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Mitridatite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About MitridatiteHide

05546810017271925285594.jpg
Mount Mithridat, Crimea, Ukraine

Kerch Peninsula, Crimea, Ukraine
Formula:
Ca2Fe3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Colour:
Greenish-yellow, olive green, brownish-green, etc.
Lustre:
Waxy, Greasy, Dull, Earthy
Hardness:
Specific Gravity:
3.25 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1914 by P. A. Dvoichenko after Mt. Mithridat in the historical part of the city of Kerch, Kerch peninsula, Ukraine.
The structure is presented by Moore & Araki (1977).


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2728
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2728:7

IMA Classification of MitridatiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Ca2Fe3+3O2(PO4)3(H2O)2·H2O

Classification of MitridatiteHide

8.DH.30

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
H : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 < 1:1
42.8.4.1

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
8 : (AB)5(XO4)3Zq·xH2O
19.14.17

19 : Phosphates
14 : Phosphates of Fe and other metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
MitIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
MitThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of MitridatiteHide

Waxy, Greasy, Dull, Earthy
Transparency:
Translucent
Comment:
Highest luster seen on rare crystals
Colour:
Greenish-yellow, olive green, brownish-green, etc.
Streak:
Pale green
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Very Good
{100} observed on crystals from Gap Lode Pegmatite, South Dakota
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.25 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of MitridatiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.785 nβ = 1.85 nγ = 1.85
2V:
Measured: 5° to 10°
Birefringence:
0.065
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.065
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
extreme
Comments:
X=greenish yellow Y, Z = deep greenish brown

Chemistry of MitridatiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Ca2Fe3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Element Weights:
Element% weight
O43.965 %
Fe27.081 %
P15.020 %
Ca12.957 %
H0.978 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
O
Fe
P
Ca
H

Crystallography of MitridatiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 17.53 Å, b = 19.35 Å, c = 11.25 Å
β = 95.92°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.906 : 1 : 0.581
Unit Cell V:
3,795.71 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
12
Morphology:
Massive, as nodules, crusts, and veinlets. Earthy and powdery or friable to dense and gum-like. Rare crystals are pseudohexagonal, usually platy and with rounded edges.
Twinning:
Similar to robertsite, multiple rotation (π/3) perpendicular to {100}
Comment:
A2/a non-standard setting

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0012683MitridatiteMoore P B, Araki T (1977) Mitridatite, Ca6(H2O)6[FeIII9O6(PO4)9]*3H2O. A noteworthy octahedral sheet structure Inorganic Chemistry 16 1096-11061977White Elephant pegmatite, Custer, South Dakota, USA0293
0014469MitridatiteMoore P B, Araki T (1977) Mitridatite - a remarkable octahedral sheet structure Loclaity: White Elephant pegmatite, Custer, South Dakota, USA Mineralogical Magazine 41 527-52819770293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
8.64 Å(100)
5.55 Å(60)
3.20 Å(40)
2.88 Å(40)
2.72 Å(70)
2.56 Å(40)
2.17 Å(40)
1.612 Å(40)
Comments:
26-1057

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Geological Setting:
Late stage mineralization in granite pegmatites.

Type Occurrence of MitridatiteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
Earthy and compact masses of material. Pseudomorphs after other phosphate minerals.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oolitic sedimentary iron ores.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of MitridatiteHide

Other Language Names for MitridatiteHide

Relationship of Mitridatite to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of Mitridatite Group:
ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
GeorgeliuiteCa2Mn3+3O2(AsO4)3(H2O)2 · H2OMon. m : Bm
KolfaniteCa2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3 · 2H2OMon.
RobertsiteCa2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. m : Bb
Forms a series with:

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
45 photos of Mitridatite associated with Rockbridgeite(Fe2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5
37 photos of Mitridatite associated with SideriteFeCO3
25 photos of Mitridatite associated with MesseliteCa2Fe2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O
24 photos of Mitridatite associated with StrengiteFePO4 · 2H2O
18 photos of Mitridatite associated with HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
18 photos of Mitridatite associated with MontgomeryiteCa4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O
17 photos of Mitridatite associated with StewartiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
17 photos of Mitridatite associated with QuartzSiO2
16 photos of Mitridatite associated with Jahnsite-(CaMnFe){Ca}{Mn2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O
15 photos of Mitridatite associated with WhitmoreiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

8.DH.Thebaite-(NH4)(NH4)3Al(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.Whiteite-(MnMnMn)Mn2+Mn2+Mn2+2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.Ammoniotinsleyite(NH4)Al2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
8.DH.Bergbauerite(H2O)2Mn2(Fe2Ti)(PO4)4(OH)2(H2O)10 · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.Dendoraite-(NH4)(NH4)2NaAl(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)2Mon. 2/m
8.DH.Rowleyite[Na(NH4,K)9Cl4][V5+,4+2(P,As)O8]6 · n[H2O,Na,NH4,K,Cl]Iso.
8.DH.HochleitneriteMn2Ti3(PO4)4O2(H2O)2 · 14H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.Whiteite-(CaMnFe)CaMnFe2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
8.DH.05MinyuliteKAl2(PO4)2F · 4H2OOrth. mm2 : Pba2
8.DH.10LeucophosphiteKFe3+2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.10TinsleyiteKAl2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OMon.
8.DH.10Spheniscidite(NH4,K)(Fe3+,Al)2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OMon. 2/m
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaMnFe){Ca}{Mn2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(NaMnMn){Na}{Mn2+}{(Mn2+,Fe3+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaMnMg){Ca}{Mn2+}{(Mg,Fe2+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaMnMn){Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Whiteite-(MnMnMg)MnMnMg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaMnZn){Ca}{Mn2+}{Zn2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(MnMnMg){Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(MnMnFe){Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15'Jahnsite-(CaFeFe)'{Ca}{Fe2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon.
8.DH.15Rittmannite{(Mn2+,Ca)}{Mn2+}{(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2}{(Al,Fe3+)2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15KeckiteCaMn2+(Fe3+Mn2+)Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)3 · 7H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(NaMnMg){(Na,Ca)}{(Mn2+,Fe3+)}{(Mg,Fe3+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15'Jahnsite-(CaMgMg)'{Ca}{Mg}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(MnMnZn){Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Zn2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Whiteite-(CaMgMg)CaMg3Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Whiteite-(CaFeMg){Ca}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.15Whiteite-(CaMnMg){Ca}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
8.DH.15Whiteite-(MnFeMg){(Mn2+,Ca)}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(MnMnMn){Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.15'Kaluginite'(Mn2+,Ca)MgFe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2OOrth.
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaFeMg){Ca}{Fe2+}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Whiteite-(CaMnMn){Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(NaFeMg){Na}{Fe3+}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.20SegeleriteCa2 Mg2 Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pcca
8.DH.20Lun'okite(Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO4)2OH · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.20Manganosegelerite(Mn2+,Ca)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.20WilhelmvierlingiteCaMnFe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.20JuonniiteCaMgSc(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.20OveriteCaMgAl(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.25CalcioferriteCa4MgFe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DH.25ZodaciteCa4Mn2+Fe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OMon.
8.DH.25FanfaniiteCa4Mn2+Al4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DH.25KingsmountiteCa3Mn2+FeAl4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DH.25MontgomeryiteCa4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OMon. 2 : B2
8.DH.30PararobertsiteCa2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.30RobertsiteCa2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. m : Bb
8.DH.30ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DH.30Sailaufite(Ca,Na,◻)2Mn3+3(AsO4)2(CO3)O2 · 3H2OMon. m : Bm
8.DH.30KolfaniteCa2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3 · 2H2OMon.
8.DH.35MantienneiteKMg2Al2Ti(PO4)4(OH)3 · 15H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.35Sperlingite (H2O)K(Mn2+Fe3+)(Al2Ti)(PO4)4[O(OH)] [(H2O)9(OH)] · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.35PaulkerriteK(Mg,Mn2+)2(Fe3+,Al,Ti,Mg)2Ti(PO4)4(OH)3 · 15H2OMon. m
8.DH.35Hydroxylbenyacarite(H2O)2Mn2(Ti2Fe)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10 · 4H2O Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.35MacraeiteK(H2O)Mn2(Fe2Ti)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.35Benyacarite(H2O)2Mn2Ti2Fe3+(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10 · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.35Fluormacraeite [(H2O)K]Mn2(Fe2Ti)(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.40XanthoxeniteCa4Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 3H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DH.45MahnertiteNaCu3(AsO4)2Cl · 5H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
8.DH.50AndyrobertsiteKCdCu5(AsO4)4(H2AsO4) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
8.DH.50CalcioandyrobertsiteKCaCu5(AsO4)4(H2AsO4) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
8.DH.55EnglishiteK3Na2Ca10Al15(PO4)21(OH)7 · 26H2OMon. 2/m
8.DH.60BouazzeriteBi6(Mg,Co)11Fe3+14(AsO4)18(OH)4O12 · 86H2OMon. 2/m
8.DH.65GalliskiiteCa4Al2(PO4)2F8 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DH.70JoteiteCa2CuAl(AsO4)[AsO3(OH)]2(OH)2 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DH.75KampeliteBa6Mg3Sc8(PO4)12(OH)6 · 7H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
8.DH.80KapundaiteNaCaFe4(PO4)4(OH)3 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DH.85VaniniiteCa2Mn2+3Mn3+2O2(AsO4)4 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b

Fluorescence of MitridatiteHide

Not fluorescent in UV

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Soluble in hot acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for MitridatiteHide

References for MitridatiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for MitridatiteHide

Showing 173 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina
 
  • Córdoba Province
Colombo et al. (2012)
      • Parroquia District
Colombo et al. (2012)
  • Salta Province
    • La Poma Department
GALLISKI (1983) +1 other reference
  • San Luis Province
    • Coronel Pringles Department
      • El Trapiche
        • La Florida
Galliski et al. (1998) +1 other reference
      • Totoral pegmatitic field
Hatert et al. (2012)
    • San Martín Department
      • San Martín
        • Las Cuevas pegmatite
Miguel Ángel María Florencia Márquez-Zavalía (eds.)
Australia
 
  • South Australia
    • Barossa Council
      • Penrice
Peter Elliott
    • District Council of Mount Remarkable
      • Wilmington
Mineralogical Magazine 63 +2 other references
    • Light Regional Council
      • Koonunga
Peter Elliott
    • Northern Areas Council
      • Gladstone
John Toma
    • Pastoral Unincorporated Area
      • Bimbowrie Conservation Park
        • Old Boolcoomata Station
          • White Rock Feldspar Mine
Elliott (2022) +1 other reference
      • Boolcoomatta Reserve (Boolcoomata Station)
      • Iron Knob
Sorrell (n.d.)
  • Western Australia
    • Meekatharra Shire
      • Milgun Station
Bridge et al. (1974) +1 other reference
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Hainaut
      • Bernissart
        • Blaton
Van Tassel R. (1982) +6 other references
Brazil
 
  • Minas Gerais
    • Conselheiro Pena
      • Barra do Cuieté
sergio varvello
Baijot et al. (2014) +1 other reference
King (n.d.)
      • Ferruginha
Sergio Varvello collection
    • Galiléia
      • Sapucaia do Norte
Cassedanne et al. (1999)
  • Paraíba
    • Pedra Lavrada
Sergio Varvello collection
    • Picuí
Cassedanne et al. (1991)
Sergio Varvello collection
  • Rio Grande do Norte
    • Parelhas
Amores et al. (2014) +1 other reference
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Omineca Mining Division
      • Granisle
Carson et al. (1976)
  • Yukon
    • Dawson mining district
Fabre (n.d.)
Chile
 
  • Antofagasta
    • Antofagasta Province
      • Mejillones
        • Mejillones peninsula
XRD by Joachim Lorenz
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
    • Kutná Hora District
      • Vlkaneč
Povondra et al. (eds.) +1 other reference
  • Plzeň Region
    • Domažlice District
      • Otov
Č +4 other references
  • Vysočina Region
    • Jihlava District
      • Kamenice
        • Řehořov
Gramblička (n.d.)
    • Žďár nad Sázavou District
      • Bory
        • Horní Bory
          • Cyrilov (Cyrillhof)
ŠKODA R. +2 other references
DR Congo
 
  • South Kivu
    • Mwenga Territory
Wambeke (1971) +1 other reference
Ethiopia
 
  • Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region
    • Lower Omo Valley
Rogers et al. (1979)
Europe
 
Berbain et al. (2012)
Finland
 
  • Pirkanmaa
    • Orivesi
      • Eräjärvi area
Sandström et al. (2009)
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Allier
      • Vichy
        • Échassières
          • Montmins mining district
Aubert (1969)
  • Occitanie
    • Ariège
      • Foix
Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ...
    • Pyrénées-Orientales
      • Céret
        • Argelès-sur-Mer
Berbain et al. (2012)
        • Collioure
Berbain et al. (2012)
Germany
 
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Bavaria
      • Regen District
        • Zwiesel
          • Rabenstein
Weiß (1990) +2 other references
Obermüller et al. (1993)
    • Upper Palatinate
      • Cham District
        • Waldmünchen
          • Althütte
Fehr et al. (1985)
      • Neustadt an der Waldnaab District
        • Pleystein
Dill et al. (2012)
Dill et al. (2008) +1 other reference
        • Waidhaus
Dill et al. (2011)
web.archive.org (2001) +1 other reference
Wittern (2001) +1 other reference
      • Tirschenreuth District
        • Erbendorf
          • Grötschenreuth
Pöllmann et al. (2005)
  • Hesse
    • Giessen Region
      • Limburg-Weilburg
        • Weinbach
Blaß et al. (2010)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Neuwied
      • Unkel
        • Rheinbreitbach
Habel (2011)
  • Saxony
    • Görlitz District
      • Neißeaue
Witzke et al. (2013)
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Lophos
          • Agrileza mines
Vrtiška et al. (2025)
  • Thessaly
    • Larissa
      • Elassona
Stamatakis et al. (2001)
Italy
 
  • Liguria
    • Savona Province
      • Magliolo
Bracco et al. (2016)
  • Lombardy
    • Lecco Province
      • Colico
        • Piona Peninsula
Vignola et al. (2011) +1 other reference
  • Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
    • Trento Province
      • Rabbi
        • Ceresè
Bertoldi G. e Boscardin M. (1989) +1 other reference
Bortolozzi (n.d.)
Japan
 
  • Hyogo Prefecture
    • Kobe city
      • Nishi-ku
        • Ikawadani-cho
Ohe Rikosha specimens
Yamada (2004)
Ganko-Gakkai Koen-Yoshi (Abstracts of the Meetings of Japanese Association of Mineralogists...)
  • Ibaraki Prefecture
    • Kasumigaura City
      • Chiyoda-machi
Matsubara et al. (1980)
Madagascar
 
  • Amoron'i Mania
    • Ambatofinandrahana District
      • Mandrosonoro
Behier (1960)
  • Matsiatra Ambony
    • Ikalamavony District
      • Fitampito
Collection Musée National de la ...
Morocco
 
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Ouarzazate Province
      • Amerzgane Cercle
        • Ouisselsate Caïdat
ČECH et al. (1972)
  • Marrakesh-Safi Region
    • Rehamna Province
      • Sidi Bou Othmane Cercle
        • Jebilet Mountain (Djebilet Mountain)
          • Sidi Bou Othmane
Favreau (2012)
Namibia
 
  • Erongo Region
    • Dâures Constituency
von Bezing (2007)
Keller (1974)
    • Karibib Constituency
      • Okatjimukuju Farm 55 (Friedrichsfelde Farm)
Keller et al. (1989)
      • Tsaobismund Farm 85
von Bezing (2007)
  • ǁKaras Region
    • Karasburg East
von Bezing (2007)
von Bezing (2007)
Philippines
 
  • Negros Island Region
    • Negros Island
      • Negros Oriental Province
        • Bayawan City
          • San Roque
PXRD by John Attard
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Dzierżoniów County
      • Piława Górna
        • DSS Piława Górna Quarry
Pieczka et al. (2018)
    • Świdnica County
      • Gmina Świdnica
        • Michałkowa pegmatites
Pieczka et al. (2015) +1 other reference
    • Ząbkowice Śląskie County
      • Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie
        • Szklary
Pieczka (2007) +3 other references
Portugal
 
  • Faro
    • Alcoutim
      • Martim Longo
Alves (n.d.)
  • Guarda
    • Gouveia
      • Folgosinho
Alves (n.d.)
    • Sabugal
      • Bendada
Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1991)
Pedro Alves collection. Characterized ...
  • Porto
    • Felgueiras
      • Vila Cova da Lixa e Borba de Godim
        • Borba de Godim
          • Seixoso Mining Field
Alves (n.d.)
  • Viana do Castelo
    • Caminha
      • Arga de Baixo
Alves (n.d.)
  • Vila Real
    • Chaves
      • Vidago
Neiva et al. (2001)
  • Viseu
    • Mangualde
      • Mangualde (Mesquitela e Cunha Alta)
Gramaccioli (1981) +1 other reference
Pedro Alves collection (p-XRD and SEM EDS analysed samples) +1 other reference
Mineralien Atlas
      • Tavares (Chãs; Várzea e Travanca)
        • Corvaceira
Alves (n.d.)
    • Sátão
      • Ferreira de Aves
        • Aldeia Nova
Rui Nunes 2010
Romania
 
  • Bihor County
    • Bihor Mountains
      • Firei valley
Exel T. & Ottner F. (2015)
Russia
 
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Argayashsky District
      • Bol'shoi Tatkul' Lake
Pekov (1998)
  • Krasnodar Krai
    • Taman Peninsula
      • Anapa
Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
  • Moscow Oblast
    • Ruzsky District
Feklichev et al. (1998) +2 other references
Ivan Novikov analytical data +1 other reference
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Kovdorsky District
Ivanyuk et al. (2018)
Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 121 (2) +1 other reference
Pekov (1998)
Rwanda
 
  • Western Province
Wambeke (1971)
    • Ngororero District
      • Muhororo
von Knorring (1969) +2 other references
South Africa
 
  • North West
    • Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality
      • JB Marks Local Municipality
        • Ventersdorp
Martini et al. (1978)
Spain
 
  • Castile and Leon
    • Salamanca
      • Aldehuela de la Bóveda
Roda et al. (2001)
      • Garcirrey
Christian Rewitzer collection
      • Navasfrías
www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.)
    • Zamora
      • Villar del Buey
Roda-Robles et al. (1998)
  • Catalonia
    • Barcelona
      • Baix Llobregat
        • Gavà
          • Bruguers
Rosell-Riba et al. (2022)
      • Vallès Occidental
        • Montcada i Reixac
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data of ...
    • Girona
      • Alt Empordà
        • Cadaqués
Bareche (2005)
& locality references +1 other reference
    • Lleida
Mineralogistes de Catalunya (1997)
Rosell (2014)
  • Extremadura
    • Badajoz
      • Tres Arroyos
Garate-Olave et al. (2020)
  • Galicia
    • Pontevedra
      • Forcarei
Calvo Rebollar (2015)
      • Moaña
Vérez et al. (2024)
Sweden
 
  • Norrbotten County
    • Kiruna
      • Svappavaara
Jansson (2000) +1 other reference
Switzerland
 
  • Ticino
    • Locarno
Vignola et al. (2008)
Weiß (1989) +1 other reference
  • Vaud
    • Yverdon-les-Bains
Ansermet et al. (2025)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Treverbyn
        • Stenalees
Golley et al. (1995) +2 other references
  • Scotland
    • Highland
      • Caol and Mallaig
Livingstone (1980) +1 other reference
Ukraine
 
  • Crimea
Geologiya SSSR (The geology of USSR)
      • Kerch
Dvoichenko (1914)
      • Kerchenskyi iron ore basin
        • Kerchenskoe deposit
Palache et al. (1951) +2 other references
          • Katerlez Trough
Chukanov (2014)
Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference
USA
 
  • California
    • San Diego County
      • Jacumba
        • Tule Mountain (Mount Tule; Tulley Mountain)
Fisher (2002)
  • Connecticut
    • Fairfield County
      • Brookfield
Personal Collection
      • Redding
        • Branchville
Januzzi (1994)
    • Litchfield County
      • Harwinton
Observations of Januzzi material by ...
    • Middlesex County
      • East Hampton
        • Cobalt
Moritz (n.d.) +1 other reference
      • Portland
        • Collins Hill
          • Strickland pegmatite
Schooner (circa 1985)
  • Florida
    • Polk County
      • Central Florida Phosphate Mining District (Bone Valley)
        • Homeland
Marc V. Hurst (2012)
        • Noralyn/Phosphoria Mines (IMC-Agrico)
Marc V. Hurst (2012)
  • Maine
    • Androscoggin County
      • Auburn
        • East Mount Apatite Mining District
Mineralogy of Maine
      • Poland
King et al. (1994)
    • Cumberland County
      • Baldwin
        • West Baldwin
Thompson et al. (2000)
    • Oxford County
      • Greenwood
        • Uncle Tom Mountain
Falster et al. (2019) +1 other reference
      • Newry
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
      • Paris
King et al. (1991) +2 other references
      • Peru
Dionne et al. (2014)
      • Rumford
Tim Blake and Scott Soucey specimens
      • Stoneham
Thompson et al. (1998)
  • Nevada
    • Humboldt County
      • Osgood Mountains
        • Potosi Mining District
Newmont Mining Corporation
Min News (1999)
    • Lander County
      • Buffalo Valley Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Hampshire
    • Cheshire County
      • Alstead
King (n.d.)
      • Marlow
Kevin Czaja Collection
      • Walpole
Tom Mortimer collection
    • Grafton County
      • Groton
Kreinik (2022)
King (n.d.)
King (n.d.)
Moore (1965) +3 other references
Whitmore et al. (2004)
Rocks & Min. +2 other references
      • Orange
Thompson et al. (2022)
  • North Carolina
    • Cleveland County
      • Kings Mountain
Horton et al. (1981) +1 other reference
  • South Dakota
    • Custer County
      • Custer Mining District
        • Custer
Seaman (1976)
Smith et al. (2000)
Smith et al. (2000)
        • Fourmile
Campbell et al. (1985)
        • Pringle
          • Cicero Peak
Moore et al. (1976) +1 other reference
    • Pennington County
      • Hill City Mining District
Smith et al. (2000)
      • Keystone Mining District
        • Glendale
Campbell et al. (1985)
Smith et al. (2000)
        • Keystone
Rocks & Minerals: 67 (6)
Smith et al. (2000)
      • Unorganized mining district [5]
King (n.d.)
  • Utah
    • Box Elder County
      • Lucin
        • Utahlite Hill
Joe Marty et al. (1999)
 
and/or  
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