Löllingite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Löllingite
19th century iron ore grinding mill
Lölling mining district, Hüttenberger Erzberg, Hüttenberg, Sankt Veit an der Glan District, Carinthia, Austria
Lölling mining district, Hüttenberger Erzberg, Hüttenberg, Sankt Veit an der Glan District, Carinthia, Austria
Formula:
FeAs2
May contain minor S.
Colour:
Steel gray to silver white
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Specific Gravity:
7.43
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1845 by Wilhelm Karl von Haidinger for the type locality at the Wolfbau Mine, Lölling District, Hüttenberger Erzberg, Hüttenberg, Friesach - Hüttenberg area, Carinthia, Austria.
Löllingite Group.
Forms a series with safflorite and can also contain considerable amounts of nickel (solid solution with rammelsbergite).
May be confused with arsenopyrite.
Forms a series with safflorite and can also contain considerable amounts of nickel (solid solution with rammelsbergite).
May be confused with arsenopyrite.
Name Encoding
ASCII-7:
Lollingite
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2426
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2426:2
IMA Classification of Löllingite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Fe3+(As2)3-
Classification of Löllingite
2.EB.15a
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
B : M:S = 1:2, with Fe, Co, Ni, PGE, etc.
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
B : M:S = 1:2, with Fe, Co, Ni, PGE, etc.
2.12.2.9
2 : SULFIDES
12 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2
2 : SULFIDES
12 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2
3.9.11
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
9 : Sulphides etc. of Fe
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
9 : Sulphides etc. of Fe
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Lö | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Lo | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
| Lo | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Lo | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Lol | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of Löllingite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Löllingite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Steel gray to silver white
Streak:
Greyish black
Hardness:
5 - 5½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=859 - 920 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Distinct on {010}{101}
Distinct on {010}{101}
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
7.43 g/cm3 (Measured) 7.472 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Löllingite
Anisotropism:
Strong
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 51.6% | 59.7% |
| 420nm | 52.0% | 59.9% |
| 440nm | 52.6% | 59.8% |
| 460nm | 53.1% | 58.8% |
| 480nm | 53.7% | 57.6% |
| 500nm | 54.2% | 56.2% |
| 520nm | 54.8% | 54.9% |
| 540nm | 55.4% | 53.7% |
| 560nm | 55.9% | 52.7% |
| 580nm | 56.3% | 51.8% |
| 600nm | 56.3% | 51.1% |
| 620nm | 55.9% | 50.4% |
| 640nm | 55.2% | 49.8% |
| 660nm | 54.5% | 49.3% |
| 680nm | 53.6% | 48.7% |
| 700nm | 53.1% | 48.4% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 59.9%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Chemistry of Löllingite
Mindat Formula:
FeAs2
May contain minor S.
May contain minor S.
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Bi
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| Fe | 27.31 % |
| Co | 1.29 % |
| As | 67.60 % |
| S | 2.77 % |
| Total: | 98.97 % |
Empirical formulas:
| Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
|---|---|
| 1 | Fe0.96Co0.04As1.76S0.17 |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nedre Lapplægeret Quarry, Lapplægeret, Drag, Hamarøy, Nordland, Norway | Chemical analysis by E. Christensen 1953 |
Crystallography of Löllingite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnnm
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.300 Å, b = 5.983 Å, c = 2.882 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.886 : 1 : 0.482
Unit Cell V:
91.39 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Prismatic, may be very similar to arsenopyrite.
Twinning:
On {001}, possibly trillings, polysynthetic on {101}
Crystallographic forms of Löllingite
Crystal Atlas:
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Löllingite - Prismatic {011}
Löllingite - Prismatic {110}
Löllingite - {110}, {101}, {011}, modified
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by
www.smorf.nl.
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Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.97 Å | (3) |
| 2.989 Å | (5) |
| 2.651 Å | (7) |
| 2.605 Å | (100) |
| 2.599 Å | (60) |
| 2.532 Å | (60) |
| 2.421 Å | (30) |
| 2.331 Å | (65) |
| 1.984 Å | (9) |
| 1.932 Å | (7) |
| 1.867 Å | (20) |
| 1.8543 Å | (30) |
| 1.6945 Å | (25) |
| 1.6401 Å | (25) |
| 1.6344 Å | (35) |
| 1.5934 Å | (7) |
| 1.5669 Å | (11) |
| 1.5059 Å | (9) |
| 1.4960 Å | (7) |
| 1.4413 Å | (9) |
| 1.3454 Å | (7) |
| 1.3224 Å | (5) |
| 1.3030 Å | (7) |
| 1.2942 Å | (9) |
| 1.2660 Å | (3) |
| 1.2612 Å | (11) |
| 1.2388 Å | (7) |
| 1.2116 Å | (2) |
| 1.1870 Å | (5) |
| 1.1802 Å | (5) |
| 1.1671 Å | (7) |
| 1.1659 Å | (7) |
| 1.1407 Å | (9) |
| 1.1167 Å | (9) |
| 1.1052 Å | (7) |
| 1.1036 Å | (5) |
| 1.0977 Å | (9) |
| 1.0906 Å | (5) |
| 1.0820 Å | (7) |
Comments:
ICDD 11-699 (synthetic)
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33) | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Type Occurrence of Löllingite
Synonyms of Löllingite
Other Language Names for Löllingite
Dutch:Löllingiet
French:Fer Arsenical (in part)
German:Löllingit
Arseneisen
Arsenikeisen
Arsenosiderit
Asenosiderit
Axotomer Arsenikkies
Hüttenbergit
Leucopurit
Leukopyrit
Loellingit
Pharmakopyrit
Saetersbergit
Sätersbergit
Glanzarsenikkies (in part)
Glanzarsenkies (in part)
Arseneisen
Arsenikeisen
Arsenosiderit
Asenosiderit
Axotomer Arsenikkies
Hüttenbergit
Leucopurit
Leukopyrit
Loellingit
Pharmakopyrit
Saetersbergit
Sätersbergit
Glanzarsenikkies (in part)
Glanzarsenkies (in part)
Russian:Леллингит
Simplified Chinese:斜方砷铁矿
Spanish:Löllingita
Swedish:Leucopyrit
Varieties of Löllingite
| Chathamite | Shepard (1844) gave the name to an orthorhombic nickel-iron diarsenide which Holmes (1947) showed to be a Ni-bearing löllingite. Chathamite was later thought to be the iron member of an isometric diarsenide series that included chloanthite = nickelskutte... |
| Cobalt-bearing Löllingite | A cobalt-bearing variety of löllingite. |
| Geyerite | A S-bearing variety containing up to 6.73% S. Named after Geyer, Erzgebirge. |
| Glaucopyrite | A Co-bearing löllingite with up to 6.44% Co. |
| Pacite | Probably a sulphur-rich variety of loellingite. |
Relationship of Löllingite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Löllingite Group:
| Alloclasite | Co1-xFexAsS | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| Anduoite | RuAs2 | Orth. |
| Clinosafflorite | CoAs2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Costibite | CoSbS | Orth. mm2 : Pmn21 |
| Nisbite | NiSb2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm |
| Oenite | CoSbAs | Orth. |
| Omeiite | OsAs2 | Orth. |
| Paracostibite | CoSbS | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca |
| Pararammelsbergite | NiAs2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca |
| Rammelsbergite | NiAs2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm |
| Safflorite | (Co,Ni,Fe)As2 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm |
| 'UM1998-01-AsSb:CoFeNi' | (Fe,Ni)SbAs |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 281 photos of Löllingite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 171 photos of Löllingite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 156 photos of Löllingite associated with Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| 135 photos of Löllingite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 95 photos of Löllingite associated with Stibarsen | AsSb |
| 86 photos of Löllingite associated with Dyscrasite | Ag3Sb |
| 77 photos of Löllingite associated with Native Arsenic | As |
| 77 photos of Löllingite associated with Galena | PbS |
| 73 photos of Löllingite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 73 photos of Löllingite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.EB. | Selenolaurite | RuSe2 |
| 2.EB. | Andrieslombaardite | RhSbS |
| 2.EB. | Iridarsenite | (Ir,Ru)As2 |
| 2.EB. | Kanatzidisite | (SbBiS3)2Te2 |
| 2.EB.05a | Vaesite | NiS2 |
| 2.EB.05a | Hauerite | MnS2 |
| 2.EB.05a | Laurite | RuS2 |
| 2.EB.05a | Gaotaiite | Ir3Te8 |
| 2.EB.05a | Penroseite | (Ni,Co,Cu)Se2 |
| 2.EB.05a | Fukuchilite | Cu3FeS8 |
| 2.EB.05a | Villamanínite | (Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S2 |
| 2.EB.05a | Erlichmanite | OsS2 |
| 2.EB.05a | Sperrylite | PtAs2 |
| 2.EB.05a | Geversite | PtSb2 |
| 2.EB.05a | Cattierite | CoS2 |
| 2.EB.05a | Aurostibite | AuSb2 |
| 2.EB.05a | Trogtalite | CoSe2 |
| 2.EB.05a v | 'Cayeuxite' | |
| 2.EB.05a | Kruťaite | CuSe2 |
| 2.EB.05a | Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 2.EB.05a | Insizwaite | PtBi2 |
| 2.EB.05b | Bambollaite | Cu(Se,Te)2 |
| 2.EB.05a | Dzharkenite | FeSe2 |
| 2.EB.10a | Marcasite | FeS2 |
| 2.EB.10e | Paracostibite | CoSbS |
| 2.EB.10f | Oenite | CoSbAs |
| 2.EB.10e | Pararammelsbergite | NiAs2 |
| 2.EB.10a | Mattagamite | CoTe2 |
| 2.EB.10a | Frohbergite | FeTe2 |
| 2.EB.10d | Costibite | CoSbS |
| 2.EB.10b | Alloclasite | Co1-xFexAsS |
| 2.EB.10c | Glaucodot | (Co0.50Fe0.50)AsS |
| 2.EB.10a | Petříčekite | CuSe2 |
| 2.EB.10a | Kullerudite | NiSe2 |
| 2.EB.10a | Ferroselite | FeSe2 |
| 2.EB.15b | Seinäjokite | FeSb2 |
| 2.EB.15a | Rammelsbergite | NiAs2 |
| 2.EB.15a | Clinosafflorite | CoAs2 |
| 2.EB.15c | Paxite | CuAs2 |
| 2.EB.15a | Nisbite | NiSb2 |
| 2.EB.15a | Safflorite | (Co,Ni,Fe)As2 |
| 2.EB.15a | Omeiite | OsAs2 |
| 2.EB.15a | Anduoite | RuAs2 |
| 2.EB.20 | Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
| 2.EB.20 | Ruarsite | (Ru,Os)AsS |
| 2.EB.20 | Osarsite | (Os,Ru)AsS |
| 2.EB.20 | Gudmundite | FeSbS |
| 2.EB.25 | Mayingite | IrBiTe |
| 2.EB.25 | Maslovite | PtBiTe |
| 2.EB.25 | Paragersdorffite | Ni(As,S)2 |
| 2.EB.25 | Orthogersdorffite | NiAsS |
| 2.EB.25 | Sulfopadmaite | PdBiS |
| 2.EB.25 | Jolliffeite | NiAsSe |
| 2.EB.25 | Cobaltite | CoAsS |
| 2.EB.25 | Guixiangite | NiBiS |
| 2.EB.25 | Testibiopalladite | PdSbTe |
| 2.EB.25 va | 'Antimony-bearing Gersdorffite' | Ni(As,Sb)S |
| 2.EB.25 | Kalungaite | PdAsSe |
| 2.EB.25 | Hollingworthite | (Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS |
| 2.EB.25 | Michenerite | PdBiTe |
| 2.EB.25 | Gersdorffite | NiAsS |
| 2.EB.25 | Milotaite | PdSbSe |
| 2.EB.25 | Tolovkite | IrSbS |
| 2.EB.25 | 'Platarsite' | Pt(As,S)2 |
| 2.EB.25 | Willyamite | CoSbS |
| 2.EB.25 | Changchengite | IrBiS |
| 2.EB.25 | Kvačekite | NiSbSe |
| 2.EB.25 | Krutovite | NiAs2 |
| 2.EB.25 | Padmaite | PdBiSe |
| 2.EB.25 | Ullmannite | NiSbS |
| 2.EB.25 | Irarsite | (Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS |
| 2.EB.30 | Urvantsevite | Pd(Bi,Pb)2 |
| 2.EB.35 | Rheniite | ReS2 |
Fluorescence of Löllingite
Not fluorescent in ultraviolet light
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Löllingite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2426.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Löllingite
Reference List:
Radcliffe, Dennis, Berry, L. G. (1968) The safflorite-loellingite solid solution series. American Mineralogist, 53 (11-12) 1856-1881
Kjekshus, Arne, Rakke, Trond, Andresen, Arne F., Southern, J. T. (1974) Compounds with the Marcasite Type Crystal Structure. IX. Structural Data for FeAs2, FeSe2, NiAs2, NiSb2, and CuSe2. Acta Chemica Scandinavica, 28. 996-1000 doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.28a-0996
Kjekshus, Arne; Peterzéns, Per G.; Rakke, Trond; Andresen, Arne F.; Hoyer, Eberhard; Spiridonov, V. P.; Strand, T. G. (1979) Compounds with the marcasite type crystal structure. XIII. Structural and magnetic properties of CrtFe1-tAs2, CrtFe1-tSb2, Fe1-tNitAs2 and Fe1-t NitSb2. Acta Chemica Scandinavica, A33. 469-480 doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.33a-0469
Localities for Löllingite
Showing 1,039 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Huanggang Fe-Sn deposit, Hexigten Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, China