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Kingsmountite

A valid IMA mineral species
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09362930017271924278590.jpg
Kingsmountite

Foote Lithium Co. Mine, Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, North Carolina, USA
02153700017271924313853.jpg
Kingsmountite, etc.

Foote Lithium Co. Mine, Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, North Carolina, USA
01797750017271924494582.jpg
Kingsmountite

Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Neustadt an der Waldnaab District, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany
09362930017271924278590.jpg
Kingsmountite

Foote Lithium Co. Mine, Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, North Carolina, USA
02153700017271924313853.jpg
Kingsmountite, etc.

Foote Lithium Co. Mine, Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, North Carolina, USA
01797750017271924494582.jpg
Kingsmountite

Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Neustadt an der Waldnaab District, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany
09362930017271924278590.jpg
Kingsmountite

Foote Lithium Co. Mine, Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, North Carolina, USA
02153700017271924313853.jpg
Kingsmountite, etc.

Foote Lithium Co. Mine, Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, North Carolina, USA
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About KingsmountiteHide

09299060017271924569742.jpg
Fresh pegmatite exposure, 1968

Foote Lithium Co. Mine, Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, North Carolina, USA
Formula:
Ca3Mn2+FeAl4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O
IMA proposal 19-B
Colour:
Colorless to white, may have a light tan to pale brown tinge
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
2.51
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named in 1979 by Pete J. Dunn, Donald R. Peacor, John S. White, and Robert A. Ramik after the type locality - Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, North Carolina, USA.
Isostructural with:
Montgomeryite
Fe(II) analogue of Montgomeryite. Also ferrous iron analogue of fanfaniite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2211
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2211:4

IMA Classification of KingsmountiteHide

IMA status:
Approved
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
IMA Formula:
Ca3Mn2+Fe2+Al4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O
Approval year:
1978
First published:
1979
Approval history:
2019: Assigned with a triclinic structure with an ideal formula Ca3MnFeAl4(PO4)6(OH)4·12H2O
Type description reference:
Dunn, P.J., Peacor, D.R., White, J.S., Ramik, R.A. (1979) Kingsmountite, a new mineral isostructural with montgomeryite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 17(3): 579-582.

Classification of KingsmountiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
8.DH.25

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
H : With large and medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 < 1:1
Dana 8th ed.:
42.11.8.2

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
11 : (AB)3(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:
19.14.22

19 : Phosphates
14 : Phosphates of Fe and other metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
KmoIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of KingsmountiteHide

Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colorless to white, may have a light tan to pale brown tinge
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Density:
2.51 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.58 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of KingsmountiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.573 nβ = 1.581 nγ = 1.583
2V:
Measured: 62° , Calculated: 58°
Birefringence:
0.010
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.010
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Surface Relief:
Moderate (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
very weak
Optical Extinction:
Z^ length = 35°
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic

Chemistry of KingsmountiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Ca3Mn2+FeAl4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O

IMA proposal 19-B
Element Weights:
Element% weight
O53.645 %
P15.578 %
Ca10.078 %
Al9.047 %
Fe4.681 %
Mn4.605 %
H2.366 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Elements listed:
Al, Ca, Fe, H, Mn, O, P - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of KingsmountiteHide

Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 20.067(6) Å, b = 13.197(4) Å, c = 6.255(3) Å
α = 89.35(2)°, β = 91.21(2)°, γ = 112.20(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.521 : 1 : 0.474
Unit Cell V:
1,533.33 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Bladed crystals with pinacoidal forms dominant
Comment:
IMA Proposal 19-B : kingsmountite is assigned with a triclinic structure

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
12.23 Å(50)
6.33 Å(30)
5.15 Å(100)
3.31 Å(30)
2.950 Å(40)
2.915 Å(30)
2.624 Å(60)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates]
47i : [Terrestrial weathering of meteorites]
Geological Setting:
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., U.S.A collections under catalog numbers NMNH 120972 and 120973.

Type Occurrence of KingsmountiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Foote Lithium Co. Mine, Kings Mountain, Cleveland County, North Carolina, USA
General Appearance of Type Material:
Radiating bundles of subparallel fibres in white spherules
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Phosphate mineralized fractures in granite pegmatite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
AlbiteBirnessiteMangangordoniteMitridatite
Reference:
Dunn, P.J., Peacor, D.R., White, J.S., Ramik, R.A. (1979) Kingsmountite, a new mineral isostructural with montgomeryite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 17(3): 579-582.

Synonyms of KingsmountiteHide

Other Language Names for KingsmountiteHide

Relationship of Kingsmountite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Montgomeryite Subgroup > Calcioferrite Group
Other Members of Montgomeryite Subgroup:
FanfaniiteCa4Mn2+Al4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
MontgomeryiteCa4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OMon. 2 : B2

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
6 photos of Kingsmountite associated with Birnessite(Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O
6 photos of Kingsmountite associated with MitridatiteCa2Fe3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
3 photos of Kingsmountite associated with PhosphophylliteZn2Fe 2+(PO4)2 · 4H2O
3 photos of Kingsmountite associated with KeckiteCaMn2+(Fe3+Mn2+)Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)3 · 7H2O
3 photos of Kingsmountite associated with ScholziteCaZn2(PO4)2 · 2H2O
2 photos of Kingsmountite associated with Meurigite-KKFe3+8(PO4)6(OH)7 · 6.5H2O
2 photos of Kingsmountite associated with BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
2 photos of Kingsmountite associated with Jahnsite-(CaMnMn){Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O
2 photos of Kingsmountite associated with Matulaite(Fe3+,Al)Al7(PO4)4(PO3OH)2(OH)8(H2O)8 · 8H2O
2 photos of Kingsmountite associated with CacoxeniteFe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

8.DH.Thebaite-(NH4)(NH4)3Al(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.Whiteite-(MnMnMn)Mn2+Mn2+Mn2+2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.Ammoniotinsleyite(NH4)Al2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
8.DH.Bergbauerite(H2O)2Mn2(Fe2Ti)(PO4)4(OH)2(H2O)10 · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.Dendoraite-(NH4)(NH4)2NaAl(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)2Mon. 2/m
8.DH.Rowleyite[Na(NH4,K)9Cl4][V5+,4+2(P,As)O8]6 · n[H2O,Na,NH4,K,Cl]Iso.
8.DH.HochleitneriteMn2Ti3(PO4)4O2(H2O)2 · 14H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.Whiteite-(CaMnFe)CaMnFe2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
8.DH.05MinyuliteKAl2(PO4)2F · 4H2OOrth. mm2 : Pba2
8.DH.10LeucophosphiteKFe3+2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.10TinsleyiteKAl2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OMon.
8.DH.10Spheniscidite(NH4,K)(Fe3+,Al)2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OMon. 2/m
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaMnFe){Ca}{Mn2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(NaMnMn){Na}{Mn2+}{(Mn2+,Fe3+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaMnMg){Ca}{Mn2+}{(Mg,Fe2+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaMnMn){Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Whiteite-(MnMnMg)MnMnMg2Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaMnZn){Ca}{Mn2+}{Zn2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(MnMnMg){Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(MnMnFe){Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15'Jahnsite-(CaFeFe)'{Ca}{Fe2+}{Fe2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon.
8.DH.15Rittmannite{(Mn2+,Ca)}{Mn2+}{(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2}{(Al,Fe3+)2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15KeckiteCaMn2+(Fe3+Mn2+)Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)3 · 7H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(NaMnMg){(Na,Ca)}{(Mn2+,Fe3+)}{(Mg,Fe3+)2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15'Jahnsite-(CaMgMg)'{Ca}{Mg}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(MnMnZn){Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Zn2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Whiteite-(CaMgMg)CaMg3Al2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Whiteite-(CaFeMg){Ca}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.15Whiteite-(CaMnMg){Ca}{Mn2+}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
8.DH.15Whiteite-(MnFeMg){(Mn2+,Ca)}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(MnMnMn){Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.15'Kaluginite'(Mn2+,Ca)MgFe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2OOrth.
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(CaFeMg){Ca}{Fe2+}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Whiteite-(CaMnMn){Ca}{Mn2+}{Mn2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.15Jahnsite-(NaFeMg){Na}{Fe3+}{Mg2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DH.20SegeleriteCa2 Mg2 Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pcca
8.DH.20Lun'okite(Mn,Ca)(Mg,Fe,Mn)Al(PO4)2OH · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.20Manganosegelerite(Mn2+,Ca)(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.20WilhelmvierlingiteCaMnFe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.20JuonniiteCaMgSc(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.20OveriteCaMgAl(PO4)2(OH) · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.25CalcioferriteCa4MgFe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DH.25ZodaciteCa4Mn2+Fe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OMon.
8.DH.25FanfaniiteCa4Mn2+Al4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DH.25MontgomeryiteCa4MgAl4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2OMon. 2 : B2
8.DH.30PararobertsiteCa2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.30RobertsiteCa2Mn3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. m : Bb
8.DH.30ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DH.30Sailaufite(Ca,Na,◻)2Mn3+3(AsO4)2(CO3)O2 · 3H2OMon. m : Bm
8.DH.30MitridatiteCa2Fe3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DH.30KolfaniteCa2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3 · 2H2OMon.
8.DH.35MantienneiteKMg2Al2Ti(PO4)4(OH)3 · 15H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.35Sperlingite (H2O)K(Mn2+Fe3+)(Al2Ti)(PO4)4[O(OH)] [(H2O)9(OH)] · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.35PaulkerriteK(Mg,Mn2+)2(Fe3+,Al,Ti,Mg)2Ti(PO4)4(OH)3 · 15H2OMon. m
8.DH.35Hydroxylbenyacarite(H2O)2Mn2(Ti2Fe)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10 · 4H2O Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.35MacraeiteK(H2O)Mn2(Fe2Ti)(PO4)4[O(OH)](H2O)10 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.35Benyacarite(H2O)2Mn2Ti2Fe3+(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10 · 4H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
8.DH.35Fluormacraeite [(H2O)K]Mn2(Fe2Ti)(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DH.40XanthoxeniteCa4Fe3+2(PO4)4(OH)2 · 3H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DH.45MahnertiteNaCu3(AsO4)2Cl · 5H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
8.DH.50AndyrobertsiteKCdCu5(AsO4)4(H2AsO4) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
8.DH.50CalcioandyrobertsiteKCaCu5(AsO4)4(H2AsO4) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
8.DH.55EnglishiteK3Na2Ca10Al15(PO4)21(OH)7 · 26H2OMon. 2/m
8.DH.60BouazzeriteBi6(Mg,Co)11Fe3+14(AsO4)18(OH)4O12 · 86H2OMon. 2/m
8.DH.65GalliskiiteCa4Al2(PO4)2F8 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DH.70JoteiteCa2CuAl(AsO4)[AsO3(OH)]2(OH)2 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DH.75KampeliteBa6Mg3Sc8(PO4)12(OH)6 · 7H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
8.DH.80KapundaiteNaCaFe4(PO4)4(OH)3 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DH.85VaniniiteCa2Mn2+3Mn3+2O2(AsO4)4 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b

Fluorescence of KingsmountiteHide

In UV light:
Not fluorescent in UV

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for KingsmountiteHide

References for KingsmountiteHide

Localities for KingsmountiteHide

Showing 18 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina
 
  • San Luis Province
    • Chacabuco Department
      • Sierra de la Estanzuela
Galliski et al. (2020)
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Westmoreland County
Podgson RE
France
 
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Dordogne
      • Sarlat-la-Canéda
        • Cénac-et-Saint-Julien
Karkanas et al. (2002)
Germany
 
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Bavaria
      • Regen District
        • Zwiesel
          • Rabenstein
Collection Elmar Lackner +1 other reference
    • Upper Palatinate
      • Neustadt an der Waldnaab District
        • Waidhaus
          • Hagendorf
web.archive.org (2001) +1 other reference
Wittern (2001) +1 other reference
  • Hesse
    • Darmstadt
      • Bergstraße
        • Heppenheim
          • Kirschhausen
Wittern (2001)
Mexico
 
  • Coahuila
    • Cuatro Ciénegas Municipality
      • Cuatro Ciénegas
        • Limestone caves
Forti (2006)
Portugal
 
  • Guarda
    • Sabugal
      • Bendada
Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1991)
  • Viana do Castelo
    • Caminha
      • Arga de Baixo
Alves (n.d.)
  • Viseu
    • Mangualde
      • Mangualde (Mesquitela e Cunha Alta)
        • Cubos-Mesquitela-Mangualde area
Vignola et al. (2018)
Russia
 
  • Murmansk Oblast
Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 121 (2) +1 other reference
Pekov (1998)
Spain
 
  • Galicia
    • Pontevedra
      • Forcarei
Calvo Rebollar (2015)
USA
 
  • Nevada
    • Humboldt County
      • Osgood Mountains
        • Potosi Mining District
Newmont Mining Corporation
  • New Hampshire
    • Cheshire County
      • Marlow
Czaja (2025)
  • North Carolina
    • Cleveland County
      • Kings Mountain
Dunn et al. (1979) +3 other references
  • South Dakota
    • Custer County
      • Custer Mining District
        • Fourmile
Smith et al. (2000)
Quick NavTopAbout KingsmountiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
 
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