Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USAi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Pala Mining District | Mining District |
| San Diego County | County |
| California | State |
| USA | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
33° 21' 55'' North , 117° 4' 36'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Deposit first discovered:
1870 (approx.)
Köppen climate type:
Summary:
The Pala district in northwestern San Diego County, California, has been a widely known source of gem and lithium minerals. Formal mining operations began in the 1870s, but the most active period was from 1900 to 1922. Several underground gemstone mining operations on Tourmaline Queen Mountain and Chief Mountain persist to this day.
The Pala district has been the subject of many science- and industry-based reports, focusing on gemology, mineralogy, petrology, physics and other facets relating to the 400 or so rare earth element (REE) pegmatite dikes (outcrops, veins, ledges, bodies, deposits, lodes etc.).
The area is also often referred to as the Pala Gem Mining District, or the Pala Pegmatite District. It is a common misconception that the term "district" is an official designation. The Pala area was never established as an organized mining district, and as such all mining claim documents pertaining to the statutes of the United States and California were filed with the Office of the County Clerk.
The Pala Band of Mission Indians, whose reservation was established for the benefit of the Cupeño and Luiseño Indians in 1891, had encompassed most of the mineral lands typically referred to as the Pala District or Pala Mining District by 1903. By the year 2000, several subsequent Acts of Congress had appropriated all the remaining public lands once open to mineral entry under the general mining laws for the benefit of the Mission Indians. This excluded the federal mineral patents issued between 1913 and 1979 from the transfer.
Because of the significance of the Pala district's impact on San Diego's history and economy, the County's regional land use plan recognizes the importance of the gem mines in Pala. It generally encourages the immediate development of the eight federal mineral patents.
United States Mineral Patents granted in the Pala mining district by date issued:
1913 — Tourmaline King lode by F. B. Schuyler
1914 — Ed Fletcher Jr. lode by Ed Fletcher
1949 — Stewart Mine lode by Blanche C. Crane
1949 — Hiriart lode by George A. Ashley
1955 — Tourmaline Queen & Tourmaline Queen No. 3 lodes, Pala Chief lode, Goddess lode by Mildred S. Wear and Margaret S. Moore (Frank A. Salmons heirs)
1979 — Oceanview lode by Roland Reed
The Pala district in northwestern San Diego County, California, has been a widely known source of gem and lithium minerals. Formal mining operations began in the 1870s, but the most active period was from 1900 to 1922. Several underground gemstone mining operations on Tourmaline Queen Mountain and Chief Mountain persist to this day.
The Pala district has been the subject of many science- and industry-based reports, focusing on gemology, mineralogy, petrology, physics and other facets relating to the 400 or so rare earth element (REE) pegmatite dikes (outcrops, veins, ledges, bodies, deposits, lodes etc.).
The area is also often referred to as the Pala Gem Mining District, or the Pala Pegmatite District. It is a common misconception that the term "district" is an official designation. The Pala area was never established as an organized mining district, and as such all mining claim documents pertaining to the statutes of the United States and California were filed with the Office of the County Clerk.
The Pala Band of Mission Indians, whose reservation was established for the benefit of the Cupeño and Luiseño Indians in 1891, had encompassed most of the mineral lands typically referred to as the Pala District or Pala Mining District by 1903. By the year 2000, several subsequent Acts of Congress had appropriated all the remaining public lands once open to mineral entry under the general mining laws for the benefit of the Mission Indians. This excluded the federal mineral patents issued between 1913 and 1979 from the transfer.
Because of the significance of the Pala district's impact on San Diego's history and economy, the County's regional land use plan recognizes the importance of the gem mines in Pala. It generally encourages the immediate development of the eight federal mineral patents.
United States Mineral Patents granted in the Pala mining district by date issued:
1913 — Tourmaline King lode by F. B. Schuyler
1914 — Ed Fletcher Jr. lode by Ed Fletcher
1949 — Stewart Mine lode by Blanche C. Crane
1949 — Hiriart lode by George A. Ashley
1955 — Tourmaline Queen & Tourmaline Queen No. 3 lodes, Pala Chief lode, Goddess lode by Mildred S. Wear and Margaret S. Moore (Frank A. Salmons heirs)
1979 — Oceanview lode by Roland Reed
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities95 valid minerals. 2 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals. 1 (FRL) - first recorded locality of unapproved mineral/variety/etc. 2 erroneous literature entries.
Rock Types Recorded
Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Native Iron | 1.AE.05 | Fe |
| ⓘ | Native Bismuth | 1.CA.05 | Bi |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
| ⓘ | Digenite | 2.BA.10 | Cu9S5 |
| ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ | Bismuthinite | 2.DB.05 | Bi2S3 |
| ⓘ | Molybdenite | 2.EA.30 | MoS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Marcasite | 2.EB.10a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Löllingite | 2.EB.15a | FeAs2 |
| ⓘ | Arsenopyrite | 2.EB.20 | FeAsS |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | 'Microlite Group' | 4.00. | A2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n |
| ⓘ | Gahnite | 4.BB.05 | ZnAl2O4 |
| ⓘ | Hercynite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Spinel | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 |
| ⓘ | var. Pleonaste | 4.BB.05 | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Bismite | 4.CB.60 | Bi2O3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz var. Chalcedony | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Citrine | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 | |
| ⓘ | var. Rose Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Smoky Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Rock Crystal | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Opal | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Cassiterite | 4.DB.05 | SnO2 |
| ⓘ | Columbite-(Fe) | 4.DB.35 | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| ⓘ | Columbite-(Mn) | 4.DB.35 | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| ⓘ | Tantalite-(Mn) | 4.DB.35 | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| ⓘ | Bismutotantalite | 4.DE.30 | BiTaO4 |
| ⓘ | Stibiotantalite | 4.DE.30 | Sb3+TaO4 |
| ⓘ | Cryptomelane | 4.DK.05a | K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16 |
| ⓘ | Todorokite | 4.DK.10 | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| ⓘ | Goethite | 4.FD.10 | Fe3+O(OH) |
| ⓘ | Manganite | 4.FD.15 | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Siderite | 5.AB.05 | FeCO3 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Bismutite | 5.BE.25 | (BiO)2CO3 |
| ⓘ | Beyerite | 5.BE.35 | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| Group 6 - Borates | |||
| ⓘ | Hambergite | 6.AB.05 | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Chalcoalumite | 7.DD.75 | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Heterosite | 8.AB.10 | Fe3+(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Lithiophilite | 8.AB.10 | LiMn2+PO4 |
| ⓘ | Purpurite | 8.AB.10 | Mn3+(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite (TL) | 8.AB.10 | Li1-x(Mn3+xMn2+1-x)PO4 |
| ⓘ | Triphylite | 8.AB.10 | LiFe2+PO4 |
| ⓘ | Pucherite | 8.AD.40 | Bi(VO4) |
| ⓘ | Clinobisvanite | 8.AD.65 | Bi(VO4) |
| ⓘ | Amblygonite | 8.BB.05 | LiAl(PO4)F |
| ⓘ | Montebrasite | 8.BB.05 | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Triplite | 8.BB.10 | Mn2+2(PO4)F |
| ⓘ | Namibite | 8.BB.50 | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Pseudomalachite | 8.BD.05 | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| ⓘ | Hopeite | 8.CA.30 | ZnZn2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Hureaulite | 8.CB.10 | Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Phosphosiderite | 8.CD.05 | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Strengite | 8.CD.10 | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Ludlamite | 8.CD.20 | Fe2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Vivianite | 8.CE.40 | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Fairfieldite | 8.CG.05 | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Greifensteinite | 8.DA.10 | Ca2Fe2+5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Bermanite | 8.DC.20 | Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Strunzite | 8.DC.25 | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Stewartite (TL) | 8.DC.30 | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Leucophosphite | 8.DH.10 | KFe3+2(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) (TL) | 8.DH.15 | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn2+2}{Fe3+2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Wardite | 8.DL.10 | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Phenakite | 9.AA.05 | Be2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Andradite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Almandine | 9.AD.25 | Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Grossular | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | var. Hessonite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Spessartine | 9.AD.25 | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Grossular var. Magnesium-bearing Grossular | 9.AD.25 | (Ca,Mg)3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Eulytine | 9.AD.40 | Bi4(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Andalusite | 9.AF.10 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Kyanite ? | 9.AF.15 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Topaz | 9.AF.35 | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Bertrandite | 9.BD.05 | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Clinozoisite | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Beryl var. Aquamarine | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) | |
| ⓘ | var. Morganite | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | var. Heliodor | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | var. Goshenite | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | Elbaite | 9.CK.05 | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Foitite | 9.CK.05 | ◻(Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Schorl | 9.CK.05 | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Luinaite-(OH)' | 9.CK.05 | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Spodumene var. Kunzite | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 | |
| ⓘ | var. Hiddenite | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Bavenite | 9.DF.25 | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Sericite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Lithian Muscovite ? | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | var. Star muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Montmorillonite | 9.EC.40 | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Swinefordite | 9.EC.45 | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Vermiculite | 9.EC.50 | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Cookeite | 9.EC.55 | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Tosudite | 9.EC.60 | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | var. Lithium Tosudite | 9.EC.60 | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| ⓘ | Kaolinite | 9.ED.05 | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Halloysite | 9.ED.10 | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · n(H2O) |
| ⓘ | 'Hydrohalloysite' | 9.ED.10 | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Chrysocolla | 9.ED.20 | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| ⓘ | Petalite | 9.EF.05 | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Orthoclase | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Oligoclase | 9.FA.35 | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| ⓘ | var. Cleavelandite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Helvine | 9.FB.10 | Be3Mn2+4(SiO4)3S |
| ⓘ | Pollucite | 9.GB.05 | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Laumontite | 9.GB.10 | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline var. Achroite' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Clay minerals' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Heulandite Subgroup' | - | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| ⓘ | 'Hypersthene' | - | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline var. Indicolite' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Lepidolite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Monazite Group' | - | REE(PO4) |
| ⓘ | 'Psilomelane' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline var. Rubellite' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Stilbite Subgroup' | - | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| ⓘ | 'Tantalite' | - | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'var. Verdelite' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Zinnwaldite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Mica Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Almandine-Spessartine Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Amblygonite-Montebrasite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Elbaite-Schorl Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Hornblende Root Name Group' | - | ◻Ca2(C2+4C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2 |
| ⓘ | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Pyroxene Group' | - | ADSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | 'Columbite-Tantalite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline var. Watermelon Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmalinated Quartz' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Manganese Oxides var. Manganese Dendrites' | - | |
| ⓘ | '' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Salmonsite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| ⓘ | 'Jahnsite Group' | - | XM1M22M32(H2O)8(OH)2(PO4)4 |
| ⓘ | 'Allanite Group' | - | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Bermanite | Mn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | ⓘ Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| H | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Halloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · n(H2O) |
| H | ⓘ Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Hopeite | ZnZn2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Leucophosphite | KFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Ludlamite | Fe32+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Vivianite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Zinnwaldite | |
| H | ⓘ Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Amblygonite-Montebrasite Series | |
| H | ⓘ Elbaite-Schorl Series | |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Hydrohalloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Lithian Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Jahnsite Group | XM1M22M32(H2O)8(OH)2(PO4)4 |
| H | ⓘ Luinaite-(OH) | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Star muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Li | Lithium | |
| Li | ⓘ Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| Li | ⓘ Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| Li | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Li | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Li | ⓘ Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| Li | ⓘ Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| Li | ⓘ Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| Li | ⓘ Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| Li | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Li | ⓘ Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| Li | ⓘ Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| Li | ⓘ Zinnwaldite | |
| Li | ⓘ Spodumene var. Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Li | ⓘ Amblygonite-Montebrasite Series | |
| Li | ⓘ Elbaite-Schorl Series | |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Be | ⓘ Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| Be | ⓘ Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Achroite | |
| B | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Indicolite | |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Rubellite | |
| B | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Verdelite | |
| B | ⓘ Elbaite-Schorl Series | |
| B | ⓘ Luinaite-(OH) | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| O | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Achroite | |
| O | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Bermanite | Mn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Bismutotantalite | BiTaO4 |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | ⓘ Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Citrine | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
| O | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Cryptomelane | K(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| O | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Eulytine | Bi4(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| O | ⓘ Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Halloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · n(H2O) |
| O | ⓘ Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Heterosite | Fe3+(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Hopeite | ZnZn2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Indicolite | |
| O | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Leucophosphite | KFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| O | ⓘ Ludlamite | Fe32+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Monazite Group | REE(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| O | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| O | ⓘ Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| O | ⓘ Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Rubellite | |
| O | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| O | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Stibiotantalite | Sb3+TaO4 |
| O | ⓘ Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| O | ⓘ Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Verdelite | |
| O | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Vivianite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Zinnwaldite | |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Spodumene var. Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Almandine-Spessartine Series | |
| O | ⓘ Amblygonite-Montebrasite Series | |
| O | ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series | |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| O | ⓘ Elbaite-Schorl Series | |
| O | ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| O | ⓘ Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Hydrohalloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Lithian Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| O | ⓘ Jahnsite Group | XM1M22M32(H2O)8(OH)2(PO4)4 |
| O | ⓘ Luinaite-(OH) | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| O | ⓘ Grossular var. Magnesium-bearing Grossular | (Ca,Mg)3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Star muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| F | ⓘ Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| F | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| F | ⓘ Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| F | ⓘ Zinnwaldite | |
| F | ⓘ Amblygonite-Montebrasite Series | |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Na | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Na | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Na | ⓘ Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Elbaite-Schorl Series | |
| Na | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Na | ⓘ Luinaite-(OH) | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series | |
| Mg | ⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Grossular var. Magnesium-bearing Grossular | (Ca,Mg)3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| Al | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Al | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Halloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · n(H2O) |
| Al | ⓘ Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Al | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Al | ⓘ Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Al | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Al | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| Al | ⓘ Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Al | ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Zinnwaldite | |
| Al | ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Spodumene var. Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Al | ⓘ Almandine-Spessartine Series | |
| Al | ⓘ Amblygonite-Montebrasite Series | |
| Al | ⓘ Elbaite-Schorl Series | |
| Al | ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2 |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Al | ⓘ Hydrohalloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Lithian Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Luinaite-(OH) | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Grossular var. Magnesium-bearing Grossular | (Ca,Mg)3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Star muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Citrine | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Cookeite | (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Eulytine | Bi4(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Halloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · n(H2O) |
| Si | ⓘ Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| Si | ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| Si | ⓘ Kaolinite | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Si | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Petalite | LiAl(Si4O10) |
| Si | ⓘ Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Rose Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Swinefordite | Li(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Zinnwaldite | |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Spodumene var. Hiddenite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Almandine-Spessartine Series | |
| Si | ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series | |
| Si | ⓘ Elbaite-Schorl Series | |
| Si | ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Pyroxene Group | ADSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Hydrohalloysite | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Lithian Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Luinaite-(OH) | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Grossular var. Magnesium-bearing Grossular | (Ca,Mg)3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Star muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| P | ⓘ Bermanite | Mn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| P | ⓘ Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| P | ⓘ Heterosite | Fe3+(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| P | ⓘ Hopeite | ZnZn2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| P | ⓘ Leucophosphite | KFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| P | ⓘ Ludlamite | Fe32+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| P | ⓘ Monazite Group | REE(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| P | ⓘ Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| P | ⓘ Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| P | ⓘ Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| P | ⓘ Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| P | ⓘ Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| P | ⓘ Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| P | ⓘ Vivianite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| P | ⓘ Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| P | ⓘ Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| P | ⓘ Amblygonite-Montebrasite Series | |
| P | ⓘ Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| P | ⓘ Jahnsite Group | XM1M22M32(H2O)8(OH)2(PO4)4 |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| S | ⓘ Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| S | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| S | ⓘ Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| S | ⓘ Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| S | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | ⓘ Cryptomelane | K(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| K | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| K | ⓘ Leucophosphite | KFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| K | ⓘ Zinnwaldite | |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Lithian Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Star muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Ca | ⓘ Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Ca | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group | ◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Ca | ⓘ Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| Ca | ⓘ Grossular var. Magnesium-bearing Grossular | (Ca,Mg)3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | ⓘ Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
| V | ⓘ Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| V | ⓘ Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Bermanite | Mn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Cryptomelane | K(Mn74+Mn3+)O16 |
| Mn | ⓘ Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Helvine | Be3Mn42+(SiO4)3S |
| Mn | ⓘ Hureaulite | Mn52+(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Mn | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| Mn | ⓘ Lithiophilite var. Sicklerite | Li1-x(Mnx3+Mn2+1-x)PO4 |
| Mn | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Mn | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Triplite | Mn22+(PO4)F |
| Mn | ⓘ Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Mn | ⓘ Almandine-Spessartine Series | |
| Mn | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| Fe | ⓘ Almandine | Fe32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Foitite | ◻(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Heterosite | Fe3+(PO4) |
| Fe | ⓘ Hypersthene | (Mg,Fe)SiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Native Iron | Fe |
| Fe | ⓘ Leucophosphite | KFe23+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Löllingite | FeAs2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ludlamite | Fe32+(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Siderite | FeCO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Stewartite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Strunzite | Mn2+Fe23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Vivianite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Zinnwaldite | |
| Fe | ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste | (Mg,Fe)Al2O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Jahnsite-(MnMnMn) | {Mn2+}{Mn2+}{Mn22+}{Fe23+}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Almandine-Spessartine Series | |
| Fe | ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series | |
| Fe | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Fe | ⓘ Elbaite-Schorl Series | |
| Fe | ⓘ Greifensteinite | Ca2Fe52+Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Luinaite-(OH) | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcoalumite | CuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| Cu | ⓘ Chrysocolla | Cu2-xAlx(H2-xSi2O5)(OH)4 · nH2O, x < 1 |
| Cu | ⓘ Digenite | Cu9S5 |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| Cu | ⓘ Pseudomalachite | Cu5(PO4)2(OH)4 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
| Zn | ⓘ Hopeite | ZnZn2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| As | ⓘ Löllingite | FeAs2 |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Mn) | Mn2+Nb2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| Sn | Tin | |
| Sn | ⓘ Cassiterite | SnO2 |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | ⓘ Stibiotantalite | Sb3+TaO4 |
| Cs | Caesium | |
| Cs | ⓘ Pollucite | (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Todorokite | (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O |
| Ta | Tantalum | |
| Ta | ⓘ Bismutotantalite | BiTaO4 |
| Ta | ⓘ Tantalite-(Mn) | Mn2+Ta2O6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Microlite Group | A2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n |
| Ta | ⓘ Stibiotantalite | Sb3+TaO4 |
| Ta | ⓘ Tantalite | (Mn,Fe)(Ta,Nb)2O6 |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | ⓘ Beyerite | Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2 |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismutotantalite | BiTaO4 |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Native Bismuth | Bi |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
| Bi | ⓘ Eulytine | Bi4(SiO4)3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| Bi | ⓘ Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
Mindat Articles
Bismuth Ochers from San Diego Co., California by W. T. Schaller 1910 by Scott L. RitchieKunzite the Precious by William B. Gross 1905 by Scott L. Ritchie
R. H. Jahns—Pegmatite Geology, Pala, San Diego, California by P. A. Saylor 1947 by Scott L. Ritchie
Localities in this Region
- California
- San Diego County
- Pala Mining District
- ⭔Pala
- Chief Mountain
- Blanket prospects
- Butterfly prospect
- Crystal King prospects
- Elizabeth R. Mine (Hazel W. claim)
- Francis prospect
- Goddess Mine (Goddess prospect; MS 6452)
- Jackpot Tunnel prospect (Butterfly prospect)
- Lower Salmons View prospect
- Margarita Mine
- Meadow prospects
- North End prospects
- Oceanview Mine (MS 6452; MS 6848; Ocean View Mine)
- Olla prospect
- Pala Chief Mine
- Redlands King prospect
- Redwing prospects (Redlands prospects; Redwings prospects)
- Verdant View prospect (Anita prospect)
- West Knickerbocker prospect
- Hiriart Mountain
- Chief Mountain
- ⭔Pala
- Pala Mining District
- San Diego County
- California
- San Diego County
- Pala Mining District
- Pala
- Hiriart Mountain
- Sempe Mine (Sempa mine; Senpa mine; Senpe mine)
- Vanderberg-Katerina pegmatites
- White Queen Mine
- Little Chief Mountain
- N. S. Weaver Ranch
- Pala Mountain
- Slice Mountain
- Tourmaline Queen Mountain (Pala Mtn; Queen Mtn)
- Douglass Extension prospect
- Douglass Mine
- Ed Fletcher Jr. Mine
- Gem Star Mine
- Green Cabin Mine
- Happy Hooligan prospect
- Homestake prospect
- Maud prospects
- Mission Mine
- North Douglass prospect
- Pala Douglass Mine
- Pala King prospect
- Pala View Mine
- Pasture prospect
- Stewart Mine
- Tourmaline King Mine
- Tourmaline Queen Mine
- West Canyon prospect
- White Cloud Mine
- Hiriart Mountain
- Pala
- Pala Mining District
- San Diego County
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
North AmericaContinent
North America Plate
- Franciscan DomainDomain
- Peninsular Ranges BatholithVolcanic Arc
- Southern California Borderland BasinsBasin
Pacific PlateTectonic Plate
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References
Schaller, W. T. (1911) Mineralogical notes, series 1. Bulletin 490. US Geological Survey 109 pp. doi:10.3133/b490 pp.72-79 - (Notes on purpurite and heterosite)
Schaller, Waldemar T., Fairchild, John G. (1932) Bavenite, a beryllium mineral, pseudomorphous after beryl, from California. American Mineralogist, 17 (9) 409-422
Stevens, R. E., Schaller, W. T. (1942) The rare alkalies in micas. American Mineralogist, 27 (8) 525-537
Jahns, Richard H., Wright, Lauren A. (1951) Gem- and Lithium-Bearing Pegmatites of the Pala District, San Diego County, California. Special Report 7-A. Mineralogical Society of Southern California 72 pp.
Pala Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA