Stishovite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Stishovite
Formula:
SiO2
Colour:
Colourless
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
7½ - 8
Specific Gravity:
4.35
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Sergei Mikhailovich Stishov (Сергей Михайлович Стишов) (12 December 1937, Moscow, USSR -), crystallographer, Institute of Crystallography, Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russia) who synthesized the compound. He has also worked the the Institute of High Pressure Physics of RAS.
Polymorph of:
Isostructural with:
Rutile Group. The Si analogue of argutite.
A high-pressure polymorph of SiO2. Found as microscopic grains in impact craters and in ultra-high pressure rocks.
Important component of subducted oceanic basalts. May potentially incorporate large (wt. percents level) of water and may thus play a key role in water transport / lower mantle storage on Earth (Lin et al., 2020).
A high-pressure polymorph of SiO2. Found as microscopic grains in impact craters and in ultra-high pressure rocks.
Important component of subducted oceanic basalts. May potentially incorporate large (wt. percents level) of water and may thus play a key role in water transport / lower mantle storage on Earth (Lin et al., 2020).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3790
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3790:3
IMA Classification of Stishovite
Approved
First published:
1962
Classification of Stishovite
4.DA.40
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
A : With small cations: Silica family
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
A : With small cations: Silica family
4.4.1.9
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
7.8.4
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
8 : Oxides of Si
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
8 : Oxides of Si
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Sti | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Stv | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Sti | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Sti | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Stishovite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless
Streak:
White
Hardness:
7½ - 8 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=1700 - 2800 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Comment:
Synthetic; 2080 parallel to [001], 1700 perpendicular [001]
Density:
4.35 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.29 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Synthetic material
Optical Data of Stishovite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.799 - 1.800 nε = 1.826 - 1.845
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.027 - 0.045
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Chemistry of Stishovite
Mindat Formula:
SiO2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Stishovite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P42/mnm
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.1772(7) Å, c = 2.6651(4) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.638
Unit Cell V:
46.50 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Aggregates of submicron particles.
Comment:
Synthetic material
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0013504 | Stishovite | Hill R J, Newton M D, Gibbs G V (1983) A crystal chemical study of stishovite Journal of Solid State Chemistry 47 185-200 | 1983 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0009403 | Stishovite | Baur W H, Khan A A (1971) Rutile-type compounds. VI. SiO2, GeO2 and a comparison with other rutile-type structures Acta Crystallographica B27 2133-2139 |  | 1971 | Meteor Crater, Arizona, USA | 0 | 293 |
| 0008735 | Stishovite | Yamanaka T, Fukuda T, Tsuchiya J (2002) Bonding character of SiO2 stishovite under high pressures up to 30 GPa Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 29 633-641 | 2002 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0001739 | Stishovite | Smyth J R, Swope R J, Pawley A R (1995) H in rutile-type compounds: II. Crystal chemistry of Al substitution in H-bearing stishovite American Mineralogist 80 454-456 |  | 1995 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001738 | Stishovite | Smyth J R, Swope R J, Pawley A R (1995) H in rutile-type compounds: II. Crystal chemistry of Al substitution in H-bearing stishovite American Mineralogist 80 454-456 | | 1995 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001306 | Stishovite | Ross N L, Shu J F, Hazen R M, Gasparik T (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite American Mineralogist 75 739-747 | | 1990 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0007437 | Stishovite | Spackman M A, Hill R J, Gibbs G V (1987) Exploration of structure and bonding in stishovite with Fourier and Pseudoaton Refinement methods using single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 14 139-150 | 1987 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007436 | Stishovite | Spackman M A, Hill R J, Gibbs G V (1987) Exploration of structure and bonding in stishovite with Fourier and Pseudoaton Refinement methods using single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 14 139-150 | 1987 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007435 | Stishovite | Spackman M A, Hill R J, Gibbs G V (1987) Exploration of structure and bonding in stishovite with Fourier and Pseudoaton Refinement methods using single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 14 139-150 | 1987 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007434 | Stishovite | Spackman M A, Hill R J, Gibbs G V (1987) Exploration of structure and bonding in stishovite with Fourier and Pseudoaton Refinement methods using single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 14 139-150 | 1987 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007382 | Stishovite | Endo S, Akai T, Akahama Y, Wakatsuki M, Nakamura T, Tomii Y, Koto K, Ito Y, Tokonami M (1986) High temperature X-ray study of single crystal stishovite synthesized with Li2WO4 as flux Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13 146-151 | 1986 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007381 | Stishovite | Endo S, Akai T, Akahama Y, Wakatsuki M, Nakamura T, Tomii Y, Koto K, Ito Y, Tokonami M (1986) High temperature X-ray study of single crystal stishovite synthesized with Li2WO4 as flux Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13 146-151 | 1986 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007380 | Stishovite | Endo S, Akai T, Akahama Y, Wakatsuki M, Nakamura T, Tomii Y, Koto K, Ito Y, Tokonami M (1986) High temperature X-ray study of single crystal stishovite synthesized with Li2WO4 as flux Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13 146-151 | 1986 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007379 | Stishovite | Endo S, Akai T, Akahama Y, Wakatsuki M, Nakamura T, Tomii Y, Koto K, Ito Y, Tokonami M (1986) High temperature X-ray study of single crystal stishovite synthesized with Li2WO4 as flux Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13 146-151 | 1986 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007378 | Stishovite | Endo S, Akai T, Akahama Y, Wakatsuki M, Nakamura T, Tomii Y, Koto K, Ito Y, Tokonami M (1986) High temperature X-ray study of single crystal stishovite synthesized with Li2WO4 as flux Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 13 146-151 | 1986 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0001307 | Stishovite | Ross N L, Shu J F, Hazen R M, Gasparik T (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite American Mineralogist 75 739-747 | | 1990 | 1.7 | 293 | |
| 0001308 | Stishovite | Ross N L, Shu J F, Hazen R M, Gasparik T (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite American Mineralogist 75 739-747 | | 1990 | 2.5 | 293 | |
| 0001309 | Stishovite | Ross N L, Shu J F, Hazen R M, Gasparik T (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite American Mineralogist 75 739-747 | | 1990 | 4 | 293 | |
| 0001310 | Stishovite | Ross N L, Shu J F, Hazen R M, Gasparik T (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite American Mineralogist 75 739-747 | | 1990 | 4.7 | 293 | |
| 0008736 | Stishovite | Yamanaka T, Fukuda T, Tsuchiya J (2002) Bonding character of SiO2 stishovite under high pressures up to 30 GPa Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 29 633-641 | 2002 | 5.23 | 293 | ||
| 0001311 | Stishovite | Ross N L, Shu J F, Hazen R M, Gasparik T (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite American Mineralogist 75 739-747 | | 1990 | 9 | 293 | |
| 0008737 | Stishovite | Yamanaka T, Fukuda T, Tsuchiya J (2002) Bonding character of SiO2 stishovite under high pressures up to 30 GPa Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 29 633-641 | 2002 | 9.26 | 293 | ||
| 0001312 | Stishovite | Ross N L, Shu J F, Hazen R M, Gasparik T (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite American Mineralogist 75 739-747 | | 1990 | 11 | 293 | |
| 0008738 | Stishovite | Yamanaka T, Fukuda T, Tsuchiya J (2002) Bonding character of SiO2 stishovite under high pressures up to 30 GPa Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 29 633-641 | 2002 | 12.3 | 293 | ||
| 0001313 | Stishovite | Ross N L, Shu J F, Hazen R M, Gasparik T (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite American Mineralogist 75 739-747 | | 1990 | 15 | 293 | |
| 0008739 | Stishovite | Yamanaka T, Fukuda T, Tsuchiya J (2002) Bonding character of SiO2 stishovite under high pressures up to 30 GPa Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 29 633-641 | 2002 | 29.1 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.959 Å | (100) |
| 1.530 Å | (50) |
| 1.981 Å | (35) |
| 1.235 Å | (25) |
| 2.246 Å | (18) |
| 1.478 Å | (18) |
| 1.870 Å | (13) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration | 4.566-4.550 |
| 6 : Secondary asteroid phases | 4.566-4.560 |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 30 : Terrestrial impact minerals |
Geological Setting:
Meteorite impact craters
Type Occurrence of Stishovite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Aggregates of submicron size.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
n.d.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
A meteor impact crater in sandstone.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Stishovite
Other Language Names for Stishovite
Relationship of Stishovite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Silica:
| Chibaite | SiO2 · n(CH4, C2H6, C3H8, i-C4H10) (n = 3/17 (max)) | Iso. m3(2/m3) : Fd3 |
| Coesite | SiO2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Cristobalite | SiO2 | Tet. 422 : P41212 |
| 'Keatite' | SiO2 | Tet. 422 : P43212 |
| Lechatelierite | SiO2 | Amor. |
| Melanophlogite | 46SiO2 · 6(N2,CO2) · 2(CH4,N2) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) |
| Mogánite | SiO2 | Mon. 2/m |
| 'Opal-AG' | SiO2 · nH2O | |
| 'Opal-AN' | SiO2 · nH2O | |
| 'Opal-C' | SiO2 · nH2O | |
| 'Opal-CT' | SiO2 · nH2O | |
| Quartz | SiO2 | Trig. 32 : P3121 |
| 'Quartz-beta' | SiO2 | Hex. 622 : P6422 |
| Tridymite | SiO2 | Tric. 1 |
| 'β-Cristobalite' | SiO2 | Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m |
| 'β-Tridymite' | SiO2 |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 4 photos of Stishovite associated with 'Kamacite' | (Fe,Ni) |
| 4 photos of Stishovite associated with Taenite | (Ni,Fe) |
| 3 photos of Stishovite associated with Troilite | FeS |
| 3 photos of Stishovite associated with Magadiite | Na2Si14O29 · 11H2O |
| 3 photos of Stishovite associated with Kenyaite | Na2Si22O41(OH)8 · 6H2O |
| 3 photos of Stishovite associated with Coesite | SiO2 |
| 2 photos of Stishovite associated with Pigeonite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| 1 photo of Stishovite associated with Zagamiite | CaAl2Si3.5O11 |
| 1 photo of Stishovite associated with 'Maskelynite' | |
| 1 photo of Stishovite associated with Liebermannite | KAlSi3O8 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.DA. | Bosoite | SiO2 · nCxH2x+2 |
| 4.DA. | Chibaite | SiO2 · n(CH4, C2H6, C3H8, i-C4H10) (n = 3/17 (max)) |
| 4.DA. | 'Carbon Dioxide Ice' | CO2 |
| 4.DA.05 | Quartz | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.10 | Tridymite | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.10 | Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| 4.DA.15 | Cristobalite | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.20 | Mogánite | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.25 | Melanophlogite | 46SiO2 · 6(N2,CO2) · 2(CH4,N2) |
| 4.DA.30 | Lechatelierite | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.35 | Coesite | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.35 | Xiexiandeite | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.45 | 'Keatite' | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.50 | Seifertite | SiO2 |
| 4.DA.55 | 'Quartz-beta' | SiO2 |
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Forms at > 1200C and ~100 kilobars. Metastable, alters above 300C.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Stishovite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3790.html
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References for Stishovite
Reference List:
Chao, E. C. T., Fahey, J. J., Littler, Janet, Milton, D. J. (1962) Stishovite, SiO2, a very high pressure new mineral from Meteor Crater, Arizona. Journal of Geophysical Research, 67 (1) 419-421 doi:10.1029/jz067i001p00419
Fleischer, Michael; Foster, Margaret D. (1962) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 47 (5-6). 805-812 p.807
Chao, E. C. T., Fahey, J. J., Littler, Janet, Milton, D. J. (1962) Stishovite, SiO2, a very high pressure new mineral from Meteor Crater, Arizona. Journal of Geophysical Research, 67 (1) 419-421 doi:10.1029/jz067i001p00419
Fahey, J. J. (1964) Recovery of coesite and stishovite from Coconino Sandstone of Meteor Crater, Arizona. American Mineralogist, 49 (11-12) 1643-1647
Holm, J.L, Kleppa, O.J, Westrum, Edgar F (1967) Thermodynamics of polymorphic transformations in silica. Thermal properties from 5 to 1070° K and pressure-temperature stability fields for coesite and stishovite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 31 (12) 2289-2307 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(67)90003-8
Stöffler, D.; Arndt, J. (1969) Coesit und Stishovit. Die Naturwissenschaften, 56 (3). 100-109 doi:10.1007/bf00601020
SINCLAIR, W., RINGWOOD, A. E. (1978) Single crystal analysis of the structure of stishovite. Nature, 272 (5655). 714-715 doi:10.1038/272714a0
Hemley, R. J., Mao, H -K., Chao, E. C. T. (1986) Raman spectrum of natural and synthetic stishovite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 13 (5) 285-290 doi:10.1007/bf00308345
Ross, Nancy L., Shu, Jin-fu, Hazen, Robert M., Gasparik, Tibor (1990) High-pressure crystal chemistry of stishovite. American Mineralogist, 75 (7-8) 739-747
Hofmeister, A. M., Xu, J., Akimoto, S. (1990) Infrared spectroscopy of synthetic and natural stishovite. American Mineralogist, 75 (9-10) 951-955
Pawley, A. R., McMillan, P. F., Holloway, J. R. (1993) Hydrogen in Stishovite, with Implications for Mantle Water Content. Science, 261 (5124). 1024-1026 doi:10.1126/science.261.5124.1024
Xue, Xianyu; Stebbins, JonathanF.; Kanzaki, Masami (1993) A 29Si MAS NMR study of sub-Tg amorphization of stishovite at ambient pressure. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 19 (7). p.480-485. doi:10.1007/bf00203188
Kingma, Kathleen J., Cohen, Ronald E., Hemley, Russell J., Mao, Ho-kwang (1995) Transformation of stishovite to a denser phase at lower-mantle pressures. Nature, 374 (6519). 243-245 doi:10.1038/374243a0
Lee, Changyol; Gonze, Xavier (1995) The pressure-induced ferroelastic phase transition of SiO2 stishovite. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 7 (19). p.3693-3698. doi:10.1088/0953-8984/7/19/003
Dubrovinsky, L.S., Belonoshko, A.B. (1996) Pressure-induced phase transition and structural changes under deviatoric stress of stishovite to CaCl2-like structure. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60 (19) 3657-3663 doi:10.1016/0016-7037(96)00194-9
Li, Baosheng, Rigden, Sally M., Liebermann, Robert C. (1996) Elasticity of stishovite at high pressure. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 96 (2). 113-127 doi:10.1016/0031-9201(96)03144-5
Zhang, Jianzhong; Li, Baosheng; Utsumi, Wataru; Liebermann, Robert C. (1996) In situ X-ray observations of the coesite-stishovite transition: reversed phase boundary and kinetics. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 23 (1). 1-10 doi:10.1007/bf00202987
Lee, Changyol; Gonze, Xavier (1997) SiO2 stishovite under high pressure: Dielectric and dynamical properties and the ferroelastic phase transition. Physical Review B, 56 (12). p.7321-7330. doi:10.1103/physrevb.56.7321
Liu, Lin-gun; Mernagh, T. P.; Hibberson, W. O. (1997) Raman spectra of high-pressure polymorphs of SiO2 at various temperatures. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 24 (6). 396-402 doi:10.1007/s002690050053
Andrault, Denis; Fiquet, Guillaume; Guyot, François; Hanfland, Michael (1998) Pressure-Induced Landau-Type Transition in Stishovite. Science, 282 (5389). 720-724 doi:10.1126/science.282.5389.720
Carpenter, Michael A.; Hemley, Russell J.; Mao, Ho‐kwang (2000) High‐pressure elasticity of stishovite and the P42/mnm ⇌ Pnnm phase transition. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 105 (B5). p.10807-10816. doi:10.1029/1999jb900419
Chung, Jung In; Kagi, Hiroyuki (2002) High concentration of water in stishovite in the MORB system. Geophysical Research Letters, 29 (21). 16-1-16-4 doi:10.1029/2002gl015579
Andrault, Denis, Angel, Ross J., Mosenfelder, Jed L., Le Bihan, Tristan (2003) Equation of state of stishovite to lower mantle pressures. American Mineralogist, 88 (2) 301-307 doi:10.2138/am-2003-2-307
Panero, Wendy R.; Benedetti, Laura Robin; Jeanloz, Raymond (2003) Equation of state of stishovite and interpretation of SiO2 shock‐compression data. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 108 (B1). doi:10.1029/2001jb001663
Localities for Stishovite
Showing 38 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| Ohtani et al. (2011) |
Brazil | |
| Bulanova et al. (2010) |
| Thomson et al. (2014) | |
| Cid et al. (2014) | |
Canada | |
| Boonsue et al. (2012) |
Egypt | |
| Gian Paolo Sighinolfi et al. (2014) |
Germany | |
| Tschauner +4 other references |
| geosciences.smsu.edu (2004) |
| Stähle et al. (2008) | |
| Thomas et al. (2022) |
India | |
| Ma et al. (2021) |
| Anthony et al. (2016) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Florenskii et al. (1980) |
Morocco | |
| Pang et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
| Baziotis et al. (2013) |
Nigeria | |
| Zhidong Xie et al. (2005) +2 other references |
| Garvie +2 other references |
Northwest Africa Meteorites | |
| www2.jpl.nasa.gov/snc/news51.html | |
| Gu et al. (2025) | |
| Shohei Kaneko et al. (2011) +1 other reference | |
| Barrat et al. (2001) | |
| Jambon et al. (2002) +2 other references | |
| www.lpi.usra.edu (2015) +5 other references | |
Norway | |
| Kvamsdal (2023) |
Russia | |
| GUROV et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Bindi et al. (2011) |
| Zamiatina et al. (2023) |
Saudi Arabia | |
| Gnos et al. (2013) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| www.unb.ca (2002) | |
Sweden | |
| Broman +3 other references |
USA (TL) | |
| Chao et al. (1962) +5 other references |
| |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Corrigan et al. (2005) |
| Zhidong Xie et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
The Moon | |
| Kaneko et al. (2015) |
| Pang et al. (2022) +1 other reference |
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Muonionalusta meteorite, Kitkiöjärvi, Pajala, Norrbotten County, Sweden