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Hollingworthite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Photos of Hollingworthite (8)Discuss Hollingworthite

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Hollingworthite, etc.

Fedorovo-Pansky massif, Murmansk Oblast, Russia

Hollingworthite, etc.

Wolfsbach, Drosendorf-Zissersdorf, Horn District, Lower Austria, Austria

Hollingworthite, etc.

Wolfsbach, Drosendorf-Zissersdorf, Horn District, Lower Austria, Austria

Hollingworthite, etc.

Fedorovo-Pansky massif, Murmansk Oblast, Russia

Hollingworthite, etc.

Wolfsbach, Drosendorf-Zissersdorf, Horn District, Lower Austria, Austria

Hollingworthite, etc.

Wolfsbach, Drosendorf-Zissersdorf, Horn District, Lower Austria, Austria

Hollingworthite, etc.

Fedorovo-Pansky massif, Murmansk Oblast, Russia

Hollingworthite, etc.

Wolfsbach, Drosendorf-Zissersdorf, Horn District, Lower Austria, Austria

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About HollingworthiteHide

Sidney Ewart Hollingworth

Formula:

(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS

Colour:

Medium gray, slight bluish tint in oil

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

6 - 6½

Specific Gravity:

7.86 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Cobaltite Group

Name:

Named in 1965 by Eugen Friedrich Stumpfl and Andrew M. Clark in honor of Sidney Ewart Hollingworth [November 7, 1899 Flore, Northamptonshire, England, UK - June 23, 1966], professor of geology at University College, London, England, UK. Hollingworth specialized in the Pleistocene geology of Northern United Kingdom. The Hollingworth Cliffs in Antarctica are also named for him.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Driekop Mine, Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality, Sekhukhune District Municipality, Limpopo, South Africa

Hollingworthite-Irarsite Series.

An Sb analogue may be known (UM1976-16-S:IrRhSb).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

1922

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1922:0

IMA Classification of HollingworthiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Rh³⁺(AsS)^3-

Approval year:

1964

First published:

1965

Type description reference:

Stumpfl, E. H., Clark, A. M. (1965) Hollingworthite, a new rhodium mineral, identified by electron probe microanalysis. American Mineralogist, 50 (7-8). 1068-1074

Classification of HollingworthiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.EB.25

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
B : M:S = 1:2, with Fe, Co, Ni, PGE, etc.

Dana 8th ed.:

2.12.3.8

2 : SULFIDES
12 : A_mB_nX_p, with (m+n):p = 1:2

Hey's CIM Ref.:

3.12.12

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Hlw	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Hlw	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of HollingworthiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Medium gray, slight bluish tint in oil

Hardness:

6 - 6½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=650 - 700 kg/mm² - Vickers

Density:

7.86 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of HollingworthiteHide

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)
420nm	50.0%
440nm	51.3%
460nm	51.9%
480nm	51.9%
500nm	51.5%
520nm	51.3%
540nm	50.8%
560nm	50.2%
580nm	49.7%
600nm	49.2%
620nm	48.5%
640nm	47.8%
660nm	47.2%
680nm	46.4%
700nm	45.6%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 51.9%.

Colour in reflected light:

In oil, medium gray, slightly bluish

Chemistry of HollingworthiteHide

Mindat Formula:

(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Rh	49.028 %
As	35.695 %
S	15.277 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

As, Pd, Pt, Rh, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Pt,Ir,Ru,Fe

Chemical AnalysisHide

wt%

	1
Ir	0.22 %
Pt	0.61 %
Os	0.00 %
Rh	41.3 %
Pd	0.85 %
Ru	2.8 %
Ni	1.3 %
Co	2.5 %
As	33.3 %
S	16.4 %
Total:	99.28 %

Sample references:

ID	Locality	Reference	Notes
1	Werner Lake Mine, Werner Lake Area, Kenora District, Ontario, Canada	Rucklidge, John (1969) Electron microprobe investigations of platinum metal minerals from ontario. The Canadian Mineralogist, 9 (5). p.617-628.	EMPA analysis of minute grains in massive sulphide drill cores

Crystallography of HollingworthiteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3(2/m3) - Diploidal

Space Group:

Pa3

Setting:

Pa3

Cell Parameters:

a = 5.783(14) Å

Unit Cell V:

193.40 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Euhedral to anhedral grains, to 40 µm.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0014012	Hollingworthite	Foecker A J, Jeitschko W (2001) The atomic order of the pnictogen and chalcogen atoms in equiatomic ternary Journal of Solid State Chemistry 162 69-78		2001	synthetic	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Hollingworthite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Foecker A J'
'Jeitschko W'
_journal_name_full 'Journal of Solid State Chemistry'
_journal_volume 162 
_journal_year 2001
_journal_page_first 69
_journal_page_last 78
_publ_section_title
;
 The atomic order of the pnictogen and chalcogen atoms in equiatomic ternary
 compounds TPnCh (T = Ni, Pd; Pn = P, As, Sb; Ch = S, Se, Te)
;
_database_code_amcsd 0014012
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pd As S'
_cell_length_a 5.9507
_cell_length_b 5.9507
_cell_length_c 5.9507
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 210.719
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      6.727
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 21 3'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2-z,-x,1/2+y'
  '-z,1/2+x,1/2-y'
  '1/2+z,1/2-x,-y'
  'z,x,y'
  '1/2+y,1/2-z,-x'
  '1/2-y,-z,1/2+x'
  '-y,1/2+z,1/2-x'
  'y,z,x'
  '-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,-y,1/2+z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Pd   0.99970   0.99970   0.99970   0.00610
As   0.61290   0.61290   0.61290   0.00730
S   0.39190   0.39190   0.39190   0.00610
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Pd 0.00610 0.00610 0.00610 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000
As 0.00730 0.00730 0.00730 0.00010 0.00010 0.00010
S 0.00610 0.00610 0.00610 0.00100 0.00100 0.00100

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.31 Å	(100)
2.87 Å	(100)
1.74 Å	(10)
2.04 Å	(90)
1.112 Å	(90)
2.57 Å	(80)
1.29 Å	(80)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust	>4.50
7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks
Near-surface Processes
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals

Type Occurrence of HollingworthiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Driekop Mine, Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality, Sekhukhune District Municipality, Limpopo, South Africa

General Appearance of Type Material:

Grains to 40 µm.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

National School of Mines, Paris, France.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Geversite

Sperrylite

Reference:

Stumpfl, E. H., Clark, A. M. (1965) Hollingworthite, a new rhodium mineral, identified by electron probe microanalysis. American Mineralogist, 50 (7-8). 1068-1074

Synonyms of HollingworthiteHide

Hollingsworthite

IMA1964-029

Other Language Names for HollingworthiteHide

Dutch:Hollingworthiet

German:Hollingworthit
Hollingsworthit

Russian:Холлингуортит

Simplified Chinese:硫砷铑矿

Spanish:Hollingsworthita
Hollingworthita

Relationship of Hollingworthite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Cobaltite Group

Other Members of Cobaltite Group:

Andrieslombaardite	RhSbS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
Changchengite	IrBiS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
Cobaltite	CoAsS	Orth. mm2 : Pca2₁
Gersdorffite	NiAsS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
Guixiangite	NiBiS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
Jolliffeite	NiAsSe	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
Kalungaite	PdAsSe	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
Maslovite	PtBiTe	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
Mayingite	IrBiTe	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
Michenerite	PdBiTe	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
Milotaite	PdSbSe	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
Padmaite	PdBiSe	Iso. 432
'Platarsite'	Pt(As,S)₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
Testibiopalladite	PdSbTe	Iso.
Tolovkite	IrSbS	Iso.
Ullmannite	NiSbS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
'UM1991-19-Se:AsCo'	(Co,Ni)AsSe	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pm3
Willyamite	CoSbS

Forms a series with:

Irarsite

Hollingworthite-Irarsite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

7 photos of Hollingworthite associated with Sperrylite	PtAs₂
6 photos of Hollingworthite associated with Isoferroplatinum	Pt₃Fe
6 photos of Hollingworthite associated with Gersdorffite	NiAsS
5 photos of Hollingworthite associated with Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS
5 photos of Hollingworthite associated with Palladoarsenide	Pd₂As
5 photos of Hollingworthite associated with Native Osmium	(Os,Ir,Ru)
5 photos of Hollingworthite associated with Laurite	RuS₂
3 photos of Hollingworthite associated with Cuproiridsite	(Cu,Fe)Ir₂S₄
3 photos of Hollingworthite associated with 'Polyxene'	(Pt,Fe,Cu,Ni,Pd,Rh)
3 photos of Hollingworthite associated with Native Iridium	(Ir,Os,Ru)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.EB.	Selenolaurite	RuSe₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.	Andrieslombaardite	RhSbS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.	Iridarsenite	(Ir,Ru)As₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.EB.	Kanatzidisite	(SbBiS₃)₂Te₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.EB.05a	Vaesite	NiS₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Hauerite	MnS₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Laurite	RuS₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Gaotaiite	Ir₃Te₈	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Penroseite	(Ni,Co,Cu)Se₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Fukuchilite	Cu₃FeS₈	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Villamanínite	(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S₂	Tric.
2.EB.05a	Erlichmanite	OsS₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Sperrylite	PtAs₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Geversite	PtSb₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Cattierite	CoS₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Aurostibite	AuSb₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Trogtalite	CoSe₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a v	'Cayeuxite'
2.EB.05a	Kruťaite	CuSe₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Pyrite	FeS₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Insizwaite	PtBi₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05b	Bambollaite	Cu(Se,Te)₂	Tet.
2.EB.05a	Dzharkenite	FeSe₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.10a	Marcasite	FeS₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10e	Paracostibite	CoSbS	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
2.EB.10f	Oenite	CoSbAs	Orth.
2.EB.10e	Pararammelsbergite	NiAs₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
2.EB.10a	Mattagamite	CoTe₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10a	Frohbergite	FeTe₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10d	Costibite	CoSbS	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
2.EB.10b	Alloclasite	Co_1-xFe_xAsS	Mon. 2 : P2₁
2.EB.10c	Glaucodot	(Co_0.50Fe_0.50)AsS	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
2.EB.10a	Petříčekite	CuSe₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10a	Kullerudite	NiSe₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10a	Ferroselite	FeSe₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15b	Seinäjokite	FeSb₂	Orth.
2.EB.15a	Rammelsbergite	NiAs₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15a	Clinosafflorite	CoAs₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.EB.15c	Paxite	CuAs₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.EB.15a	Nisbite	NiSb₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15a	Löllingite	FeAs₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15a	Safflorite	(Co,Ni,Fe)As₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15a	Omeiite	OsAs₂	Orth.
2.EB.15a	Anduoite	RuAs₂	Orth.
2.EB.20	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.EB.20	Ruarsite	(Ru,Os)AsS	Mon.
2.EB.20	Osarsite	(Os,Ru)AsS	Mon.
2.EB.20	Gudmundite	FeSbS	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.EB.25	Mayingite	IrBiTe	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25	Maslovite	PtBiTe	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Paragersdorffite	Ni(As,S)₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25	Orthogersdorffite	NiAsS	Orth. mm2 : Pca2₁
2.EB.25	Sulfopadmaite	PdBiS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Jolliffeite	NiAsSe	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25	Cobaltite	CoAsS	Orth. mm2 : Pca2₁
2.EB.25	Guixiangite	NiBiS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Testibiopalladite	PdSbTe	Iso.
2.EB.25 va	'Antimony-bearing Gersdorffite'	Ni(As,Sb)S
2.EB.25	Kalungaite	PdAsSe	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25	Michenerite	PdBiTe	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Gersdorffite	NiAsS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Milotaite	PdSbSe	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Tolovkite	IrSbS	Iso.
2.EB.25	'Platarsite'	Pt(As,S)₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25	Willyamite	CoSbS
2.EB.25	Changchengite	IrBiS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Kvačekite	NiSbSe	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Krutovite	NiAs₂	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Padmaite	PdBiSe	Iso. 432
2.EB.25	Ullmannite	NiSbS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.30	Urvantsevite	Pd(Bi,Pb)₂	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
2.EB.35	Rheniite	ReS₂	Tric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for HollingworthiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-1922.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for HollingworthiteHide

Reference List:

HULLIGER, F. (1963) New Compounds with Cobaltite Structure. Nature, 198 (4878). 382-383 doi:10.1038/198382b0

Stumpfl, E. H., Clark, A. M. (1965) Hollingworthite, a new rhodium mineral, identified by electron probe microanalysis. American Mineralogist, 50 (7-8). 1068-1074

Tarkian, M., Prichard, H.M. (1987) Irarsite-hollingworthite solid-solution series and other associated Ru-, Os-, Ir-, and Rh-bearing PGM's from the Shetland ophiolite complex. Mineralium Deposita, 22 (3). 178-184 doi:10.1007/bf00206607

Ohnenstetter, Daniel, Watkinson, David H., Dahl, Richard (1991) Zoned hollingworthite from the Two Duck Lake intrusion, Coldwell complex, Ontario. American Mineralogist, 76 (9-10) 1694-1700

Angeli, N., Fleet, M.E., Kingston, D.M., Neto, J.N. (1993) Ir-bearing sperrylite and Pd-bearing hollingworthite in chromitites from the Pedra Branca Complex, Ceará, Brazil. In Brazilian Meeting on PGEs, I, Brasília: 44.

Barkov, A., Alapieti, T., Laajoki, K., Peura, R. (1996) Osmian hollingworthite and rhodian cobaltite-gersdorffite from the Lukkulaisvaara layered intrusion, Russian Karelia. Mineralogical Magazine, 60 (403) 973-978 doi:10.1180/minmag.1996.060.403.12

Foecker, Aloys J., Jeitschko, Wolfgang (2001) The Atomic Order of the Pnictogen and Chalcogen Atoms in Equiatomic Ternary Compounds TPnCh (T=Ni, Pd; Pn=P, As, Sb; Ch=S, Se, Te) Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 162. 69-78 doi:10.1006/jssc.2001.9342

(2005) Hollingworthite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for HollingworthiteHide

Showing 202 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Albania
Dibër County Bater-Martanesh mining district ⓘ Bulqiza Complex (Bulqiza Massif)	12 (12) +1 other reference
Kukës County Has ⓘ Maja e Sukës deposit	Gornostayev et al. (2001)

Argentina
San Luis Province Coronel Pringles Department Estancia Grande ⓘ Las Águilas deposit	FERRACUTTI +3 other references

Australia
New South Wales Kennedy Co. Fifield ⓘ Owendale Complex	Ma et al. (2023)
Western Australia Halls Creek Shire ⓘ Eastern Eastman layered mafic intrusion	Mina et al. (2024)

Austria
Lower Austria Horn District Drosendorf-Zissersdorf ⓘ Wolfsbach	Kolitsch (2015)
Styria Leoben District ⓘ Kraubath an der Mur	12 (12) +4 other references
Sankt Stefan ob Leoben Mitterberg ⓘ Unnamed chromite pit	Malitch et al. (2002)
ⓘ Sommergraben	Melcher+Mali (1998)

Botswana
North-East District Francistown District ⓘ Phoenix Mine	Maier et al. (2008)

Brazil
Bahia Campo Formoso ⓘ Limoeiro mine	Mota-e-Silva et al. (2015) +1 other reference
ⓘ Campo Formoso ultramafic complex	Garuti et al. (2007) +1 other reference
Ipiaú Mirabela farm ⓘ Santa Rita deposit	Knight (2014)
Goiás Hidrolândia ⓘ Morro Feio	33rd International Geological Congress (2008)
Pará Curionópolis ⓘ Lago Grande Complex	Teixeira (2014)
ⓘ Luanga Cr-Pt-Pd deposit	33rd International Geological Congress (2008)
São Paulo ⓘ Monte Alegre do Sul	33rd International Geological Congress (2008)

Bulgaria
Blagoevgrad Province Blagoevgrad Municipality ⓘ Blagoevgrad placer deposits	Цинцов (1998)
Burgas Province Kameno Municipality ⓘ Konstantinovo	Atanasov (1990)
Kardzhali Province Kirkovo Municipality ⓘ Dobromirtsi	González-Jiménez et al. (2010)

Canada
British Columbia New Westminster Mining Division Hope ⓘ Giant Mascot Mine	Manor
Similkameen Mining Division ⓘ Tulameen River	Nixon et al. (1990)
ⓘ Grasshopper Mt	Nixon et al. (1990)
ⓘ Placer Deposits	Nixon et al. (1990)
Manitoba ⓘ Bird River Sill	Hulbert et al. (1998)
New Brunswick Kings Co. Cardwell Parish ⓘ Mechanic Settlement Pluton	Canadian Mineralogist 45 +1 other reference
Ontario Greater Sudbury Broder Township ⓘ Kelley Lake	Ames et al. (2003)
Creighton-Davies Township ⓘ Creighton Mine	Dare et al. (2010) +1 other reference
Drury Township Worthington area Worthington Offset Dike ⓘ Totten Mine	Vale SA
ⓘ Totten No. 2 Mine	Warren (2013)
Garson Township ⓘ Garson Mine	Vale SA
Levack Township ⓘ Coleman Mine	Vale SA
McKim Township ⓘ Copper Cliff North Mine	Krisztián Szentpéteri (2002) +1 other reference
Kenora District Ring of Fire BMA527861 Area ⓘ Black Label deposit	Musa Karkus (2010)
ⓘ Black Thor chromite deposit	N Farhangi
Werner Lake Area ⓘ Werner Lake Mine	Rucklidge (1969)
Rainy River District ⓘ Samuels Lake intrusive	N. T. Pettigrew et al. (2000)
ⓘ Sudbury District	Dana's New Mineralogy
Snider Township ⓘ Copper Cliff South Mine	Ames et al. (2003)
Thunder Bay District ⓘ Coldwell complex	Watkinson & Ohnenstetter (1992)
ⓘ Marathon deposit	McDonald et al. (2015) +1 other reference
ⓘ W horizon	Good et al. (2017)
ⓘ Kawene intrusive	Selway (1993)
O'Neill Township ⓘ Fleck occurrence (American Brass; Two Duck Lake)	Canadian Mineralogist 30 +2 other references
Seeley Lake Area ⓘ Anaconda occurrence (Stillwater Marathon project)	EcoMetrix Reort for Stillwater Canada Inc (2012)
ⓘ Area 41 deposit	Cao (2017)
Timiskaming District Boston Township ⓘ Boston Creek Flow deposit	Econ Geol (1993)
Québec Nord-du-Québec Nunavik Raglan ⓘ Raglan Mine	Glencore plc
ⓘ Katiniq orebody	Seabrook et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Ungava Peninsula ⓘ Katiniq nickel deposit (Katinik)	petrology +1 other reference
Yukon Whitehorse mining district Kluane District ⓘ Wellgreen Cu-Ni-PGE deposit	Barkov et al. (2002) +1 other reference

Chile
Araucanía Cautín Province La Cabaña ⓘ La Cabaña serpentinites	González-Jiménez et al. (2014)

China
Inner Mongolia Chifeng City (Ulanhad League; Chifeng Prefecture) Hexigten Banner (Keshiketeng Co.) ⓘ Danailingou As-Co deposit	Jingbin Wang et al. (1998)

Cuba
Holguín Province ⓘ Sagua de Tánamo Mining District	González-Jiménez et al. (2011)

DR Congo
Lualaba Mutshatsha Kolwezi ⓘ Musonoi Mine ?	...

Ecuador
Carchi Province Awa Indian Preserve ⓘ Camumbi River gold placer ?	Barron et al. (2024)

Egypt
Red Sea Governorate ⓘ Wadi El-Lawi	Ahmed et al. (2003)

Ethiopia
Oromia Region West Welega Zone Gimbi ⓘ Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District)	Bowles (1986) +1 other reference
ⓘ Bir Bir River	Pavel M. Kartashov analythical data of ...
ⓘ Joubdo Stream	Cabri et al. (1981)

Finland
ⓘ Lapland	Törnroos et al. (1998)
Keminmaa ⓘ Kemi Mine	Outokumpu
Penikat complex ⓘ Ala-Penikka Reef	Alapieti et al. (1986)
ⓘ Sompujärvi Reef	Econ Geol (1986)
ⓘ Kirakkajuppura PGE deposit	Barkov et al. (1999) +1 other reference
Portimo complex ⓘ Konttijärvi deposit	Hytönen (1999)
ⓘ Siika-Kämä PGE Reef	Hänninen et al. (1986) +1 other reference
Sodankylä Kevitsansarvi (Keivitsansarvi) ⓘ Kevitsa Ni-Cu-PGE mine	González-Pérez et al. (2021)
North Ostrobothnia Nivala ⓘ Hitura Mine	Papunen (1986) +1 other reference

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Ain Bourg-en-Bresse Lescheroux ⓘ Reyssouze River placer	Ducluzaux (2022)
New Caledonia Southern Province Le Mont-Dore Ouen Island ⓘ Ouen Island ophiolite	33rd International Geological Congress (2008)
Yaté ⓘ Ni River estuary	Augé et al. (1995)

Germany
Bavaria Lower Bavaria Straubing ⓘ Danubian fluvial placer (Donauplatin placer)	Morphogenetic studies of PGM grains in ...

Greece
Central Greece Phthiotis Domokos ⓘ Agios Stefanos mine	Tsikouras et al. (2016)
Central Macedonia Imathia ⓘ Veria ophiolite complex	12 (12) +3 other references
ⓘ Othrys ophiolite complex	12 (12) +1 other reference
ⓘ Pindos ophiolite complex	12 (12) +1 other reference
Thessaly Trikala Meteora ⓘ Korydallos area	Kapsiotis et al. (2010) +1 other reference
ⓘ Pefki	Kapsiotis et al. (2011)

Greenland
Sermersooq Kruuse Fjord ⓘ Kruuse Fjord complex	Arnason et al. (1997)

India
Karnataka Davanagere District Shimoga schist belt ⓘ Hanumalapur Complex	Devaraju et al. (2005) +1 other reference
Odisha Keonjhar District ⓘ Baula Complex	Canadian Mineralogist 40:277-309
ⓘ Nuasahi Complex	Prichard et al. (2018)

Ivory Coast
Montagnes Tonkpi Biankouma Department ⓘ Samapleu mafic-ultramafic intrusion	Gouedji et al. (2014)

Japan
Hokkaidō Prefecture Kamikawa Subprefecture ⓘ Teshio gold-PGM placers	Urashima et al. (1972) +1 other reference
Rumoi Subprefecture Tomamae District Shosanbetsu ⓘ Minamichiyoda	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
Tomamae ⓘ Tomamae coast	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022)
Kumamoto Prefecture Shimomashiki District Misato ⓘ Haraigawa	NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2019)

Madagascar
Atsinanana Antanambao Manampotsy District ⓘ Antanambao-Manampotsy area	Legendre et al. (1992)
ⓘ Ambodibonara Placer	Auge et al. (1992) +1 other reference
Betsiboka Maevatanana District Morafeno Commune ⓘ Lavatrafo	McDonald et al. (1999)

Mauritania
Adrar Region Atar ⓘ Guelb el Azib	Berger et al. (2013)

Mexico
Baja California Sur Mulegé Municipality ⓘ Vizcaíno Peninsula	Australian Research Council Centre of ...

Mongolia
Uvs Province Tarialan District ⓘ Burgastai Gol Placer	Dostal et al. (2026)
ⓘ Iljgiin Gol Placer	Dostal et al. (2026)

Myanmar
Sagaing Region Monywa District ⓘ Chindwin river	Hagen et al. (1990)

Norway
Trøndelag Røros ⓘ Østhammeren (Osthammeren)	12 (12) +2 other references

Papua New Guinea
Oro Province ⓘ Aikora River	Cabri et al. (2022)

Russia
Amur Oblast Zeysky District ⓘ Kun-Manie Nickel Copper sulphide deposit	Amur Minerals Corporation
Bashkortostan Uchalinsky District ⓘ Unspecified gold placer	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2018
Buryatia Okinsky District Ulan-Sar’dag Ophiolite ⓘ Kitoy River placers	Airiyants et al. (2021)
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Bilibinsky District Kolyma area Bol'shoi Anyui River Basin Baimka River Aluchinskii Massif (Aluchin horst) ⓘ Baimka placer deposit	Gornostayev et al. (1999)
Pekul'ney Range (Pekul'nei Range) Northern Pekul'ney River (Northern Pekul'nei River; Northern Pekul'neyveem River) ⓘ Placer deposit	Rudashevskiy et al. (1983)
Irkutsk Oblast Uda–Biryusa district ⓘ Tartai Massif	Podlipsky et al. (2015)
ⓘ Zhelos intrusion	Kolotilina et al. (2025)
Jewish Autonomous Oblast ⓘ Poperechny Fe-Mn deposit	Nevstruev et al. (2019) +1 other reference
Kamchatka Krai Koryak Okrug Karaginsky District ⓘ Pustaya River	Tolstykh et al. (2000)
Olyutorsky district ⓘ Epilchik mafic-ultramafic complex	Sidorov et al. (2021)
Korf ⓘ Gal'moenan ultrabasic massif	Sidorov et al. (2004) +3 other references
ⓘ Ledyanoy Creek placer	Vlasov et al. (2002) +2 other references
ⓘ Levtyrinyvayam River placer	Tolstykh et al. (2004) +1 other reference
ⓘ Prizhimny Creek	Kutyrev et al. (2018)
ⓘ Snegovaya River placer	Kutyrev et al. (2023)
Sobolevsky District ⓘ Maior River (Brook)	Sidorov et al. (2004)
ⓘ Mount Filipp	Tony Nikischer specimen and analysis +1 other reference
Kemerovo Oblast ⓘ Koura River	Zhmodik et al. (2016)
Khabarovsk Krai Ayano-Maysky district ⓘ Chad Massif	Mandarino (2000) +1 other reference
ⓘ Konder alkaline-ultrabasic massif	Laflamme et al. (1997)
ⓘ Anomal’niy Cu-PGE deposit	- (2016) +2 other references
Krasnoyarsk Krai Lysanskiy dunite-peridotite-gabbro complex ⓘ Sisim Placer Zone	Barkov et al. (2018) +1 other reference
Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug Taimyr Peninsula ⓘ Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region	Genkin et al. (1986) +1 other reference
ⓘ Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit	Gritsenko et al. (2022)
Yermakovsky District ⓘ Bolshoy Khailyk River placers	Barkov et al. (2018) +2 other references
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex)	Gabov (2010)
ⓘ Fedorova Tundra block	Groshev +6 other references
ⓘ FT-1 reef	Groshev +6 other references
ⓘ Kievey deposit	Groshev +6 other references
ⓘ North Kamennik deposit	Groshev +7 other references
ⓘ Southern PGE Reef	Groshev +6 other references
Imandra layered complex (Imandrovsky layered intrusion) ⓘ Mount Bol’shaya Varaka chromitite deposit	Barkov et al. (2004)
Monche tundra intrusion ⓘ Monchetundra deposit	Grokhovskaya et al. (2009)
ⓘ Borehole 1818	Vymazalová et al. (2020)
ⓘ Borehole 1819	Grokhovskaya et al. (2019)
ⓘ Nud II mine
ⓘ Monchegorsk	www.duke.edu (2003) +1 other reference
ⓘ Nyud-2 deposit	Chashchin et al. (2021)
Sopcha Massif Monchegorsk Cu-Ni Deposit ⓘ Sopcha Mt	- (2014)
ⓘ South Sopcha intrusions	Karimova et al. (2016)
ⓘ Vuruchuaivench prospect	Grokhovskaya et al. (2000)
Yuzhnosopchinsky massif ⓘ Yuzhnosopchinsky-1	Y.A. et al. (2019)
ⓘ Mount General'skaya layered intrusion	www4.geology.utoronto.ca (n.d.)
ⓘ Pechengsky District	Chashchin et al. (2013)
ⓘ Volchetundra massif	Chashchin et al. (2013)
Novosibirsk Oblast Egor’evsk ore placer district Ik placer field ⓘ Simonovsky Brook gold placer	Podlipsky et al. (2007)
Republic of Karelia ⓘ Burakovskii Layered Complex	Grokhovskaya et al. (2005)
ⓘ Shalozerskoe (Kuk Ruchei) deposit	Grishaenko et al. (2007)
Kondopozhsky District ⓘ Vikshozero deposit	- (2014)
Loukhsky District Oulanka plutonic complex Olanga River (Oulanka River) ⓘ Lukkulaisvaara ultrabasic Massif (Lukkulaisvaara pluton; Lukkulaisvaara layered intrusion)	Barkov et al. (1993) +1 other reference
ⓘ Vostok deposit	Barkov et al. (1996) +2 other references
Northern Karelia ⓘ Kaalamo massif	Лавров (2013) +1 other reference
Sverdlovsk Oblast Kachkanar ⓘ Veresovoborsky intrusion	Stepanov et al. (2019)
Nizhnyaya Tura ⓘ Veresovka River	Stepanov et al. (2019)
ⓘ Veresovyi Bor	Stepanov et al. (2020)
Yekaterinburg ⓘ Uktus complex	Zaccarini et al. (2013) +1 other reference
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ⓘ Centralnoye II deposit	Jan Pašava et al. (2011)

Saudi Arabia
Medina Region ⓘ Al ‘Ays ophiolite complex	12 (12) +2 other references

Serbia
Central Serbia Rasina District Trstenik Veluće ⓘ Srebrnica River	Tarkian M et al. (1997)
ⓘ Veluce ophiolite complex	Krstic et al. (1997)

Slovakia
Košice Region Košice-okolie District Jasov ⓘ Serpentinite outcrops	Radvanec et al. (2016)

South Africa
ⓘ Bushveld Complex	...
Limpopo Capricorn District Municipality Blouberg Local Municipality Waterberg project ⓘ F-Zone	McCreesh et al. (2018)
Sekhukhune District Municipality Fetakgomo Tubatse Local Municipality ⓘ Driekop Mine (TL)	AM 50 (1965) +1 other reference
ⓘ Lesego project	Montjoie (2018)
ⓘ Maandagshoek Farm	Melcher et al. (2005)
ⓘ Mooihoek Farm 255 KT	Rudashevsky et al. (1992)
Steelpoort ⓘ Onverwacht Mine	Rudashevsky et al. (1992) +2 other references
Waterberg District Municipality Mogalakwena Local Municipality ⓘ Mokopane	Hutchinson et al. (2005) +1 other reference
ⓘ Akanani prospects	Van der Merwe (2011) +4 other references
Mogalakwena Mine ⓘ Overysel deposit	Holwell et al. (2007)
ⓘ Sandsloot Mine	Holwell et al. (2006) +1 other reference
ⓘ Zwartfontein Pit	Fanus Viljoen et al. (2016)
ⓘ Turfspruit farm	Hutchinson et al. (2005)
ⓘ Witwatersrand goldfield	Cairncross et al. (1995)

Spain
Andalusia Málaga Ojén ⓘ Ojén lherzolite massif	Mineralogy and Petrology: 56: 25-50.
ⓘ Arroyo de los Caballos	Baurier-Aymat +7 other references
ⓘ Cerro del Algarrobo	Baurier-Aymat +7 other references
ⓘ Serranía de Ronda	Gervilla et al. (2002)
Galicia A Coruña Cedeira Teixidelo ⓘ Manolita mine	Monterrubio et al. (1990)
ⓘ Herbeira ultramafic massif	12 (12) +7 other references

Turkey
Kahramanmaraş Province ⓘ Elbistan-Kahramanmaraş podiform ophiolitic chromitites	12 (12) +2 other references

UK
Scotland Shetland Islands ⓘ Fetlar	Anthony et al. (1990)
ⓘ Unst	Anthony et al. (1990)
ⓘ Cliff Quarry	- (1985) +3 other references
ⓘ Harold's Grave Quarry	12 (12) +4 other references

USA
Alaska Bethel Census Area ⓘ Goodnews Bay	EDS analysis by Bart Cannon +1 other reference
ⓘ Salmon River - Red Mountain District	USGS Bull 1660
ⓘ Clara Creek	- (2008)
ⓘ Dowry Creek mine	USGS Open-File Report 01-269 +1 other reference
ⓘ Fox Gulch	Fechner SA (1988)
ⓘ Platinum Creek	USGS Open-File Report 01-269
Kodiak Island Borough Tugidak Island ⓘ Southern beach placer	Belkin et al. (2021)
California Nevada County North San Juan Mining District North San Juan ⓘ Yuba River placers	Sjoberg et al. (1980) +2 other references
Yuba County Hammonton Mining District (Yuba River Mining District) Hammonton ⓘ Yuba River placers (Yuba Mine)	Sjoberg et al. (1980) +2 other references
Montana ⓘ Stillwater Complex	Volborth et al. (1986)
Stillwater County ⓘ Blakely Creek	Volborth et al. (1986)
ⓘ Stillwater Mine	Gobla (2012)
Pennsylvania Chester County ⓘ West Nottingham Township	Smith and Barnes (2011)

Vietnam
Sơn La Province Bắc Yên District Ban Phuc ⓘ Ban Phuc Cu-Ni deposit	Wang et al. (2023)

Zimbabwe
Mashonaland West Chegutu District ⓘ Hartley Mine	Wilson et al. (1990) +3 other references
Masvingo Chiredzi District Chiredzi mining district ⓘ Makwiro River	Oberthür et al. (2013)
Midlands Shurugwi District ⓘ Unki Mine	Anglo American plc
Zvishavane District Zvishavane (Shabani; Shabanie; Shavani) ⓘ Mimosa Mine (Wedza–Mimosa platinum deposit)	Implats

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Hollingworthite

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