Mine ⓘ Applegate Claim	K. Starnes
Kinney Creek ⓘ Jay Bird Antimony Mine	K. Starnes
South Dakota Pennington County Silver City Mining District ⓘ Tuttle mine (Iowa Imp Claim)	Roberts et al. (1965)
Utah Garfield County Escalante Mountains Coyote Creek Mining District (Antimony Mining District) ⓘ Hampton Mine	Bullock (1981)
Tooele County Lookout Pass Mining District Little Valley ⓘ Lookout Pass Thallium prospect	Thorne (n.d.)
Willow Springs Mining District ⓘ Congar Hill Mine	Bullock (1981)
Washington Ferry County Covada Mining District (Enterprise Mining District) ⓘ Silver Leaf Mine	Cannon (1975)
King County Miller River Mining District ⓘ Great Republic Mine	Cannon (1975)

Uzbekistan
Tashkent Chatkal-Kuraminskii Range ⓘ Ejei (Edzhei)	Sabir K. Mustafin data

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Senarmontite

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