Whiteite-(CaMnMn)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Whiteite-(CaMnMn)
Formula:
{Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O
Colour:
Colourless to pale yellow
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
2.70
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named for the chemical composition, in accordance with whiteite group nomenclature. The suffix indicates sequentially the dominant cation in the X, M1, and M2 structural positions. The root name is for John Sampson White, Jr. (30 September 1933, Monessen, Pennsylvania, USA -), associate curator of minerals, Smithsonian institution; founder, editor, and publisher (1970-1982) of the Mineralogical Record.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
40435
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:40435:4
Similar Names
| Wadeite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | K2Zr(Si3O9) |
| Whiteit | A synonym of 'Whiteite' | |
| Whiteite | A synonym of Whiteite Subgroup | |
| Whiteite-(CaFeMg) | A valid IMA mineral species | {Ca}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Whiteite-(CaMgMg) | A valid IMA mineral species | CaMg3Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Whiteite-(CaMnFe) | A valid IMA mineral species | CaMnFe2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Whiteite-(CaMnMg) | A valid IMA mineral species | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Whiteite-(MnFeMg) | A valid IMA mineral species | {(Mn2+,Ca)}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Whiteite-(MnMnMg) | A valid IMA mineral species | MnMnMg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Whiteite-(MnMnMn) | A valid IMA mineral species | Mn2+Mn2+Mn22+Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Wittite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered - questionable | Pb9Bi12(S,Se)27 |
Classification of Whiteite-(CaMnMn)
IMA Classification of Whiteite-(CaMnMn)
Approved
IMA Formula:
CaMn2+Mn2+2Al2[PO4]4(OH)2·8H2O
Approval year:
2011
First published:
2012
8.DH.15
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
H : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 < 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
H : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 < 1:1
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Wt-CaMnMn | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Whiteite-(CaMnMn)
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless to pale yellow
Comment:
Color depending on Al–Fe3+ substitution
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {001}
on {001}
Fracture:
Step-Like
Density:
2.70 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.768 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Whiteite-(CaMnMn)
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.589(2) nβ = 1.592(2) nγ = 1.601(2)
2V:
Measured: 60° (10), Calculated: 60.3°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.012
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
Not observed
Optical Extinction:
X = b, Z ∧ a = 5º.
Chemistry of Whiteite-(CaMnMn)
Mindat Formula:
{Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Whiteite-(CaMnMn)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P2/b
Setting:
P2/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 15.02(2) Å, b = 6.95(1) Å, c = 10.13(3) Å
β = 111.6(1)°
β = 111.6(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.161 : 1 : 1.458
Unit Cell V:
983.3 ų
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals elongated on a and tabular on {010}. The crystals are either simply or polysynthetically twinned on {001}.
Twinning:
Polysynthetically twinned on {001}.
Comment:
from powder diffraction data
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0018316 | Whiteite-(CaMnMn) | Grey I E, Mumme W G, Neville S M, Wilson N C, Birch W D (2010) Jahnsite - whiteite solid solutions and associated minerals in the phosphate pegmatite at Hagendorf-Sud, Bavaria, Germany Mineralogical Magazine 74 969-978 | 2010 | Hagendorf-Sud, Bavaria, Germany | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 9.443 Å | (65) |
| 5.596 Å | (25) |
| 4.929 Å | (80) |
| 4.719 Å | (47) |
| 3.494 Å | (46) |
| 2.7958 Å | (100) |
Comments:
Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Bavaria, Germany. The data are from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Type Occurrence of Whiteite-(CaMnMn)
General Appearance of Type Material:
On the walls of voids within altered zwieselite crystals or form coronas (up to 1 mm in diameter) around cubic crystals of uraninite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mineralogical Museum, St. Petersburg State University, Russia, number 1/19470.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Granitic pegmatite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Whiteite-(CaMnMn)
Other Language Names for Whiteite-(CaMnMn)
Dutch:Whiteiet-(CaMnMn)
German:Whiteit-(CaMnMn)
Relationship of Whiteite-(CaMnMn) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Whiteite Subgroup:
| Rittmannite | {(Mn2+,Ca)}{Mn2+}{(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2}{(Al,Fe3+)2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| Whiteite-(CaFeMg) | {Ca}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Whiteite-(CaMgMg) | CaMg3Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| Whiteite-(CaMnFe) | CaMnFe2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| Whiteite-(CaMnMg) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| Whiteite-(MnFeMg) | {(Mn2+,Ca)}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Whiteite-(MnMnMg) | MnMnMg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| Whiteite-(MnMnMn) | Mn2+Mn2+Mn2+2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 1 photo of Whiteite-(CaMnMn) associated with Kingsmountite | Ca3Mn2+FeAl4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O |
| 1 photo of Whiteite-(CaMnMn) associated with Jasonsmithite | Mn2+4ZnAl(PO4)4(OH)(H2O)7 · 3.5H2O |
| 1 photo of Whiteite-(CaMnMn) associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.DH. | Thebaite-(NH4) | (NH4)3Al(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O) |
| 8.DH. | Whiteite-(MnMnMn) | Mn2+Mn2+Mn2+2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH. | Ammoniotinsleyite | (NH4)Al2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| 8.DH. | Bergbauerite | (H2O)2Mn2(Fe2Ti)(PO4)4(OH)2(H2O)10 · 4H2O |
| 8.DH. | Dendoraite-(NH4) | (NH4)2NaAl(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)2 |
| 8.DH. | Rowleyite | [Na(NH4,K)9Cl4][V5+,4+2(P,As)O8]6 · n[H2O,Na,NH4,K,Cl] |
| 8.DH. | Hochleitnerite | Mn2Ti3(PO4)4O2(H2O)2 · 14H2O |
| 8.DH. | Whiteite-(CaMnFe) | CaMnFe2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.05 | Minyulite | KAl2(PO4)2F · 4H2O |
| 8.DH.10 | Leucophosphite | KFe3+2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| 8.DH.10 | Tinsleyite | KAl2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| 8.DH.10 | Spheniscidite | (NH4,K)(Fe3+,Al)2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(CaMnFe) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(NaMnMn) | {Na}{Mn2+}{(Mn2+,Fe3+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(CaMnMg) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{(Mg,Fe2+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(CaMnMn) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Whiteite-(MnMnMg) | MnMnMg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(CaMnZn) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Zn2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(MnMnMg) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(MnMnFe) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | 'Jahnsite-(CaFeFe)' | {Ca}{Fe2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Rittmannite | {(Mn2+,Ca)}{Mn2+}{(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2}{(Al,Fe3+)2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Keckite | CaMn2+(Fe3+Mn2+)Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)3 · 7H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(NaMnMg) | {(Na,Ca)}{(Mn2+,Fe3+)}{(Mg,Fe3+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | 'Jahnsite-(CaMgMg)' | {Ca}{Mg}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(MnMnZn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Zn2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Whiteite-(CaMgMg) | CaMg3Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Whiteite-(CaFeMg) | {Ca}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Whiteite-(CaMnMg) | {Ca}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Whiteite-(MnFeMg) | {(Mn2+,Ca)}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | 'Kaluginite' | (Mn2+,Ca)MgFe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(CaFeMg) | {Ca}{Fe2+}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.15 | Jahnsite-(NaFeMg) | {Na}{Fe3+}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.20 | Segelerite | Ca2 Mg2 Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DH.20 | Lun'okite | (Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO4)2OH · 4H2O |
| 8.DH.20 | Manganosegelerite | (Mn2+,Ca)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2O |
| 8.DH.20 | Wilhelmvierlingite | CaMnFe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| 8.DH.20 | Juonniite | CaMgSc(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2O |
| 8.DH.20 | Overite | CaMgAl(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2O |
| 8.DH.25 | Calcioferrite | Ca4MgFe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O |
| 8.DH.25 | Zodacite | Ca4Mn2+Fe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O |
| 8.DH.25 | Fanfaniite | Ca4Mn2+Al4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O |
| 8.DH.25 | Kingsmountite | Ca3Mn2+FeAl4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O |
| 8.DH.25 | Montgomeryite | Ca4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O |
| 8.DH.30 | Pararobertsite | Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| 8.DH.30 | Robertsite | Ca2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| 8.DH.30 | Arseniosiderite | Ca2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| 8.DH.30 | Sailaufite | (Ca,Na,◻)2Mn3+3(AsO4)2(CO3)O2 · 3H2O |
| 8.DH.30 | Mitridatite | Ca2Fe3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| 8.DH.30 | Kolfanite | Ca2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3 · 2H2O |
| 8.DH.35 | Mantienneite | KMg2Al2Ti(PO4)4(OH)3 · 15H2O |
| 8.DH.35 | Sperlingite | (H2O)K(Mn2+Fe3+)(Al2Ti)(PO4)4[O(OH)] [(H2O)9(OH)] · 4H2O |
| 8.DH.35 | Paulkerrite | K(Mg,Mn2+)2(Fe3+,Al,Ti,Mg)2Ti(PO4)4(OH)3 · 15H2O |
| 8.DH.35 | Hydroxylbenyacarite | (H2O)2Mn2(Ti2Fe)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10 · 4H2O |
| 8.DH.35 | Macraeite | K(H2O)Mn2(Fe2Ti)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10 · 4H2O |
| 8.DH.35 | Benyacarite | (H2O)2Mn2Ti2Fe3+(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10 · 4H2O |
| 8.DH.35 | Fluormacraeite | [(H2O)K]Mn2(Fe2Ti)(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10 · 4H2O |
| 8.DH.40 | Xanthoxenite | Ca4Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| 8.DH.45 | Mahnertite | NaCu3(AsO4)2Cl · 5H2O |
| 8.DH.50 | Andyrobertsite | KCdCu5(AsO4)4(H2AsO4) · 2H2O |
| 8.DH.50 | Calcioandyrobertsite | KCaCu5(AsO4)4(H2AsO4) · 2H2O |
| 8.DH.55 | Englishite | K3Na2Ca10Al15(PO4)21(OH)7 · 26H2O |
| 8.DH.60 | Bouazzerite | Bi6(Mg,Co)11Fe3+14(AsO4)18(OH)4O12 · 86H2O |
| 8.DH.65 | Galliskiite | Ca4Al2(PO4)2F8 · 5H2O |
| 8.DH.70 | Joteite | Ca2CuAl(AsO4)[AsO3(OH)]2(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 8.DH.75 | Kampelite | Ba6Mg3Sc8(PO4)12(OH)6 · 7H2O |
| 8.DH.80 | Kapundaite | NaCaFe4(PO4)4(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.DH.85 | Vaniniite | Ca2Mn2+3Mn3+2O2(AsO4)4 · 2H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Easily soluble in 10% HCl at room temperature.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Whiteite-(CaMnMn)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-40435.html
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References for Whiteite-(CaMnMn)
Reference List:
Grey, I. E., Mumme, W. G., Neville, S. M., Wilson, N. C., Birch, W. D. (2010) Jahnsite-whiteite solid solutions and associated minerals in the phosphate pegmatite at Hagendorf-Süd, Bavaria, Germany. Mineralogical Magazine, 74 (6) 969-978 doi:10.1180/minmag.2010.074.6.969
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2011) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2011. CNMNC Newsletter No 9. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (4) 2535-2540 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.4.2535
Yakovenchuk, V. N., Keck, E., Krivovichev, S. V., Pakhomovsky, Y. A., Selivanova, E. A., Mikhailova, J. A., Chernyatieva, A. P., Yu. Ivanyuk, G. (2012) Whiteite-(CaMnMn), CaMnMn2Al2[PO4]4(OH)2·8H2O, a new mineral from the Hagendorf-Süd granitic pegmatite, Germany. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (7) 2761-2771 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.7.09
Localities for Whiteite-(CaMnMn)
Showing 3 localities.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Germany (TL) | |
| Williams et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
Morocco | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
USA | |
| A. Kampf 2-2018 |
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The
Foote Lithium Co. Mine, Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, North Carolina, USA