Chlorite Group
A group of related mineral species
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About Chlorite Group
Colour:
Green to black
Lustre:
Pearly, Dull
Hardness:
2 - 3
Specific Gravity:
2.6 - 3.3
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
From the Greek chloros (χλωρός), meaning "green", in reference to its color.
First Recorded Locality:
A group of mostly monoclinic (also triclinic or orthorhombic) micaceous phyllosilicate minerals with a structure consisting of T-O-T layers with two layers having their silicate tetrahedral apices pointing towards each other, separated by an interlayer that may be simple octahedrally coordinated cations or which may be a brucite-*like* layer of two sheets of closely packed OH groups with the interstices between sheets providing the octahedral coordination site; the T-O-T layers and interlayer are bonded by electrostatic and hydrogen bonding forces; as the "a" and "b" directions of the T-O-T layer may be oriented to the interlayer "a" and "b" directions in twelve different stacking sequences, resulting in twelve different polytype possibilities (not all of which have been found in Nature yet for each species).
The general formula may be stated A5-7T4Z18, where A = Al, Fe2+, Fe3+, Li, Mg, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn or rarely Na, Ca while T = mostly Si, plus Al, Fe3+, Zn or B, and Z = O and/or OH.
The most common species in the chlorite group are clinochlore and chamosite.
The Árkai index (ÁI; Árkai, 1991) is an index for the estimation of a very low metamorphic grade in rocks, based on the evolution of chlorite. It is often used to complement the Kübler index (KI), earlier called the 'illite crystallinity' for the characterisation of pelites, and can also be applied in metabasites.
The general formula may be stated A5-7T4Z18, where A = Al, Fe2+, Fe3+, Li, Mg, Mn, Cr, Ni, Zn or rarely Na, Ca while T = mostly Si, plus Al, Fe3+, Zn or B, and Z = O and/or OH.
The most common species in the chlorite group are clinochlore and chamosite.
The Árkai index (ÁI; Árkai, 1991) is an index for the estimation of a very low metamorphic grade in rocks, based on the evolution of chlorite. It is often used to complement the Kübler index (KI), earlier called the 'illite crystallinity' for the characterisation of pelites, and can also be applied in metabasites.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1016
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1016:6
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Chl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Chl | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
| Chl | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Chl | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Chl | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
| Chl | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Pronunciation of Chlorite Group
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Chlorite Group
Pearly, Dull
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Green to black
Streak:
Colorless to pale green
Hardness:
2 - 3 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
Density:
2.6 - 3.3 g/cm3 (Measured)
Optical Data of Chlorite Group
Type:
Biaxial
Pleochroism:
Visible
Age distribution
Recorded ages:
Paleoproterozoic to Quaternary : 2211 Ma to 0 Ma - based on 18 recorded ages.
Sample ages:
| Sample ID | Recorded age | Geologic Time | Dating method |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.588 Ma to present day | Pleistocene | Formed in peat. |
| 2 | 15.7 ± 0.2 Ma | Miocene | K-Ar |
| 3 | 853 to 837 Ma | Tonian | Ar-Ar |
| 4 | 1034 to 1024 Ma | Stenian | Ar-Ar |
| 5 | 1713 to 1699 Ma | Statherian | Ar-Ar |
| 6 | 1815 to 1801 Ma | Orosirian | Ar-Ar |
| 7 | 2068 to 2050 Ma | Rhyacian | Ar-Ar |
| 8 | 2211 to 2193 Ma | Rhyacian | Ar-Ar |
Sample references:
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SiO2 | 27.8 % | 26.22 % | 34.00 % | 34.81 % | 34.08 % | 34.15 % | 35.49 % | 34.92 % | 34.7 % |
| Al2O3 | 11.6 % | 11.14 % | 45.06 % | 45.90 % | 45.30 % | 46.35 % | 44.36 % | 46.29 % | 48.4 % |
| Fe2O3 | 19.1 % | 0.45 % | 0.72 % | 0.19 % | 0.02 % | 0.12 % | 0.07 % | 0.1 % | |
| FeO | 25.5 % | 44.83 % | 0.24 % | ||||||
| MnO | 1.7 % | 1.74 % | 0.13 % | ||||||
| MgO | 1.4 % | 1.45 % | 1.02 % | 1.32 % | 0.24 % | 0.05 % | |||
| H2O | 12.9 % | 13.49 % | 14.95 % | 14.1 % | |||||
| CaO | 0.98 % | 0.04 % | 0.57 % | 0.16 % | 0.26 % | 0.30 % | 0.12 % | ||
| Na2O | 0.09 % | 0.19 % | 0.52 % | 0.07 % | 0.10 % | 1.12 % | 0.14 % | 1.01 % | |
| K2O | 0.08 % | 0.14 % | 0.14 % | ||||||
| Li2O | 4.02 % | 3.59 % | 3.09 % | 3.18 % | 2.74 % | 2.67 % | 2.45 % | ||
| F | 0.46 % | 0.13 % | 0.35 % | ||||||
| H2O+ | 14.87 % | 14.22 % | 14.06 % | 13.84 % | 14.12 % | ||||
| TiO2 | 0.02 % | 0.02 % | |||||||
| H2O- | 0.38 % | 0.42 % | 0.55 % | 0.28 % | |||||
| B2O3 | 0.38 % | ||||||||
| BeO | 1.06 % | ||||||||
| Total: | 100 % | 100.02 % | 99.31 % | 100.54 % | 98.94 % | 100.25 % | 100.18 % | 99.16 % | 100.93 % |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tuften, Tvedalen, Larvik Commune, Vestfold, Norway | XRF analysis by A. O. Larsen. Fe2+ by titration. H2O by difference. | |
| 2 | " " | EMP analysis by M. Erambert. H2O by difference. | |
| 3 | Mount Rubellite Quarries, Mount Rubellite, Hebron, Oxford County, Maine, USA | Wet chemical analysis from Penfield 1894 from a sample found in a pegmatite cavity. The results from the analysis corresponds well with modern analyses. | |
| 4 | Buckfield, Oxford County, Maine, USA | Wet chemical analysis by Landes 1925 on cookeite from pegmatite vug, associated with quartz, minor apatite and herderite. The results from the analysis corresponds well with modern analyses. | |
| 5 | Dobrá Voda, Žďár nad Sázavou District, Vysočina Region, Czech Republic | Wet chemical analyses, with contamination less than 1%. Sample from cavity lining in pegmatite associated with quartz, apatite, tourmaline and cassiterite | |
| 6 | Muiâne pegmatite, Muiane-Naipa group, Gilé District, Zambezia Province, Mozambique | Wet chemical analysis from Sahama et al., 1968. Sample from cavity lining in pegmatite with quartz. No admixtures in the analysed material. | |
| 7 | Lipovka Mine, Lipovsk pegmatite field, Rezhevsky District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia | Wet chemical analysis from Ginzburg (1953). Sample form pegmatite. | |
| 8 | Manono-Kitotolo mine, Tanganyika, DR Congo | Wet chemical analysis from Herman et al. (1961) from pegmatite. | |
| 9 | North Little Rock, Pulaski County, Arkansas, USA | Averaged values from a series of wet chemical analyses from Miser and Milton (1964). Samples from a pegmatite. |
Crystallography of Chlorite Group
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0007298 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Comodi P, Nazzareni S, Andreozzi G B (2009) Thermal behaviour of chlorite: an in situ single-crystal and powder diffraction study European Journal of Mineralogy 21 581-589 | 2009 | Val Malenco, Italy | 0 | 298 | |
| 0004250 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Montagnoli M, Nazzareni S, Comodi P (2006) Structural effects of pressure on chlorite: A single-crystal study American Mineralogist 91 1871-1878 |  | 2006 | Alpe Reguzzolo, Val Malenco, Italy | 0.0001 | 293 |
| 0012235 | Chamosite | Walker J R, Bish D L (1992) Application of Rietveld refinement techniques to a disordered IIb Mg-chamosite Clays and Clay Minerals 40 319-322 | 1992 | Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA | 0 | 293 | |
| 0010543 | Clinochlore | McMurchy R C (1934) The crystal structure of the chlorite minerals Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 88 420-432 | | 1934 | Miles City, Montana, USA | 0 | 293 |
| 0007299 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Comodi P, Nazzareni S, Andreozzi G B (2009) Thermal behaviour of chlorite: an in situ single-crystal and powder diffraction study European Journal of Mineralogy 21 581-589 | 2009 | Val Malenco, Italy | 0 | 574 | |
| 0007300 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Comodi P, Nazzareni S, Andreozzi G B (2009) Thermal behaviour of chlorite: an in situ single-crystal and powder diffraction study European Journal of Mineralogy 21 581-589 | 2009 | Val Malenco, Italy | 0 | 672 | |
| 0007301 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Comodi P, Nazzareni S, Andreozzi G B (2009) Thermal behaviour of chlorite: an in situ single-crystal and powder diffraction study European Journal of Mineralogy 21 581-589 | 2009 | Val Malenco, Italy | 0 | 775 | |
| 0004251 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Montagnoli M, Nazzareni S, Comodi P (2006) Structural effects of pressure on chlorite: A single-crystal study American Mineralogist 91 1871-1878 | | 2006 | Alpe Reguzzolo, Val Malenco, Italy | 1.83 | 293 |
| 0004252 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Montagnoli M, Nazzareni S, Comodi P (2006) Structural effects of pressure on chlorite: A single-crystal study American Mineralogist 91 1871-1878 | | 2006 | Alpe Reguzzolo, Val Malenco, Italy | 3.14 | 293 |
| 0004253 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Montagnoli M, Nazzareni S, Comodi P (2006) Structural effects of pressure on chlorite: A single-crystal study American Mineralogist 91 1871-1878 | | 2006 | Alpe Reguzzolo, Val Malenco, Italy | 4.25 | 293 |
| 0004254 | Clinochlore | Zanazzi P F, Montagnoli M, Nazzareni S, Comodi P (2006) Structural effects of pressure on chlorite: A single-crystal study American Mineralogist 91 1871-1878 | | 2006 | Alpe Reguzzolo, Val Malenco, Italy | 4.85 | 293 |
| 0003597 | Glagolevite | Krivovichev S V, Armbruster T, Organova N I, Burns P C, Seredkin M V, Chukanov N V (2004) Incorporation of sodium into the chlorite structure: the crystal structure of glagolevite, Na(Mg,Al)6[Si3AlO10](OH,O)8 American Mineralogist 89 1138-1141 | | 2004 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002739 | Clinochlore | Welch M D, Marshall W G (2001) High-pressure behaviour of clinochlore American Mineralogist 86 1380-1386 | | 2001 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002314 | Clinochlore | Guggenheim S, Zhan W (1999) Crystal structures of two partially dehydrated chlorites: The "modified" chlorite structure American Mineralogist 84 1415-1421 | | 1999 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002313 | Clinochlore | Guggenheim S, Zhan W (1999) Crystal structures of two partially dehydrated chlorites: The "modified" chlorite structure American Mineralogist 84 1415-1421 | | 1999 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001949 | Cookeite | Zheng H, Bailey S W (1997) Refinement of the cookeite "r" structure American Mineralogist 82 1007-1013 | | 1997 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001192 | Franklinfurnaceite | Peacor D R, Rouse R C, Bailey S W (1988) Crystal structure of franklinfurnaceite: A tri-dioctahedral zincosilicate intermediate between chlorite and mica American Mineralogist 73 876-887 | | 1988 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000771 | Clinochlore | Phillips T L, Loveless J K, Bailey S W (1980) Cr3+ coordination in chlorites: a structural study of ten chromian chlorites Siskiyou Co., Calif. American Mineralogist 65 112-122 | | 1980 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000770 | Clinochlore | Phillips T L, Loveless J K, Bailey S W (1980) Cr3+ coordination in chlorites: a structural study of ten chromian chlorites Day Book Body, N. C. American Mineralogist 65 112-122 | | 1980 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0015561 | Sudoite | Aleksandrova V A, Drits V A, Sokolova G V (1973) Crystal structure of ditrioctahedral chlorite Soviet Physics Crystallography 18 50-53 | 1973 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0000155 | Sudoite | Eggleton R A, Bailey S W (1967) Structural aspects of dioctahedral chlorite American Mineralogist 52 673-689 | | 1967 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000119 | Clinochlore | Brown B E, Bailey S W (1963) Chlorite polytypism: II. Crystal structure of a one-layer Cr-chlorite American Mineralogist 48 42-61 | | 1963 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001619 | Clinochlore | Nelson D O, Guggenheim S (1993) Inferred limitations to the oxidation of Fe in chlorite: a high-temperature single-crystal X-ray study American Mineralogist 78 1197-1207 | | 1993 | 0 | 823 | |
| 0002740 | Clinochlore | Welch M D, Marshall W G (2001) High-pressure behaviour of clinochlore American Mineralogist 86 1380-1386 | | 2001 | 1.2 | 293 | |
| 0002741 | Clinochlore | Welch M D, Marshall W G (2001) High-pressure behaviour of clinochlore American Mineralogist 86 1380-1386 | | 2001 | 2.46 | 293 | |
| 0002742 | Clinochlore | Welch M D, Marshall W G (2001) High-pressure behaviour of clinochlore American Mineralogist 86 1380-1386 | | 2001 | 4.65 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
First Recorded Occurrence of Chlorite Group
Synonyms of Chlorite Group
Other Language Names for Chlorite Group
Varieties of Chlorite Group
| Delessite | Fe-bearing variety of clinochlore (some references also consider it a Mg-rich variety of chamosite). |
| Leptochlorite | A name proposed by Tschermak (1890, 1891) for those members of the chlorite group which have high ferric iron, and commonly occur in fine scales or indistinctly fibrous forms. See also orthochlorite. Considered by Hey (1954) to be mostly an oxidised iron ... |
| Orthochlorite | A name proposed by Tschermak (1890, 1891) for those Mg-rich members of the chlorite group which have low trivalent ions, especially ferric iron. See also leptochlorite. Also used for any of several chlorites of distinct crystallization —opposed to typi... |
| Oxychlorite | Obsolete name for altered, oxidised, Fe-rich chlorite. Also used more recently as a theoretical end-member: for a H-deficient, ferric component, close to tri-trioctahedral, with an O12(OH)6 anionic basis (Masci et al, 2019) |
| Prasolite | A soft leek-green fibrous mineral from Kilpatrick Hills, Scotland. An aluminosilicate of Mg and Fe, probably a variety of chlorite. |
| Tatarkaite | A hydrated silicate of aluminium, magnesium, etc. from metamorphosed limestone near the Tatarka river, tributary of the Angara river, Siberia. Tatarkaite has been shown to be chlorite near ripidolite. |
Relationship of Chlorite Group to other Species
Chlorite Group Members:
| Baileychlore | Zn5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 | Tric. 1 |
| Borocookeite | (LiAl4◻)[BSi3O10](OH)8 | Mon. m : Bb |
| Chamosite | Fe2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 | Mon. 2/m |
| Donbassite | Al4.33(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 | Mon. 2 : B2 |
| Franklinfurnaceite | Ca2Fe3+Mn2+3Mn3+(Zn2Si2O10)(OH)8 | Mon. 2 : B2 |
| Glagolevite | Na(Mg,Al)6(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Gonyerite | Mn2+5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8 | Orth. |
| Nimite | Ni5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Pennantite | Mn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 | Tric. |
| Sudoite | Mg2Al3(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Vakhrushevaite | Mg5Cr(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 | Tric. 1 |
Click on any node to view relationships. Formula-derived relationship network for the group members above. Use Find related species to add formula-neighbour species outside the current group view. Solid links show inferred chemical differences; dashed violet links show same-formula crystallographic differences. Hydration states are not treated as relationship changes. These relationships do not imply any real-world substitution reactions between these species.
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Chlorite Group in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Chlorite Group
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References for Chlorite Group
Reference List:
Gruner, John W. (1944) The kaolinite structure of amesite, (OH)8(Mg,Fe)4Al2(Si2Al2)10, and additional data on chlorites. American Mineralogist, 29 (11-12) 422-430
Hey, Max H. (1954) A new review of the chlorites. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 30 (224) 277-292 doi:10.1180/minmag.1954.030.224.01
Brindley, G. W., Gillery, F. H. (1956) X-ray identification of chlorite species. American Mineralogist, 41 (3-4) 169-186
Nelson, Bruce W., Roy, Rustom (1958) Synthesis of chlorites and their structural and chemical constitution. American Mineralogist, 43 (7-8) 707-725
Bailey, S. W.; Brown, B. E. (1962) Chlorite polytypism: I. Regular and semi random one layer structures. American Mineralogist, 47 (7-8). 819-850
Brown, B. E., Bailey, S. W. (1963) Chlorite polytypism: II. Crystal structure of a one-layer Cr-chlorite. American Mineralogist, 48 (1-2) 42-61
Marel, H. W. (1964) Identification of chlorite and chlorite-related minerals in sediments. Beiträge zur Mineralogie und Petrographie, 9 (5). 462-480 doi:10.1007/bf02650156
Shirozu, Haruo, Bailey, S. W. (1965) Chlorite polytypism: III. Crystal structure of an orthohexagonal iron chlorite. American Mineralogist, 50 (7-8) 868-885
Gottardi, G. (1967) On a systematic error in the X-ray determination of the iron content of chlorites and biotites. American Mineralogist, 52 (9-10) 1573-1574
Lister, Judith S., Bailey, S. W. (1967) Chlorite polytypism: IV. Regular two-layer structures. American Mineralogist, 52 (11-12) 1614-1631
Hayes, John B. (1970) Polytypism of Chlorite in Sedimentary Rocks. Clays and Clay Minerals, 18 (5) 285-306 doi:10.1346/ccmn.1970.0180507
Dodge, F. C. W. (1973) Chlorites from granitic rocks of the central Sierra Nevada batholith, California. Mineralogical Magazine, 39 (301) 58-64 doi:10.1180/minmag.1973.039.301.08
Velde, Bruce (1973) Phase Equilibria in the System MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O: Chlorites and Associated Minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 39 (303) 297-312 doi:10.1180/minmag.1973.039.303.06
Post, J. L. (1974) Properties of ‘Swelling’ Chlorite in Some Mesozoic Formations of California. Clays and Clay Minerals, 22 (1) 67-77 doi:10.1346/ccmn.1974.0220110
Brindley, G. W., Chang, and Tien Show (1974) Development of long basal spacings in chlorites by thermal treatment. American Mineralogist, 59 (1-2) 152-158
Wiewióra, Andrzej (1975) Nickel Containing Regularly Interstratified Chlorite-Saponite from Szklary, Lower Silesia, Poland. Clays and Clay Minerals, 23 (2) 91-96 doi:10.1346/ccmn.1975.0230202
Black, Philippa M. (1975) Mineralogy of New Caledonian metamorphic rocks. IV. Sheet silicates from the Ouégoa district. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 49 (4). p.269-284. doi:10.1007/bf00376180(chlorite stability and chemistry)
Hazen, Robert M., Finger, Larry W. (1978) The crystal structures and compressibilities of layer minerals at high pressure. II. Phlogopite and chlorite. American Mineralogist, 63 (3-4) 293-296
Ďurovič, S., Dornberger-Schiff, K., Weiss, Z. (1983) Chlorite polytypism. I. OD interpretation and polytype symbolism of chlorite structures. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, 39 (5). 547-552 doi:10.1107/s0108768183002943
Weiss, Z., Ďurovič, S. (1983) Chlorite polytypism. II. Classification and X-ray identification of trioctahedral polytypes. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, 39 (5) 552-557 doi:10.1107/s0108768183002955
Tompkins, Linda A., Bailey, S. W., Haggerty, Stephen E. (1984) Kimberlitic chlorites from Sierra Leone, West Africa: unusual chemistries and structural polytypes. American Mineralogist, 69 (3-4) 237-249
Olives Baños, Juan; Amouric, Marc (1984) Biotite chloritization by interlayer brucitization as seen by HRTEM. American Mineralogist, 69 (9-10). p.869-871.
Olives Baños, Juan (1985) Biotites and chlorites as interlayered biotite-chlorite crystal. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 108 (5) 635-641 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1985.7879
Curtis, C. D., Hughes, C. R., Whiteman, J. A., Whittle, C. K. (1985) Compositional variation within some sedimentary chlorites and some comments on their origin. Mineralogical Magazine, 49 (352) 375-386 doi:10.1180/minmag.1985.049.352.08
Schreyer, W., Fransolet, A. -M., Abraham, K. (1986) A miscibility gap in trioctahedral Mn-Mg-Fe chlorites: Evidence from the Lienne Valley manganese deposit, Ardennes, Belgium. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 94 (3) 333-342 doi:10.1007/bf00371442
Velde, B., Medhioub, M. (1988) Approach to chemical equilibrium in diagenetic chlorites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 98 (1) 122-127 doi:10.1007/bf00371916
Bailey, S. W. (1989) Structures, Compositions, and X-ray Diffraction Identification of Dioctahedral Chlorites. Clays and Clay Minerals, 37 (3) 193-202 doi:10.1346/ccmn.1989.0370301
Walker, Jeffrey R. (1989) Polytypism of chlorite in very low grade metamorphic rocks. American Mineralogist, 74 (7-8) 738-743
Wiewióra, A., Weiss, Z. (1990) Crystallochemical classifications of phyllosilicates based on the unified system of projection of chemical composition: II. The chlorite group. Clay Minerals, 25 (1) 83-92 doi:10.1180/claymin.1990.025.1.09
Walker, Jeffrey R. (1990) Structural Variations in Chlorite and Illite in a Diagenetic Sequence from the Imperial Valley, California. Clays and Clay Minerals, 38 (3) 315-321 doi:10.1346/ccmn.1990.0380311
ÁRKAI, P. (1991) Chlorite crystallinity: an empirical approach and correlation with illite crystallinity, coal rank and mineral facies as exemplified by Palaeozoic and Mesozoic rocks of northeast Hungary. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 9 (6) 723-734 doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.1991.tb00561.x
Hillier, S., Velde, B. (1991) Octahedral occupancy and the chemical composition of diagenetic (low-temperature) chlorites. Clay Minerals, 26 (2) 149-168 doi:10.1180/claymin.1991.026.2.01
Rausell-Colom, Jose A.; Wiewióra, Andrzej; Matesanz, Emilio (1991) Relationship between composition and d001 for chlorite. American Mineralogist, 76 (7-8). 1373-1379
Mellini, Marcello, Nieto, Fernando, Alvarez, Fernando, Gomez-Pugnaire, Maria Teresa (1991) Mica-chlorite intermixing and altered chlorite from the Nevado-Filabride micaschists, Southern Spain. European Journal of Mineralogy, 3 (1) 27-38 doi:10.1127/ejm/3/1/0027
Prieto, A. C. (1991) Structure-Composition Relationships in Trioctahedral Chlorites: A Vibrational Spectroscopy Study. Clays and Clay Minerals, 39 (5) 531-539 doi:10.1346/ccmn.1991.0390508
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Bourdelle, Franck, Cathelineau, Michel (2015) Low-temperature chlorite geothermometry: a graphical representation based on a T–R2+–Si diagram. European Journal of Mineralogy, 27 (5). 617-626 doi:10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2467
Significant localities for Chlorite Group
Showing 32 significant localities out of 22,048 recorded on mindat.org.
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The Locality List
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- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Broughton talc mine, Saint-Pierre-de-Broughton, Les Appalaches RCM, Chaudière-Appalaches, Québec, Canada