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Leucophosphite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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01265330017271924608100.jpg
Leucophosphite, etc.

Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Neustadt an der Waldnaab District, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany
01832630017271924663560.jpg
Leucophosphite, etc.

Ste Barbe vein, Montmins mining district, Échassières, Vichy, Allier, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
07956130017756050905381.jpg
Leucophosphite

Tip Top Mine, Fourmile, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA
07119960017866506834989.jpg
Leucophosphite, etc.

Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Neustadt an der Waldnaab District, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany
01832630017271924663560.jpg
Leucophosphite, etc.

Ste Barbe vein, Montmins mining district, Échassières, Vichy, Allier, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
02363110017366584789524.jpg
Leucophosphite

Tip Top Mine, Fourmile, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA
01265330017271924608100.jpg
Leucophosphite, etc.

Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Neustadt an der Waldnaab District, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany
01832630017271924663560.jpg
Leucophosphite, etc.

Ste Barbe vein, Montmins mining district, Échassières, Vichy, Allier, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France
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About LeucophosphiteHide

Formula:
KFe3+2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
Colour:
White to greenish, buff, yellow-brown, orange-brown, pink, greenish brown, brownish purple
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Earthy
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
2.948
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1932 by Edward Sydney Simpson from the Greek word "LEUCO" meaning "white" and the prefix PHOSPHate, in allusion to its colour and composition as a phosphate.
Isostructural with:
Tinsleyite
Leucophosphite Group.
The Fe3+ analogue of tinsleyite.

Originally phosphate formed by the action of solutions derived from bird or bat guano upon serpentine (TL), or earlier iron-bearing minerals, also formed from the hydrothermal alteration of earlier iron-bearing phosphates in granite pegmatites.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2385
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2385:2

IMA Classification of LeucophosphiteHide

Classification of LeucophosphiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
8.DH.10

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
H : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 < 1:1
Dana 8th ed.:
42.11.6.1

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
11 : (AB)3(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:
19.14.7

19 : Phosphates
14 : Phosphates of Fe and other metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
LppIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of LeucophosphiteHide

Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Earthy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Chalky from guano deposits.
Colour:
White to greenish, buff, yellow-brown, orange-brown, pink, greenish brown, brownish purple
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Fragile
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {100}, perfect.
Density:
2.948 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.911 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Type locality density values = 2.30 to 2.65 (porous and chalk-like).

Optical Data of LeucophosphiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.707 nβ = 1.721 nγ = 1.739
2V:
Calculated: 84°
Birefringence:
0.032
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.032
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v
Optical Extinction:
X = b, Z ∧ c = 26°
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic

Chemistry of LeucophosphiteHide

Mindat Formula:
KFe3+2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O
Element Weights:
Element% weight
O44.695 %
Fe28.364 %
P15.732 %
K9.929 %
H1.280 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
O
Fe
P
K
H
Elements listed:
Fe, H, K, O, P - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of LeucophosphiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.76 Å, b = 9.65 Å, c = 9.74 Å
β = 102.44°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.011 : 1 : 1.009
Unit Cell V:
895.81 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Pseudo-orthorhombic. Crystals rhombic-shaped, exhibiting {100}, {210}, {111}, and {111}. Fine-grained, chalk-like masses. Amorphous in part.
Comment:
P21/n

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0000274LeucophosphiteMoore P B (1972) Octahedral tetramer in the crystal structure of leucophosphite, K2[Fe4(OH)2(H2O)2(PO4)4].2H2O American Mineralogist 57 397-41019720293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
7.60 Å(70)
6.79 Å(100)
5.99 Å(70)
4.76 Å(30)
3.06 Å(70)
2.916 Å(40)
2.829 Å(40)
Comments:
Material from Sapucaia pegmatite, Brazil. See also ICDD 9-446, 37-466.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
21 : Chemically precipitated carbonate, phosphate, iron formations
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
Geological Setting:
Cave deposits resulting from bird or bat guano reactions with earlier iron-bearing minerals; hydrothermally altered iron-rich phosphates in pegmatites; phosphate rock deposits; crosscutting fluorapatite nodules.

Type Occurrence of LeucophosphiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Ninghanboun Hills serpentinite, Weelhamby Lake, Perenjori Shire, Western Australia, Australia
General Appearance of Type Material:
Chalk like mass.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia: M.69.1991, MDC6129.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Guano deposits forming veins in serpentinite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
'Chalcedony'OpalSerpentine SubgroupVariscite
Reference:
Simpson, E.S. (1932) Contributions to the mineralogy of Western Australia, (7) Variscite (redondite) and leucophosphite (Sp. nov.), Ninghanboun Hills, S.W.. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia: 18: 69-74.

Other Language Names for LeucophosphiteHide

Relationship of Leucophosphite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Leucophosphite Group
Other Members of Leucophosphite Group:
Ammoniotinsleyite(NH4)Al2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
Spheniscidite(NH4,K)(Fe3+,Al)2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OMon. 2/m
TinsleyiteKAl2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OMon.

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
81 photos of Leucophosphite associated with DufréniteCa0.5Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O
50 photos of Leucophosphite associated with CyriloviteNaFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O
43 photos of Leucophosphite associated with HureauliteMn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O
36 photos of Leucophosphite associated with StrengiteFePO4 · 2H2O
27 photos of Leucophosphite associated with Meurigite-KKFe3+8(PO4)6(OH)7 · 6.5H2O
23 photos of Leucophosphite associated with Rockbridgeite(Fe2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5
22 photos of Leucophosphite associated with KidwelliteNaFe3+9+x(PO4)6(OH)11 · 3H2O, x = 0.33
20 photos of Leucophosphite associated with CacoxeniteFe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2O
19 photos of Leucophosphite associated with BariopharmacosideriteBa0.5Fe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 5H2O
18 photos of Leucophosphite associated with Jahnsite GroupXM1M22M32(H2O)8(OH)2(PO4)4

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

8.DH.Thebaite-(NH4)(NH4)3Al(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.Whiteite-(MnMnMn)Mn2+Mn2+Mn2+2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.Ammoniotinsleyite(NH4)Al2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
8.DH.Bergbauerite(H2O)2Mn2(Fe2Ti)(PO4)4(OH)2(H2O)10 · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.Dendoraite-(NH4)(NH4)2NaAl(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)2Mon. 2/m
8.DH.Rowleyite[Na(NH4,K)9Cl4][V5+,4+2(P,As)O8]6 · n[H2O,Na,NH4,K,Cl]Iso.
8.DH.HochleitneriteMn2Ti3(PO4)4O2(H2O)2 · 14H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.Whiteite-(CaMnFe)CaMnFe2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
8.DH.05MinyuliteKAl2(PO4)2F · 4H2OOrth. mm2 : Pba2
8.DH.10TinsleyiteKAl2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OMon.
8.DH.10Spheniscidite(NH4,K)(Fe3+,Al)2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OMon. 2/m
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaMnFe){Ca}{Mn2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(NaMnMn){Na}{Mn2+}{(Mn2+,Fe3+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaMnMg){Ca}{Mn2+}{(Mg,Fe2+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaMnMn){Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Whiteite-(MnMnMg)MnMnMg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaMnZn){Ca}{Mn2+}{Zn2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(MnMnMg){Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(MnMnFe){Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15'Jahnsite-(CaFeFe)'{Ca}{Fe2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon.
8.DH.15Rittmannite{(Mn2+,Ca)}{Mn2+}{(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2}{(Al,Fe3+)2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15KeckiteCaMn2+(Fe3+Mn2+)Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)3 · 7H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(NaMnMg){(Na,Ca)}{(Mn2+,Fe3+)}{(Mg,Fe3+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15'Jahnsite-(CaMgMg)'{Ca}{Mg}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(MnMnZn){Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Zn2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Whiteite-(CaMgMg)CaMg3Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Whiteite-(CaFeMg){Ca}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.15Whiteite-(CaMnMg){Ca}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
8.DH.15Whiteite-(MnFeMg){(Mn2+,Ca)}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(MnMnMn){Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.15'Kaluginite'(Mn2+,Ca)MgFe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2OOrth.
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaFeMg){Ca}{Fe2+}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Whiteite-(CaMnMn){Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(NaFeMg){Na}{Fe3+}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.20SegeleriteCa2 Mg2 Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pcca
8.DH.20Lun'okite(Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO4)2OH · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.20Manganosegelerite(Mn2+,Ca)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.20WilhelmvierlingiteCaMnFe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.20JuonniiteCaMgSc(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.20OveriteCaMgAl(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.25CalcioferriteCa4MgFe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DH.25ZodaciteCa4Mn2+Fe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OMon.
8.DH.25FanfaniiteCa4Mn2+Al4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DH.25KingsmountiteCa3Mn2+FeAl4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DH.25MontgomeryiteCa4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OMon. 2 : B2
8.DH.30PararobertsiteCa2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.30RobertsiteCa2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. m : Bb
8.DH.30ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DH.30Sailaufite(Ca,Na,◻)2Mn3+3(AsO4)2(CO3)O2 · 3H2OMon. m : Bm
8.DH.30MitridatiteCa2Fe3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DH.30KolfaniteCa2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3 · 2H2OMon.
8.DH.35MantienneiteKMg2Al2Ti(PO4)4(OH)3 · 15H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.35Sperlingite (H2O)K(Mn2+Fe3+)(Al2Ti)(PO4)4[O(OH)] [(H2O)9(OH)] · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.35PaulkerriteK(Mg,Mn2+)2(Fe3+,Al,Ti,Mg)2Ti(PO4)4(OH)3 · 15H2OMon. m
8.DH.35Hydroxylbenyacarite(H2O)2Mn2(Ti2Fe)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10 · 4H2O Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.35MacraeiteK(H2O)Mn2(Fe2Ti)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.35Benyacarite(H2O)2Mn2Ti2Fe3+(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10 · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.35Fluormacraeite [(H2O)K]Mn2(Fe2Ti)(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.40XanthoxeniteCa4Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 3H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DH.45MahnertiteNaCu3(AsO4)2Cl · 5H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
8.DH.50AndyrobertsiteKCdCu5(AsO4)4(H2AsO4) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
8.DH.50CalcioandyrobertsiteKCaCu5(AsO4)4(H2AsO4) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
8.DH.55EnglishiteK3Na2Ca10Al15(PO4)21(OH)7 · 26H2OMon. 2/m
8.DH.60BouazzeriteBi6(Mg,Co)11Fe3+14(AsO4)18(OH)4O12 · 86H2OMon. 2/m
8.DH.65GalliskiiteCa4Al2(PO4)2F8 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DH.70JoteiteCa2CuAl(AsO4)[AsO3(OH)]2(OH)2 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DH.75KampeliteBa6Mg3Sc8(PO4)12(OH)6 · 7H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
8.DH.80KapundaiteNaCaFe4(PO4)4(OH)3 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DH.85VaniniiteCa2Mn2+3Mn3+2O2(AsO4)4 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b

RadioactivityHide

Radioactivity:
Element % Content Activity (Bq/kg) Radiation Type
Uranium (U) 0.0000% 0 α, β, γ
Thorium (Th) 0.0000% 0 α, β, γ
Potassium (K) 9.9292% 3,078 β, γ

For comparison:

  • Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
  • Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
  • EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Activity: –

DistanceDose rateRisk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield

Fluorescence of LeucophosphiteHide

In UV light:
Not fluorescent in UV

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Insoluble in water. Completely soluble in hot strong HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for LeucophosphiteHide

References for LeucophosphiteHide

Localities for LeucophosphiteHide

Showing 147 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • West Antarctica
Barczuk A. & Tatur A. 2003: BIOGENIC ...
      • South Shetland Islands
        • King George Island
Tatjir et al. (1984)
Tatur et al. (1985)
Argentina
 
  • Salta Province
    • La Poma Department
GALLISKI (1983) +1 other reference
  • San Luis Province
    • San Martín Department
Roda-Robles et al. (2012)
Aruba
 
  • San Nicolaas
Stienstra (1985)
Australia
 
  • Australian Capital Territory
    • Paddy's River District
McQueen et al. (1988)
      • Paddy's River Mine
McQueen +3 other references
  • New South Wales
    • Bathurst Co.
R. Bottrill
    • Kennedy Co.
      • Goonumbla
        • Northparkes Mine Project
McLean et al. (2004)
    • Westmoreland County
Podgson RE
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
        • Broken Hill
          • Broken Hill South Mine (BHS Mine; South Mine)
Birch et al. (1997)
  • Queensland
    • City of Mount Isa
      • Gunpowder District
        • Mount Gordon
Day et al. (1996)
  • South Australia
    • Barossa Council
      • Penrice
Harrowfield et al. (1981) +1 other reference
    • Light Regional Council
      • Koonunga
Pilkington et al. (1982) +1 other reference
      • St Johns
    • Northern Areas Council
      • Gladstone
Sorrell (n.d.) +1 other reference
    • Pastoral Unincorporated Area
      • Bimbowrie Conservation Park
        • Old Boolcoomata Station
          • White Rock Feldspar Mine
Elliott (2022) +2 other references
    • Robertstown
Norrish et al. (1957) +1 other reference
  • Tasmania
    • Huon Valley municipality
      • Southern Islands
Bottrill et al. (2008)
  • Victoria
    • Buloke Shire
      • Wycheproof
Birch et al. (1993)
    • Swan Hill Rural City
      • Lake Boga
Birch et al. (1993)
  • Western Australia
    • Meekatharra Shire
      • Milgun Station
Mineralogical Magazine 39 (1974) +1 other reference
    • Perenjori Shire
      • Weelhamby Lake
Simpson (1932) +1 other reference
    • Upper Gascoyne Shire
      • Yinnietharra
Hesperian Press +3 other references
Brazil
 
  • Minas Gerais
    • Conselheiro Pena
      • Barra do Cuieté
various photographs
sergio varvello
Natural History Museum Collections (London 2008) +2 other references
luigi chiappino specimen +1 other reference
      • Ferruginha
Sergio Varvello photo
    • Divino das Laranjeiras
      • Linópolis
Atencio et al. (2005)
    • Galiléia
      • Sapucaia do Norte
Cassedanne et al. (1999) +1 other reference
  • Pará
    • Canaã dos Carajás
      • Serra Sul complex
        • S11D deposit
Piló et al. (2023)
    • Parauapebas
      • Carajás iron complex
        • N4WS Pit
Piló et al. (2023)
Figueira et al. (2019)
  • Rio Grande do Norte
    • Parelhas
Bhaskara Rao et al. (1966)
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
Traill (1983)
      • Quesnel
        • Narcosli Creek
Peatfield (n.d.)
Chile
 
  • Antofagasta
    • El Loa Province
      • Calama
EDS analisis +1 other reference
EDS-SEM analisis +1 other reference
  • Tarapacá
    • Tamarugal Province
      • Pica
        • Collahuasi mining district
Teck Resources Limited
Czech Republic
 
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Sokolov District
      • Krásno
Sejkora et al. (2006) +1 other reference
        • Vysoký Kámen
Jirásek et al. (2016)
Sejkora et al. (2006) +1 other reference
  • Plzeň Region
    • Rokycany District
      • Těškov
Janouš (1995) +4 other references
  • Vysočina Region
    • Pelhřimov District
      • Křeč
Vrtiška et al. (2017)
    • Žďár nad Sázavou District
      • Bory
        • Horní Bory
          • Cyrilov (Cyrillhof)
new data on the type material. Journal of GEOsciences: 45 (1-2) +3 other references
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Allier
      • Vichy
        • Échassières
Chollet Pascal Collection
          • Montmins mining district
Cuchet et al. (2000)
  • Brittany
    • Morbihan
      • Pontivy
        • Plumelin
Pierre Le Roch & Jean-Marc Johannet ...
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Deux-Sèvres
      • Bressuire
        • Mauléon
          • Le Temple
Lièvre et al. (2002)
    • Dordogne
      • Sarlat-la-Canéda
        • Cénac-et-Saint-Julien
Karkanas et al. (2002)
    • Haute-Vienne
      • Bellac
        • Bessines-sur-Gartempe
Natural History Museum Paris analysis
        • Razès
          • Chanteloube
            • Vilatte Quarries (La Vilate)
Boisson (1988)
  • Occitanie
    • Aveyron
      • Villefranche-de-Rouergue
        • La Capelle-Bleys
Gayraud et al. (2011) +1 other reference
Germany
 
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Bavaria
      • Regen District
        • Zwiesel
          • Rabenstein
Habel (2006) +1 other reference
    • Upper Palatinate
      • Cham District
        • Waldmünchen
          • Althütte
Fehr et al. (1985)
      • Neustadt an der Waldnaab District
        • Pleystein
Dill et al. (2009)
        • Waidhaus
          • Hagendorf
web.archive.org (2001) +1 other reference
Kastning et al. (1996) +2 other references
      • Tirschenreuth District
        • Erbendorf
          • Grötschenreuth
Pöllmann et al. (2005)
Iran
 
  • Kurdistan Province
    • Divandarreh County
Amin et al. (2022)
Israel
 
  • Haifa District
    • Hadera
      • Hof HaCarmel
Weiner et al. (1993)
Italy
 
  • Sardinia
    • Nuoro Province
      • Orotelli
Raudsepp M. and Pani E. (1994)
    • South Sardinia Province
      • Carbonia
        • Barbusi
Sauro et al. (2014) +1 other reference
  • Umbria
    • Perugia Province
      • Sigillo
        • Monte Cucco
D'Angeli et al. (2018)
Liberia
 
  • Bomi County
Axelrod et al. (1952)
Madagascar
 
  • Amoron'i Mania
    • Ambatofinandrahana District
      • Mandrosonoro
Behier (1960)
Malaysia
 
  • Sarawak
    • Miri Division
Bridge et al. (1983)
  • Selangor
    • Gombak District
Wurster et al. (2015)
Mexico
 
  • Durango
    • Indé Municipality
Sergio Varvello collection
Morocco
 
  • Marrakesh-Safi Region
    • Rehamna Province
      • Sidi Bou Othmane Cercle
        • Jebilet Mountain (Djebilet Mountain)
          • Sidi Bou Othmane
Favreau (2012)
  • Oriental Region
    • Berkane Province
      • Zegzel commune
Audra et al. (2021)
Namibia
 
  • Erongo Region
    • Dâures Constituency
von Bezing (2007)
Keller (1974)
    • Karibib Constituency
      • Okatjimukuju Farm 55 (Friedrichsfelde Farm)
Keller et al. (1989)
New Zealand
 
  • Otago Region
    • Clutha District
Landis et al. (2003)
Philippines
 
  • Visayas
    • Western Visayas Region
      • Palawan Province
        • Palawan Island
          • Bataraza
Wurster et al. (2015)
          • El Nido
Wurster et al. (2015)
          • Quezon
Choa et al. (2014)
Portugal
 
  • Faro
    • Alcoutim
      • Martim Longo
Alves (n.d.)
  • Guarda
    • Gouveia
      • Folgosinho
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data
    • Sabugal
      • Bendada
Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1991)
  • Viseu
    • Mangualde
      • Mangualde (Mesquitela e Cunha Alta)
Rewitzer et al. (1984) +1 other reference
Mineralien Atlas
      • Tavares (Chãs; Várzea e Travanca)
        • Corvaceira
Alves (n.d.)
    • Sátão
      • Ferreira de Aves
        • Aldeia Nova
Alves (n.d.)
Romania
 
  • Caraş-Severin County
    • Locva Mountains (Locvei Mountains)
Dumitraş et al. (2025)
  • Hunedoara County
    • Boșorod
Marincea et al. (2002)
Russia
 
  • Altai Krai
Sokol et al. (2022)
Rwanda
 
  • Western Province
    • Ngororero District
      • Muhororo
Daltry et al. (1998)
South Africa
 
  • Gauteng
    • West Rand District Municipality
      • Far West Rand
        • Oberholzer
Martini et al. (1978)
Martini et al. (1978)
        • Western Sector
          • Carletonville
Martini et al. (1978)
      • Mogale City Local Municipality
        • Krugersdorp
Martini et al. (1978)
Martini et al. (1978)
Martini et al. (1978)
  • Limpopo
    • Capricorn District Municipality
      • Lepelle-Nkumpi Local Municipality
Martini et al. (1978)
  • Mpumalanga
    • Ehlanzeni District Municipality
      • Mbombela Local Municipality
        • Mbombela
Martini (1997)
  • North West
    • Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality
      • JB Marks Local Municipality
        • Ventersdorp
Martini et al. (1998)
Martini et al. (1978)
Spain
 
  • Castile and Leon
    • Salamanca
      • Aldehuela de la Bóveda
Roda et al. (2001)
      • Garcirrey
Encarnación Roda-Robles (2007)
    • Zamora
      • Villar del Buey
Roda-Robles et al. (1998)
  • Extremadura
    • Cáceres
      • Zarza la Mayor
Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022)
Thailand
 
  • Chiang Mai Province
Lenoble et al. (2006, September)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • St Day
Golley et al. (1995)
      • Treverbyn
        • Stenalees
Elton et al. (1996) +2 other references
  • Scotland
    • Outer Hebrides
Judd +9 other references
Young et al. (1978)
USA
 
  • Alabama
    • Cherokee County
Hollabaugh et al. (1989)
    • Coosa County
Rocks & Minerals: 70 (5)
  • Arizona
    • Yavapai County
      • Eureka Mining District
        • Hillside
          • Bagdad Mine area
Leavens (1967) +1 other reference
  • California
    • Fresno County
      • Escarpado Canyon
        • Cima Hill
Gulbrandsen et al. (1963) +3 other references
    • San Diego County
      • Pala Mining District
        • Pala
          • Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn)
King (n.d.)
  • Colorado
    • Larimer County
      • Crystal Mountain Pegmatite Mining District (Storm Mountain Mining District)
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Indiana
    • Pike County
Simmons et al. (1984)
  • Maine
    • Oxford County
      • Greenwood
        • Uncle Tom Mountain
Falster et al. (2019)
  • Nevada
    • Elko County
      • Carlin Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Eureka County
      • Carlin Trend
        • Maggie Creek Mining Subdistrict
Newmont Mining Corporation
      • Gibellini Mining District
[Anthony (1997) +1 other reference
      • Lynn Mining District
Jensen et al. (1995)
Barrick Gold Corporation
    • Humboldt County
      • Buffalo Mountain Mining District
        • Lone Tree Mine
Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999.
      • Iron Point Mining District
        • Valmy
Dr. William S. Wise presentation to ...
  • New Hampshire
    • Grafton County
      • Groton
Rocks & Min. 80:251
Smith (2005) +1 other reference
Moore (1973)
      • Orange
Thompson et al. (2022)
  • New Mexico
    • Grant County
      • Big Burro Mountains
        • Black Hawk Mining District
Northrop et al. (1996)
Northrop et al. (1996)
        • Tyrone Area
Freeport-McMoRan
Northrop et al. (1996)
        • Santa Rita
Mineralogical Magazine 60:787-793.
  • North Carolina
    • Cleveland County
      • Kings Mountain
JBS collection
  • South Dakota
    • Custer County
      • Custer Mining District
        • Custer
Campbell et al. (1985)
        • Fourmile
Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117. +1 other reference
        • Pringle
          • Cicero Peak
Smith et al. (2000)
      • Custer State Park
        • The Needles
Smith et al. (2000)
    • Pennington County
      • Keystone Mining District
        • Glendale
Campbell et al. (1985)
        • Keystone
Smith et al. (2000)
      • Unorganized mining district [5]
King (n.d.)
  • Virginia
    • Giles County
      • Pig Hole Cave
Dietrich (1990)
  • Wisconsin
    • Rusk County
      • Ladysmith
Jones +1 other reference
Venezuela
 
Franco Urbani (2009)
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