Opal-AN
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About Opal-AN
Formula:
SiO2 · nH2O
Colour:
colourless, white, creme-coloured
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
5½ - 6½
Specific Gravity:
2.0 - 2.2
Member of:
Name:
A stands for "amorphous" and N stands for "network".
The origin of the word "opal" is uncertain. It may be from the Sanskrit "upala", meaning "stone" or "precious stone" or from opalus, the ancient Latin name for the gem (Pliny the Elder, 75-79). Pliny may have also referred to the gem as paederos, but a modern commentary by Kostov (2008) questions if that name was actually applied to the opal in the modern sense.
The origin of the word "opal" is uncertain. It may be from the Sanskrit "upala", meaning "stone" or "precious stone" or from opalus, the ancient Latin name for the gem (Pliny the Elder, 75-79). Pliny may have also referred to the gem as paederos, but a modern commentary by Kostov (2008) questions if that name was actually applied to the opal in the modern sense.
Opal-AN is a term for amorphous opal with a glass-like structure (Graetsch, 1994). The "A" in the name stands for amorphous; the subscript "N" is to imply its structure is network-like similar to silica glass; however, it still contains about 3-8% water, both as molecular water and bound in silanol (Si-O-H) groups.
In the study of Lee et al. (2022) opal-AN was shown to mainly comprise aggregates of differently-sized nanospheres (<5 nm) that form banded features. The opal-AG studied comprised close-packed silica nanospheres, ~400 nm in diameter.
This form of opal occurs as hyalite in volcanic and pegmatite environments where the silica deposits from the gas phase (Flörke et al., 1973) and forms globular and irregular crusts. Because of its homogeneous internal structure, it does not show opalescence and is transparent if pure. The refractive index varies slightly with water content and lies between 1.44 and 1.46 (Graetsch, 1994).
In the study of Lee et al. (2022) opal-AN was shown to mainly comprise aggregates of differently-sized nanospheres (<5 nm) that form banded features. The opal-AG studied comprised close-packed silica nanospheres, ~400 nm in diameter.
This form of opal occurs as hyalite in volcanic and pegmatite environments where the silica deposits from the gas phase (Flörke et al., 1973) and forms globular and irregular crusts. Because of its homogeneous internal structure, it does not show opalescence and is transparent if pure. The refractive index varies slightly with water content and lies between 1.44 and 1.46 (Graetsch, 1994).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1959 (as Opal-AN)
3004 (as Opal)
3004 (as Opal)
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1959:6 (as Opal-AN)
mindat:1:1:3004:1 (as Opal)
mindat:1:1:3004:1 (as Opal)
Similar Names
Physical Properties of Opal-AN
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless, white, creme-coloured
Comment:
no opalescence (play of colour)
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5½ - 6½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
2.0 - 2.2 g/cm3 (Measured)
Comment:
varies with water content
Chemistry of Opal-AN
Mindat Formula:
SiO2 · nH2O
Elements listed:
Geological Environment
Geological Setting:
Volcanic vugs, pegmatite pockets, fumaroles.
Synonyms of Opal-AN
Other Language Names for Opal-AN
Varieties of Opal-AN
Relationship of Opal-AN to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Silica:
| Chibaite | SiO2 · n(CH4, C2H6, C3H8, i-C4H10) (n = 3/17 (max)) | Iso. m3(2/m3) : Fd3 |
| Coesite | SiO2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Cristobalite | SiO2 | Tet. 422 : P41212 |
| 'Keatite' | SiO2 | Tet. 422 : P43212 |
| Lechatelierite | SiO2 | Amor. |
| Melanophlogite | 46SiO2 · 6(N2,CO2) · 2(CH4,N2) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) |
| Mogánite | SiO2 | Mon. 2/m |
| 'Opal-AG' | SiO2 · nH2O | |
| 'Opal-C' | SiO2 · nH2O | |
| 'Opal-CT' | SiO2 · nH2O | |
| Quartz | SiO2 | Trig. 32 : P3121 |
| 'Quartz-beta' | SiO2 | Hex. 622 : P6422 |
| Stishovite | SiO2 | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P42/mnm |
| Tridymite | SiO2 | Tric. 1 |
| 'β-Cristobalite' | SiO2 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| 'β-Tridymite' | SiO2 |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 290 photos of Opal-AN associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 219 photos of Opal-AN associated with Schorl | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| 182 photos of Opal-AN associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 166 photos of Opal-AN associated with 'Carbonate-rich Fluorapatite' | Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(F,O) |
| 134 photos of Opal-AN associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 133 photos of Opal-AN associated with 'Smoky Quartz' | SiO2 |
| 126 photos of Opal-AN associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 123 photos of Opal-AN associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 101 photos of Opal-AN associated with Feldspar Group | |
| 99 photos of Opal-AN associated with Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Opal-AN
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1959.html
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References for Opal-AN
Reference List:
Localities for Opal-AN
Showing 918 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| [var: Hyalite] Jose Zendrera Collection |
Antarctica | |
| [var: Hyalite] Collection of RJ Martin |
| [var: Hyalite] Collection of RJ Martin |
Argentina | |
| Padrón de Minas de la Provincia de ... |
| Padrón de Minas de la Provincia de Chubut (2005) |
| Petrov (n.d.) |
| LEAL +1 other reference |
Australia | |
| McQueen +2 other references |
| Collection of RJ Martin correlated to ... |
| Graham et al. (2001) |
| [var: Hyalite] Curtis et al. (2019) |
| [var: Hyalite] Sorrell (n.d.) |
| [var: Hyalite] specimen in collection | |
| [var: Hyalite] Collection of RJ Martin |
| Jensen (1912) | |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
| The Daydream Mine | |
| Martini et al. (2012) |
| |
| Con Constantinides collection |
| [var: Hyalite] Sorrell (n.d.) |
| [var: Hyalite] Derrick +1 other reference |
| Graham Lee Collection | |
| [var: Hyalite] Con Constantinides collection |
| Personal collection and shown on photo |
| [var: Hyalite] Costas Constantinides |
| |
| [var: Hyalite] Sorrell (n.d.) |
| Personal Collection of M. Willoughby. |
| Sorrell (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Brugger et al. (2003) |
| |
| Pers. Comm. M. Willoughby. Found on ... |
| Francis (2010) |
| Collection of RJ Martin |
| J Bosworth |
| Collection of M.Willoughby. |
| Mathew Latham collection |
| www.crocoite.com (2003) |
| Mathew Latham collection |
| [var: Hyalite] R Bottrill collection |
| crocoite.com |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
| [var: Hyalite] Sorrell (n.d.) |
| Toby Billing collection | |
| Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection |
| Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection | |
| Judy Rowe collection |
| |
| Birch (1989) |
| [var: Hyalite] Sorrell (n.d.) |
| [var: Hyalite] Sorrell (n.d.) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Sorrell (n.d.) |
| [var: Hyalite] Sorrell (n.d.) |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
| Hollis (1979) | |
| Ryan Eagle field collected 2018 |
| Ryan Eagle personal observation 2016 | |
| Judy Rowe collection |
| specimen in collection |
| ex Joan Lamond Collection | |
| Birch et al. (1993) |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
| Birch et al. (1993) |
| Jon Mommers collection. |
| [var: Hyalite] Sorrell (n.d.) |
| Sorrell (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
| Sorrell (n.d.) |
| [var: Hyalite] Steve Sorrell Collection |
| BHP |
| Fetherston et al. (2013) |
| Jacobson et al. (2007) |
| Pegamtites of Western Australia +2 other references |
Austria | |
| Schebesta (1983) +2 other references |
| - (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Tuma (1991) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Mineralienatlas.de +1 other reference | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Meixner (1952) +1 other reference |
| |
| C.Auer (2018) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2013) |
| Harald Schillhammer collection |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Neschen (n.d.) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Erwin Löffler collection | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2023) |
| Harald Schillhammer collection +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch et al. (2014) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Aufschluss 1972 (SB) |
| Taucher et al. (2001) | |
| Weissensteiner (1975) |
| Weninger (1976) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Koritnig | |
| Meixner (1937) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Aufschluss 1972 (SB) |
| Neuwirth (1952) |
| Aufschluss 1972 (SB) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Postl et al. (1996) |
| Exel (1993) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Niedermayr (1987) +2 other references |
| Josef Schadler (Handschriftliche Aufzeichnungen) |
| Kolitsch (2008) +1 other reference |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
Bolivia | |
| Ahlfeld et al. (1955) |
| Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Jorge Muñoz Reyes (1955) |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Jorge Muñoz Reyes (1955) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Pough (1976) |
| Petrov (n.d.) |
Brazil | |
| Soares et al. (2025) |
| [var: Hyalite] Sauer (1982) |
| Cassedanne et al. (1977) |
| Pagano et al. (2001) |
| Cassedanne et al. (1999) |
| Menezes (n.d.) |
| de Brito Barreto et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| e Souza et al. (2020) |
| [var: Hyalite] Sauer (1982) |
| de Brito Barreto et al. (2010) |
| [var: Hyalite] de Brito Barreto et al. (2010) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Fernando Brederodes Collection |
| Bergmann (2009) |
| Ruiz (2001) |
Bulgaria | |
| Marcus Voigt Collection |
Cambodia | |
| United Nations (1993) |
| United Nations (1993) |
Canada | |
| [var: Hyalite] personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments) |
| [var: Hyalite] Peatfield (n.d.) |
| [var: Hyalite] Michael Adamowicz Collection |
| [var: Hyalite] Shadow Lake RockHounders Facebook group |
| ontariominerals.com |
Chile | |
| Tetra Tech Chile (2019) |
China | |
| [var: Hyalite] National Geological Archives of China ... |
| Ottens (2005) |
| Wuhan Huaze Science & Technology ... |
Colombia | |
| - (2002) |
Czech Republic | |
| [var: Hyalite] Petr Fuchs collection |
| |
| Škácha et al. (2024) |
| Cícha J. |
| [var: Hyalite] Pauliš P. et al. (2015) |
| [var: Hyalite] P.Zeman et al. (2017) |
| Hibsch et al. (1911) |
| www.geocities.com/Smula.geo |
| Radoň M. Významné mineralogické lokality Českého středohoří. Minerál 2009 (2) |
| [var: Hyalite] P.Pauliš |
DR Congo | |
| Uwe Haubenreisser collection |
Ethiopia | |
| Rock Currier collection |
France | |
| Robin Fialip |
| Pierre Le Roch Collection |
| Collected by Stéphane Jamon |
| Kreipl (1974) |
| Anthony Geneyton Collection |
| [var: Hyalite] Mboungou-Kongo (2002) |
| [var: Hyalite] Müller et al. (2023) |
| [var: Hyalite] Designolle (2021) |
| Barrier et al. (2009) |
| Cathelineau et al. (2024) |
| Ansermet et al. (2010) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Remy et al. (2014) |
| [var: Hyalite] Baret (1905) |
| Cheval-Garabédian et al. (2023) |
| [var: Hyalite] S. MAURY (S) |
| MAURY (S) |
| [var: Hyalite] MAURY (S) | |
| collection Joachim Esche |
Germany | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| [var: Hyalite] Fricke (1988) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Aufschluss 1988 (2) |
| |
| Fricke (1988) |
| Bega photo |
| [var: Hyalite] Hentschel (1976) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Volker Betz and Peter Lof collections ... | |
| [var: Hyalite] Locality description | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| 70. +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1992) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2021) |
| Schmeltzer (1993) +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1998) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Hanneberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Habel (2009) |
| [var: Hyalite] Habel et al. (1994) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Habel (2007) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Habel (2006) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Müller (1984) |
| Rost (1949) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Eigler et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| [var: Hyalite] Jordan (1803) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| [var: Hyalite] Collection of Volker Betz |
| Weiß (1990) |
| [var: Hyalite] www.zobodat.at (2022) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Ehrenberg et al. (1982) |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Klein (1999) |
| Brauns (1922) |
| [var: Hyalite] Blass et al. (1992) |
| Blaß et al. (1992) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Hentschel (1987) |
| ko.jansen |
| Blaß et al. (2013) |
| Hentschel (1987) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Juroszek et al. (Ti 5 Fe) |
| Hentschel (1987) |
| Hentschel (1987) |
| Witzke et al. (1993) |
| www.minmax.net | |
| Gröbner et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
Greece | |
| Ritter (1978) |
| [var: Hyalite] Rieck (n.d.) |
| Christophos |
| |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll: Topographia Mineralogica ... |
| |
| Koch (1985) | |
| Szakáll & Weiszburg: Telkibánya |
| |
| Szakáll et al. (1996) |
| Szakáll:Top. Min. Hun. |
| |
| Betts (n.d.) | |
| Szakáll: Topographia Mineralogica ... | |
| Szakáll: Topographia Mineralogica ... | |
| Szakáll: Topographia Mineralogica ... | |
| Szakáll: Topographia Mineralogica ... | |
| Szakáll: Topographia Mineralogica ... | |
| Szakáll: Topographia Mineralogica ... |
| geomania.hu (2011) |
| [var: Hyalite] | |
| [var: Hyalite] www.geomania.hu (2013) |
| Own found |
| www.geomania.hu (2013) |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
| geomania.hu (2013) | |
| Körmendy Regina (2011) | |
| T Ungvári collection | |
| GEODA/2000 | |
| www.geomania.hu (2013) | |
| Dávid Szabó |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
| |
Indonesia | |
| Rod Martin personal collection |
| [var: Hyalite] Sujatmiko et al. (2007) | |
Italy | |
| samples in Messina University and ... |
| Messina University collection +1 other reference | |
| Napoleoni et al. (2021) |
| [var: Hyalite] Napoleoni et al. (2021) |
| Passaglia et al. (1982) |
| Begini (2022) |
| Tabacchi C. (1974) +1 other reference |
| Fabio Brignoli collection |
| [var: Hyalite] Collection Giuseppe Finello |
| [var: Hyalite] Curlo (1929) |
| Mariani P. |
| Albertini (1983) |
| [var: Hyalite] Roggiani A.G. (1969) +2 other references |
| De Michele (1974) |
| De Michele (1974) |
| [var: Hyalite] Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Antonio Gamboni collection |
| [var: Hyalite] Stara et al. (1996) |
| Conti-Vecchi G. Stara P. (1991) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Stara et al. (1993) |
| Chinellato Matteo and Michael C. Roarke ... | |
| Sergio Russo Collection |
| Somma et al. (2024) |
| Orlandi et al. (1997) |
| Barsotti et al. (2006) | |
| Orlandi et al. (1997) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Bonifazi (2020) |
| [var: Hyalite] Bonifazi (2020) |
| [var: Hyalite] Bonifazi (2020) | |
Ivory Coast | |
| Coulibaly et al. (2025) |
Japan | |
| Uehara et al. (2014) |
| Petrov (n.d.) |
| [var: Hyalite] Alfredo Petrov | |
| Petrov (n.d.) |
| [var: Hyalite] Alfredo Petrov field trip observations |
| Alfredo Petrov specimens |
| [var: Hyalite] Amir Akhavan Collection |
| [var: Hyalite] Yamada (2004) |
| Miyawaki et al. (2003) |
| Miyawaki et al. (2000) | |
| Nakatsugawa Mineral Museum (Gifu Prefecture, Japan) |
| Patchick (1959) |
| field collected by Alfredo Petrov |
Madagascar | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # M-190 |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection |
Mexico | |
| Eric Quinter collection |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Yves Masson photo |
| |
| [var: Hyalite] Alessandro Cantamessa collection |
| [var: Hyalite] Alessandro Cantamessa collection |
| Cook (2013) |
| various added photos |
| [var: Hyalite] Panczner (1987) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
Morocco | |
| Samira et al. (2015) |
| Ferraq et al. (2024) |
Namibia | |
| Schnaitmann et al. (2007) |
| MinRec | |
| Schnaitmann et al. (2009) |
| [var: Hyalite] von Bezing (2007) |
| von Bezing (2007) |
New Zealand | |
| Rod Martin personal collection |
| Collection of RJ Martin | |
| Tim Saunderson collection |
| Rod Martin Collection | |
| [var: Hyalite] Collection of RJ Martin |
| [var: Hyalite] Tim Saunderson collection |
| [var: Hyalite] Collection of Rod Martin |
| Collection of RJ Martin |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM- 3930 (collected by Dick Dufton) | |
| Judy Rowe collection | |
| Judy Rowe collection |
| Judy Rowe and Alfredo Petrov specimens |
| Collection of RJ Martin |
| Judy Rowe collection |
| Old Mill or Dog Pound Quarry et al. (NZ) |
| [var: Hyalite] Collection of RJ Martin |
| [var: Hyalite] Tim Saunderson collection |
| [var: Hyalite] Collection of RJ Martin |
| Rod Martin personal collection |
| Brotheridge et al. (1995) | |
| Collection of RJ Martin |
| Collection of RJ Martin |
| [var: Hyalite] CF Johnson collection +1 other reference |
Norway | |
| [var: Hyalite] Larsen (2024) |
| Revheim (2004) |
| Knut Edvard Larsen MM-collection (#1089) |
| Hurum (2004) |
| Nordli et al. (1997) +1 other reference | |
| Larsen et al. (2004) |
| Nordrum (2007) | |
| Berge (n.d.) |
| Witsø (1995) |
| www.strahlen.org (n.d.) | |
| Witsø (1995) | |
| Witsø (1995) +1 other reference |
| Nordrum (2012) |
| Nordrum et al. (1997) +1 other reference | |
| Nordrum (2012) |
| Berge (n.d.) |
| Berge (n.d.) | |
| Larsen et al. (2009) |
| Berge (n.d.) |
| Berge (n.d.) |
| Andresen et al. (2018) |
| Atle Michalsen collection | |
| Berge (n.d.) |
| Larsen et al. (2012) |
| Berge (n.d.) |
| Berge (n.d.) | |
| Berge (n.d.) |
| [var: Hyalite] Nordrum (2015) |
Pakistan | |
| Jose Zendrera specimen |
| [var: Hyalite] Jose Zendrera Collection | |
| [var: Hyalite] Ikram Mineralogy |
| [var: Hyalite] imported from Rondu District +1 other reference | |
| [var: Hyalite] Collection of Mike Howard |
Peru | |
| Silva et al. (2026) |
| Silva et al. (2026) | |
| Extra Lapis - English No. 10 Opal |
Poland | |
| [var: Hyalite] Lis et al. (1986) |
| [var: Hyalite] Jäkel [F.W.?] (1853) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Krzysztof Andrzejewski |
| [var: Hyalite] Leopold von Buch 1802 - Geognostische ... +3 other references |
| [var: Hyalite] Adamczyk Z. (2008) |
| [var: Hyalite] Lis et al. (1986) |
| [var: Hyalite] Schumacher K. (1878) +1 other reference |
| [var: Hyalite] Lis et al. (1986) |
| [var: Hyalite] Glocker E.F. (1829) |
| [var: Hyalite] Lis et al. (1986) |
| [var: Hyalite] Szełęg |
| Galuskin et al. (2003) |
| [var: Hyalite] Roemer (1870) |
Portugal | |
| Marques de Sá et al. (2010) |
| Silva et al. (2026) |
| Alves et al. (2017) |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Martins da Pedra collection |
| Rui Nunes collection 2012 |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Tiago Guia's mineral collection (self-collected) |
| Alves (n.d.) | |
| Felix Garcia Garcia Mineral Collection |
| [var: Hyalite] Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1991) |
| Guilherme Pedrosa collection | |
| [var: Hyalite] Josep Sanchez-LaFuente i Mariol field ... |
| Rui Nunes 2011 |
| Alves (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| |
| Nunes (n.d.) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Nuno Afonso collection |
| Rui Nunes' visit | |
| Alves (n.d.) | |
| Alves (n.d.) | |
Russia | |
| Пекин (2010) +1 other reference | |
| [var: Hyalite] Skovitina et al. (2014) | |
Slovakia | |
| Mesiarkinová et al. (2009) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Pauliš | |
| Lexa et al. (1999) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Ďuďa (1993) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| [var: Hyalite] Timko M. et al. (2025) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Pauliš et al. (2002) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Timko M. et al. (2025) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Timko M. et al. (2025) |
| [var: Hyalite] Timko M. et al. (2025) | |
| Pauliš et al. (2002) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Bacsó |
| [var: Hyalite] Pavol Myšľan Collection +1 other reference |
| Pauliš et al. (2002) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Duda et al. (1992) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Personally collected by S.Šimko in 1994 | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Timko M. et al. (2025) |
| Duda et. all. |
| Pauliš |
| Ďuďa |
| Slavomir ŠIMKO |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
South Africa | |
| [var: Hyalite] Atanasova et al. (2016) |
| Wolfgang R. Windisch personal list. |
| [var: Hyalite] SAMS (South African Micromount Society) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
Spain | |
| Personally collected in January 2013 +1 other reference |
| Graetsch (1996) | |
| Zeolite collcetion of Volker Betz | |
| Martins da Pedra collection |
| Marc C collection |
| Hamid +9 other references |
| |
| |
Sweden | |
| [var: Hyalite] Lorin (2022) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| |
| [var: Hyalite] Schwanz et al. (1994) | |
| |
| [var: Hyalite] Gorsatt (Ed.) |
| Cuchet et al. (2005) | |
| Meisser (2012) |
UK | |
| Trevor Boyd Collection |
USA | |
| [var: Hyalite] Barwood (1974) |
| Cook et al. (1982) |
| Witkind (1963) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Eckhard D. Stuart - collection |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Dana 6:1093. |
| Rocks & Min.:57:12. +2 other references | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Scarborough (1981) |
| [var: Hyalite] Scarborough (1981) | |
| Granger (1969) +1 other reference |
| Granger (1959) +1 other reference |
| Granger (1959) |
| Granger (1969) +1 other reference | |
| Granger (1959) |
| Granger (1959) |
| The-Vug.com Collecting Minerals of La ... |
| Cristofono (n.d.) | |
| The-Vug.com Collecting Minerals of La ... |
| Dana 6: 1094. |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| P Cristofono collection |
| |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Martin (2023) |
| [var: Hyalite] Frank Karasti |
| Collected by C. Lemanski |
| Rolf Luetcke |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Schrader (1915) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Dale (1961) | |
| Former Don Miller collection |
| P Cristofono collection |
| Arkansas Geological Survey | |
| [var: Hyalite] Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Collection of RJ Martin |
| Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference |
| Former Howard Merk collection +1 other reference |
| Dana 6: 1096. |
| Pelletier | |
| Lemmon (1941b) +3 other references |
| Field collected by Daniel Evanich |
| Woodford et al. (1941) +3 other references |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| [var: Hyalite] Robert E.Walstrom Collection |
| [var: Hyalite] Howard H. J. (2011) |
| Eckhard D. Stuart - collection |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... | |
| Cordova |
| Rogers |
| [var: Hyalite] DeVito (1992) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| collected specimens by Alan Goldstein. |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Januzzi (1994) |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Januzzi (1994) | |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) | |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) | |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| field trip report | |
| |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
| Betts (1999) | |
| Moritz (n.d.) | |
| Tony Albini Collection | |
| Betts (1999) | |
| P Cristofono collection | |
| Cristofono (n.d.) | |
| Shepard (1837) |
| Ed Force collection |
| A. Berluti collection |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) | |
| Michael Otto collection | |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| [var: Hyalite] Yedlin (1964) |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Mike Polletta Observation |
| Personally collected by A. Berluti in ... |
| Collected by A. Berluti in 2009-11 | |
| Jones (1960) |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Moritz (n.d.) | |
| Schooner (1958 and 1961) +1 other reference | |
| Schooner (1958) +1 other reference | |
| Jones (1960) |
| Kevin Czaja Collection | |
| Former Don Miller collection |
| Former Don Miller collection | |
| Kevin Czaja Collection | |
| Kevin Czaja Collection | |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
| Moritz (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Jones et al. (1960) |
| Schooner (1955) |
| Jones (1960) | |
| Jones (1960) | |
| Jones (1960) | |
| Rocks & Minerals (1970) | |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
| Brace (1823) +1 other reference | |
| Ryerson (1972) |
| Visually identified at a CT museum |
| Rocks & Min.: 64:185. |
| Rocks & Min.: 64:187. |
| Cook (1978) | |
| Rocks & Min.:64:190. |
| Ransom (1974) | |
| Cook (1978) |
| Cook (1978) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Cook (1978) | |
| Betts (n.d.) | |
| Rocks & Min.:64:195 +1 other reference |
| Cook (1978) |
| - (1917) | |
| Cook (1978) |
| [var: Hyalite] Kim Strange collection |
| John Cornish collection |
| Bill Bunn |
| |
| Cristofono (n.d.) |
| King et al. (1994) | |
| Thompson et al. (1998) |
| ... |
| Mathieu Butler collection |
| Thompson et al. (1998) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Falster et al. (2019) |
| Moritz (n.d.) |
| King et al. (1994) +1 other reference | |
| King et al. (1994) +1 other reference | |
| King et al. (6) +1 other reference | |
| King et al. (1994) |
| [var: Hyalite] | |
| Dionne et al. (2014) |
| |
| A.Mathauser collection |
| Thompson et al. (1998) |
| Rocks & Min.: 62:413. | |
| King (n.d.) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Jat Thompson Collection |
| [var: Hyalite] Jat Thompson |
| Stuart Herring Collection |
| Ostrander et al. (1940) +1 other reference |
| Cordua (1969) |
| Gleba (2008) |
| Gleba (2008) |
| P Cristofono collection | |
| P. Cristofono collection | |
| Gleba (2008) | |
| P. Cristofono collection |
| P Cristofono collection |
| P Cristofono collection | |
| Emerson (1882) +1 other reference |
| Emerson (1895) | |
| Emerson (1895) | |
| Emerson (1895) |
| Cristofono (n.d.) |
| Gleba (2008) | |
| Gleba (2008) |
| P. Cristofono collection |
| Gleba (2008) |
| P Cristofono collection 2010 |
| P Cristofono collection |
| Gleba (2008) | |
| Gleba (2008) |
| Rocks & Min.: 21:75. +1 other reference |
| Gleba (2008) |
| Gleba (2008) |
| Cristofono (n.d.) |
| P Cristofono collection | |
| Gleba (2008) |
| Cristofono (n.d.) |
| T Mortimer collection | |
| Cristofono (n.d.) | |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| [var: Hyalite] Hodges et al. (2006) |
| [var: Hyalite] Paul Senn Field Work/Research |
| Meschter (1953) |
| LaPointe et al. (199) |
| American Mineralogist 19:268-274 |
| [var: Hyalite] - (2005) |
| Barrick Gold Corporation | |
| [var: Hyalite] Visual Id by Michael Cox |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| [var: Hyalite] Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| [var: Hyalite] Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Garside (1973) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Rocks & Min. 80:243 |
| |
| P Cristofono collection 2010 |
| Smith (2005) | |
| [var: Hyalite] P. Cristofono collection (ex. Gene Bearss) |
| P. Cristofono collection |
| P. Cristofono et al. (2011) |
| Whitmore et al. (2004) |
| [var: Hyalite] Thompson et al. (2022) |
| P. Cristofono collection |
| Cristofono (n.d.) | |
| Cristofono (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Cristofono (n.d.) | |
| Cristofono (n.d.) |
| P. Cristofono collection |
| P Cristofono collection |
| P. Cristofono collection | |
| P. Cristofono collection |
| P Cristofono collection 2010 |
| Rocks & Min.:64:504. +1 other reference |
| Jeremy Zolan Collection |
| [var: Hyalite] P. Cristofono collection |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Canfield (1889) +1 other reference |
| Mins. of NYC & Its Environs et al. (1931) |
| Manchester (1931) |
| NJ State Geol. Ann. Rpt. (1856) |
| American Muiseum of Nat. History et al. (s) +2 other references |
| collected by David Bernstein- 10/2009 |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Identified on specimens obtained at ... |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Page et al. (1956) +3 other references |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| [var: Hyalite] Steve Sorrell Collection |
| Jerry Cone Collection |
| [var: Hyalite] Pat R Gould Jr. Collection |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Gibbs (2013) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Variety hyalite |
| Manchester (1931) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 20:61. |
| Jensen (1978) |
| Alfredo Petrov |
| King (n.d.) |
| Rocks & Min.:8:61-65. |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Januzzi |
| Manchester (1931) |
| Rocks & Min.:11:66 +1 other reference | |
| Manchester (1931) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 7:91 +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Min.: 6:101 & 9:136-137. |
| Rocks & Min.: 8:40. |
| Rocks & Min.:7:148 & 8:40. | |
| Manchester (1931) | |
| Genth (1891) +1 other reference |
| Pratt (1933) |
| Pratt (1933) |
| Ref.: Dana 6:499 |
| Rocks & Min.: 17:62 |
| Rocks & Min.:11:76-77. |
| Veal (2004) |
| Smithsonian Institution Mineral ... | |
| Rocks & Min.:11:58. |
| Genth et al. (1881) |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 11:58. | |
| Genth (1891) | |
| Rocks & Min.:11:58. |
| Rocks & Min.: 11:57. | |
| Streeter (2003) |
| Rocks & Min.:11:77 & 60:92. | |
| U.S Bureau of Mines (Mas/Mils) | |
| Schrader et al. (1979) |
| Streeter (2003) | |
| Schrader et al. (1979) | |
| Ross (1937) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 60:92. | |
| Schrader et al. (1979) | |
| Genth (1891) | |
| Ransom (1974) |
| C.W. Allen collection |
| C.W. Allen collection |
| Rocks and Minerals (1985) +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Min.:11:58. |
| R&M 72:4 pp 252-264 |
| K. Volkman personal collection |
| [var: Hyalite] Aidan Cerenzie Collection | |
| Kleck (1970) |
| March. +1 other reference |
| March. +1 other reference | |
| [var: Hyalite] USGS |
| The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania 1966-1975 +2 other references |
| Samuel S. Gordon +1 other reference |
| Samuel S. Gordon +1 other reference | |
| Gordon (1922) |
| Gordon (1922) | |
| Miller |
| Gems & Minerals 395 (August, 1970) |
| Eckert (1997) | |
| George (1972) |
| [var: Hyalite] Carr et al. (1981) |
| [var: Hyalite] Speer (1987) |
| [var: Hyalite] Speer (1987) | |
| [var: Hyalite] Speer (1987) | |
| Rocks & Minerals: 60: 117. |
| [var: Hyalite] Frank Karasti |
| Personally collected by Franklin Roberts |
| Self-collected by Franklin Roberts. |
| November 1964 +3 other references | |
| Girard (1964, February) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Rick Dalrymple |
| [var: Hyalite] Nassau et al. (1968) | |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| [var: Hyalite] Rockpick Legend |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Greg Slak specimen | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| |
| Mike Dennis specimens |
| [var: Hyalite] Michael Hatskel Collection |
| |
| Ransom (1974) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| T Douglas Schonewald Collection |
| Personally collected by T Douglas ... | |
| T Douglas Schonewald Collection |
| T Douglas Schonewald Collection | |
| Dake (1956) |
| [var: Hyalite] John Lindell field-collected specimens. |
| www.mindat.org (n.d.) |
| T Douglas Schonewald Collection |
| Sirbescu et al. (2008) |
| Falster (1981) +1 other reference |
| [var: Hyalite] Frank Karasti |
| Iddings et al. (1892) |
Vanuatu | |
| R. Martin personal collection |
Valeč Hyalite occurrences, Valeč, Karlovy Vary District, Karlovy Vary Region, Czech Republic