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Vaesite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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00744860017630585206789.jpg
Vaesite

Sasso delle Lucine, Castelluccio di Moscheda, Montese, Modena Province, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
05232290017631208777710.jpg
Vaesite

Castelluccio di Moscheda, Montese, Modena Province, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
06243020017630585205563.jpg
Vaesite

Shinkolobwe Mine, Shinkolobwe, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo
09370070017630585123515.jpg
Vaesite

Sasso delle Lucine, Castelluccio di Moscheda, Montese, Modena Province, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
06569700017631179459345.jpg
Vaesite

Castelluccio di Moscheda, Montese, Modena Province, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
03350600017630585126146.jpg
Vaesite

Shinkolobwe Mine, Shinkolobwe, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo
00744860017630585206789.jpg
Vaesite

Sasso delle Lucine, Castelluccio di Moscheda, Montese, Modena Province, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
05232290017631208777710.jpg
Vaesite

Castelluccio di Moscheda, Montese, Modena Province, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
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About VaesiteHide

Formula:
NiS2
Colour:
Black, silver-gray
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4½ - 5½
Specific Gravity:
4.45
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Pyrite Group
Name:
Named in 1945 by Paul F. Kerr in honour of Johannes Franciscus Vaes (1902 - 1978), administrator, geologist, and mineralogist with the Union Minière du Haut-Katanga, in the Belgian Congo, now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Pyrite-Vaesite Series; Cattierite-Vaesite Series.
The nickel analogue of pyrite and cattierite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
4133
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4133:7

Similar NamesHide

FassaiteA variety of Augite(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe2+,Al,Fe3+,Ti)[(Si,Al)2O6]
ViséiteA variety of Crandallite

IMA Classification of VaesiteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Ni2+(S2)2-
First published:
1945
Type description reference:
Kerr, Paul F. (1945) Cattierite and vaesite: New Co-Ni minerals from the Belgian Congo. American Mineralogist, 30 (7-8) 483-497

Classification of VaesiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
2.EB.05a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
B : M:S = 1:2, with Fe, Co, Ni, PGE, etc.
Dana 8th ed.:
2.12.1.2

2 : SULFIDES
12 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:2
Hey's CIM Ref.:
3.11.5

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
11 : Sulphides etc. of Ni

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
VaIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
VaThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of VaesiteHide

Lustre:
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black, silver-gray
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
4½ - 5½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=743 - 837 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{001}
Density:
4.45 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.47 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of VaesiteHide

Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1 (%)
400nm34.2%
420nm33.6%
440nm33.2%
460nm32.8%
480nm32.4%
500nm32.2%
520nm32.0%
540nm31.8%
560nm31.8%
580nm31.8%
600nm32.0%
620nm32.0%
640nm32.1%
660nm32.3%
680nm32.6%
700nm32.9%


Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 34.2%.
Colour in reflected light:
pale violet-gray

Chemistry of VaesiteHide

Mindat Formula:
NiS2
Element Weights:
Element% weight
S52.213 %
Ni47.787 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
S
Ni
Elements listed:
Ni, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Co,Fe

Crystallography of VaesiteHide

Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3(2/m3) - Diploidal
Space Group:
Pa3
Setting:
Pa3
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.66787(8) Å
Unit Cell V:
182.08 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0011917VaesiteFuruseth S, Kjekshus A, Andresen A F (1969) On the magnetic properties of CoSe2, NiS2, and NiSe2 Acta Chemica Scandinavica 23 2325-23341969synthetic0293
0009853VaesiteNowack E, Schwarzenbach D, Hahn T (1991) Charge densities in CoS2 and NiS2 (pyrite structure) Acta Crystallographica B47 650-6591991synthetic0135
0010990VaesiteNowack E, Schwarzenbach D, Gonschorek W, Hahn T (1989) Deformationsdichten in CoS2 und NiS2 mit pyritstruktur Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 186 213-21519890295
0010989VaesiteNowack E, Schwarzenbach D, Gonschorek W, Hahn T (1989) Deformationsdichten in CoS2 und NiS2 mit pyritstruktur Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 186 213-21519890145
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.83 Å(100)
1.707 Å(80)
1.091 Å(60)
2.00 Å(50)
2.54 Å(40)
2.32 Å(40)
1.003 Å(40)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere>4.45
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33)

Type Occurrence of VaesiteHide

Other Language Names for VaesiteHide

Dutch:Vaesiet
German:Vaesit
Russian:Ваэсит
Simplified Chinese:方硫镍矿
二硫镍矿
Spanish:Vaesita

Varieties of VaesiteHide

Relationship of Vaesite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Pyrite Group
Other Members of Pyrite Group:
AurostibiteAuSb2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
CattieriteCoS2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
DzharkeniteFeSe2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
ErlichmaniteOsS2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
FukuchiliteCu3FeS8Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
GaotaiiteIr3Te8Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
GeversitePtSb2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
HaueriteMnS2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
InsizwaitePtBi2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
KruťaiteCuSe2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
LauriteRuS2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
Penroseite(Ni,Co,Cu)Se2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
PyriteFeS2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
SperrylitePtAs2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
TrogtaliteCoSe2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
Villamanínite(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S2Tric.
Forms a series with:
CattieriteCattierite-Vaesite Series
PyritePyrite-Vaesite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
22 photos of Vaesite associated with MilleriteNiS
21 photos of Vaesite associated with PyriteFeS2
17 photos of Vaesite associated with ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
15 photos of Vaesite associated with KruťaiteCuSe2
14 photos of Vaesite associated with GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
11 photos of Vaesite associated with CalciteCaCO3
10 photos of Vaesite associated with NickelineNiAs
9 photos of Vaesite associated with ClausthalitePbSe
9 photos of Vaesite associated with CattieriteCoS2
8 photos of Vaesite associated with UraniniteUO2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.EB.SelenolauriteRuSe2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.AndrieslombaarditeRhSbSIso. 23 : P213
2.EB.Iridarsenite(Ir,Ru)As2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.EB.Kanatzidisite(SbBiS3)2Te2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.EB.05aHaueriteMnS2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aLauriteRuS2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aGaotaiiteIr3Te8Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aPenroseite(Ni,Co,Cu)Se2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aFukuchiliteCu3FeS8Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aVillamanínite(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S2Tric.
2.EB.05aErlichmaniteOsS2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aSperrylitePtAs2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aGeversitePtSb2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aCattieriteCoS2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aAurostibiteAuSb2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aTrogtaliteCoSe2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a v'Cayeuxite'
2.EB.05aKruťaiteCuSe2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aPyriteFeS2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05aInsizwaitePtBi2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05bBambollaiteCu(Se,Te)2Tet.
2.EB.05aDzharkeniteFeSe2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.10aMarcasiteFeS2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10eParacostibiteCoSbSOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
2.EB.10fOeniteCoSbAsOrth.
2.EB.10ePararammelsbergiteNiAs2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
2.EB.10aMattagamiteCoTe2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10aFrohbergiteFeTe2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10dCostibiteCoSbSOrth. mm2 : Pmn21
2.EB.10bAlloclasiteCo1-xFexAsSMon. 2 : P21
2.EB.10cGlaucodot(Co0.50Fe0.50)AsSOrth. mm2 : Pmn21
2.EB.10aPetříčekiteCuSe2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10aKulleruditeNiSe2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10aFerroseliteFeSe2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15bSeinäjokiteFeSb2Orth.
2.EB.15aRammelsbergiteNiAs2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15aClinosaffloriteCoAs2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.EB.15cPaxiteCuAs2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.EB.15aNisbiteNiSb2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15aLöllingiteFeAs2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15aSafflorite(Co,Ni,Fe)As2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15aOmeiiteOsAs2Orth.
2.EB.15aAnduoiteRuAs2Orth.
2.EB.20ArsenopyriteFeAsSMon. 2/m : P21/b
2.EB.20Ruarsite(Ru,Os)AsSMon.
2.EB.20Osarsite(Os,Ru)AsSMon.
2.EB.20GudmunditeFeSbSMon. 2/m : P21/b
2.EB.25MayingiteIrBiTeIso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25MaslovitePtBiTeIso. 23 : P213
2.EB.25ParagersdorffiteNi(As,S)2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25OrthogersdorffiteNiAsSOrth. mm2 : Pca21
2.EB.25SulfopadmaitePdBiSIso. 23 : P213
2.EB.25JolliffeiteNiAsSeIso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25CobaltiteCoAsSOrth. mm2 : Pca21
2.EB.25GuixiangiteNiBiSIso. 23 : P213
2.EB.25TestibiopalladitePdSbTeIso.
2.EB.25 va'Antimony-bearing Gersdorffite'Ni(As,Sb)S
2.EB.25KalungaitePdAsSeIso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25Hollingworthite(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsSIso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25MicheneritePdBiTeIso. 23 : P213
2.EB.25GersdorffiteNiAsSIso. 23 : P213
2.EB.25MilotaitePdSbSeIso. 23 : P213
2.EB.25TolovkiteIrSbSIso.
2.EB.25'Platarsite'Pt(As,S)2Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25WillyamiteCoSbS
2.EB.25ChangchengiteIrBiSIso. 23 : P213
2.EB.25KvačekiteNiSbSeIso. 23 : P213
2.EB.25KrutoviteNiAs2Iso. 23 : P213
2.EB.25PadmaitePdBiSeIso. 432
2.EB.25UllmanniteNiSbSIso. 23 : P213
2.EB.25Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsSIso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.30UrvantsevitePd(Bi,Pb)2Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
2.EB.35RheniiteReS2Tric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for VaesiteHide

References for VaesiteHide

Reference List:
Kerr, Paul F. (1945) Cattierite and vaesite: New Co-Ni minerals from the Belgian Congo. American Mineralogist, 30 (7-8) 483-497
KULLERUD, G., YUND, R. A. (1962) The Ni-S System and Related Minerals. Journal of Petrology, 3 (1) 126-175 doi:10.1093/petrology/3.1.126
Park, WonC. (1967) Early diagenetic framboidal pyrite, bravoite and vaesite from the Cave-In-Rock fluorspar district, southern Illinois. Mineralium Deposita, 2 (4). 372-375 doi:10.1007/bf00207028
Lutz, H. D.; Willich, P. (1974) Gitterschwingungsspektren. IX. Pyritstruktur. FIR‐Spektren und Normalkoordinatenanalyse von MnS2, FeS2 und NiS2. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 405 (2). 176-182 doi:10.1002/zaac.19744050207
Ostwald, J. (1980) Notes on a Co-Ni disulphide and a Co-Ni-Fe thiospinel from the Kalgoorlie district, Western Australia. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (331) 950-951 doi:10.1180/minmag.1980.043.331.24
Nowack, E., Schwarzenbach, D., Gonschorek, W., Hahn, T. (1989) Deformationsdichten in CoS2 und NiS2 mit pyritstruktur. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 186: 213-216.
Nowack, E.; Schwarzenbach, D.; Hahn, Th. (1991) Charge densities in CoS2 and NiS2 (pyrite structure). Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, 47 (5). 650-659 doi:10.1107/s0108768191004871
(2005) Vaesite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America
Gibbs, G. V., Downs, R. T., Prewitt, C. T., Rosso, K. M., Ross, N. L., Cox, D. F. (2005) Electron Density Distributions Calculated for the Nickel Sulfides Millerite, Vaesite, and Heazlewoodite and Nickel Metal:  A Case for the Importance of Ni−Ni Bond Paths for Electron Transport. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 109 (46). 21788-21795 doi:10.1021/jp054109a
Korinevsky, V. G. (2019) Vaesite (NiS2): the first finding in carbonatites. Vestnik of Institute of Geology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch RAS, 5. 13-19 doi:10.19110/2221-1381-2019-5-13-19
Ferreira, Helena M.; Lopes, Elsa B.; Malta, José F.; Ferreira, Luís M.; Casimiro, Maria H.; Santos, Luís; Pereira, Manuel F.C.; Pereira Gonçalves, Antonio (2019) Preparation, thermal stability and electrical transport properties of vaesite, NiS2. PeerJ Materials Science, 1. e2 doi:10.7717/peerj-matsci.2

Localities for VaesiteHide

Showing 149 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina
 
  • La Rioja Province
    • Vinchina department
      • Jagüé
        • Sierra de Cumichango
          • Quebrada de Cumichango
Anthony et al. (1990)
Australia
 
  • Western Australia
    • Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire
Marston (1984) +2 other references
    • Kondinin Shire
Marston (1984)
Austria
 
  • Salzburg
    • Hallein District
      • Scheffau am Tennengebirge
        • Moosegg
Kolitsch et al. (2026)
    • Tamsweg District
      • Muhr
Putz (2011)
    • Zell am See District
      • Fusch an der Grossglocknerstrasse
Kolitsch et al. (2018)
  • Tyrol
    • Kufstein District
      • Reith im Alpbachtal
        • St Gertraudi
          • Großkogel (Reither Kogel)
Putz et al. (2007)
Azerbaijan
 
  • Republic of Artsakh
    • Shahumyan Region
      • Agyataq
Anthony et al. (1990)
Bolivia
 
  • Potosí
    • Antonio Quijarro Province
      • Porco Municipality
Günter Grundmann collection +2 other references
Brazil
 
  • Pará
    • Canaã dos Carajás
      • Sossego mine
Monteiro et al. (2008)
Monteiro et al. (2008)
    • Curionópolis
Monteiro et al. (2008)
Bulgaria
 
  • Blagoevgrad Province
    • Satovcha Municipality
Bul. Acad. Sci. (1998)
  • Haskovo Province
    • Madzharovo Municipality
Anthony et al. (1990)
  • Pazardzhik Province
    • Panagyurishte Municipality
      • Panagyurishte
Strashimirov et al. (2002) +1 other reference
  • Sofia Province
    • Etropole Municipality
Georgiev (2008)
Canada
 
  • Northwest Territories
    • Great Slave Lake
      • Easter Island Dike
Graham et al. (2026)
  • Ontario
    • Cochrane District
      • Timmins
        • Kidd Township
Kidd Operations
    • Kenora District
      • Kapkichi Lake Area
Can Mineral 1984 22: 13-21
  • Saskatchewan
    • Athabasca Basin
Boulanger (2012)
  • Yukon
    • Mayo mining district
Deklerk et al. (compilers) +1 other reference
China
 
  • Gansu
    • Gannan
      • Luqu Co.
Dequan Shuai and Xiaojiang Hu (1995) +1 other reference
  • Guizhou
    • Zunyi
      • Bozhou District
        • Zunyi Ni-Mo-PGE-Au ore field
Guangdi Zhang et al. (2002) +2 other references
Kao et al. (2001)
  • Hunan
    • Chenzhou
      • Suxian District
Li et al. (2002)
    • Zhangjiajie
      • Cili Co.
Youyu Li et al. (1994)
  • Sichuan
    • Ngawa Autonomous Prefecture (Aba Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Zoigê Co. (Ruo'ergai Co.)
Jiajun Liu et al. (2000)
  • Tibet
    • Shannan Prefecture (Lhokha Prefecture; Lhoka Prefecture)
      • Qusum Co. (Qusong Co.)
Wang et al. (2023)
  • Xinjiang
    • Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture)
      • Yizhou District
        • Huangshan-Jing'erquan ore belt
Peiqing Hu et al. (2010)
  • Yunnan
    • Pu'er
      • Mojiang County
Kaiji Yu (1981) +2 other references
      • Zhenyuan County
        • Laowangzhai orefield
          • Zhenyuan Mine
Zhang et al. (2019)
    • Qujing
      • Luoping County
Li et al. (2018) +2 other references
  • Zhejiang
    • Hangzhou
      • Tonglu County
Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005)
    • Shaoxing
      • Zhuji Co.
Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005)
Huijin Lu and Jian Wang (2005)
Czech Republic
 
  • Karlovy Vary Region
Ondruš et al. (2003)
  • Liberec Region
Scharm +7 other references
DR Congo
 
  • Haut-Katanga
    • Kambove Territory
      • Shinkolobwe
304 [277]. +4 other references
www-pub.iaea.org (2023)
  • Lualaba
    • Mutshatsha
Lhoest (1992)
Finland
 
  • Lapland
    • Kittilä
Geological Survey of Finland 2008 ... +1 other reference
  • North Ostrobothnia
Vuorelainen et al. (1964) +1 other reference
Vuorelainen (1962)
France
 
  • New Caledonia
    • Northern Province
      • Canala
Ramdohr (1967)
  • Occitanie
    • Tarn
      • Castres
        • Mont-Roc
Alain Tuel collection
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Oberwolfach
Walenta (1980) +1 other reference
    • Karlsruhe Region
      • Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
        • Weinheim
          • Hohensachsen
            • Kohlbach
Nickel et al. (1985)
  • Hesse
    • Kassel Region
      • Hersfeld-Rotenburg
        • Nentershausen
Anthony et al. (1990)
          • Süß
            • Richelsdorf Smelter
Weiß (1990)
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Märkischer Kreis
Anthony et al. (1990)
      • Siegen-Wittgenstein
        • Burbach
Henrich et al. (2019)
    • Cologne
      • Aachen
        • Stolberg
          • Breinig
Graf et al. (1990)
          • Mausbach
Aufschluss 90 (2)
Aufschluss 90 (2)
Aufschluss 90 (2)
      • Euskirchen
        • Mechernich
Klemm et al. (1962)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Donnersbergkreis
      • Nordpfälzer Land
        • Obermoschel
Krupp (1989)
  • Saxony-Anhalt
    • Mansfeld-Südharz
      • Südharz
Gröbner et al. (2011)
Gröbner et al. (2011)
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
      • Marienberg
        • Lauta
Hajek (2010)
Lapis 30 (7/8)
  • Thuringia
    • Greiz District
      • Ronneburg
Witzke et al. (1998)
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza)
          • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
Voudouris et al. (2018)
Kolitsch et al. (2015) +2 other references
        • Km 3
          • Km 3 mines
Kolitsch et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Hungary
 
  • Baranya County
    • Pécs District
      • Kővágótöttös
Koch (1985)
India
 
  • Jharkhand
    • East Singhbhum District
      • Jadugora
Sinha et al. (2018)
Ireland
 
  • Munster
    • Tipperary County
      • Moyne
Frenzel et al. (2025)
Italy
 
  • Emilia-Romagna
    • Metropolitan City of Bologna
      • Castel di Casio
Pedroni et al. (1996)
        • Molino della Rovinaccia
Dalrio (1980) +1 other reference
      • Gaggio Montano
De Michele (1974) +3 other references
      • Monterenzio
        • San Clemente
Pedroni et al. (1996)
Pedroni et al. (1996)
Pedroni et al. (1996)
Pedroni et al. (1996)
- (n.d.)
    • Modena Province
      • Frassinoro
Borghi et al. (1996)
      • Montese
        • Castelluccio di Moscheda
Calanchi et al. (1975) +2 other references
Pedroni et al. (1996)
      • Sestola
        • Vesale
Pedroni et al. (1996)
    • Parma Province
      • Varsi
        • Lamberti
Marco Poli Collection
    • Reggio Emilia Province
      • Villa Minozzo
I minerali di varie ofioliti attorno a Villa Minozzo (RE)
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
Marchesini et al. (2025)
Marchesini et al. (2025)
  • Lombardy
    • Sondrio Province
      • Lanzada
Bedognè et al. (2006)
  • Sardinia
    • South Sardinia Province
      • Arburese
doi.org (n.d.) +1 other reference
Moroni et al. (2019)
      • Fluminimaggiore
doi.org (n.d.) +1 other reference
      • Gonnosfanadiga
Stara et al. (1996)
doi.org (n.d.) +1 other reference
  • Tuscany
    • Grosseto Province
AGMT (Associazione Geomineralogica Toscana)
AGMT (Associazione Geomineralogica Toscana)
    • Livorno Province
      • Livorno
Ciampalini et al. (2010) +1 other reference
    • Massa-Carrara Province
Orlandi et al. (1994) +1 other reference
        • Miseglie quarrying basin (Miseglia-Fantiscritti quarrying basin; Fantiscritti quarrying basin)
Orlandi et al. (2009) +1 other reference
        • Torano quarrying basin
Orlandi et al. (1989) +1 other reference
      • Massa
Gregorio et al. (1979)
    • Metropolitan City of Florence
      • Greve in Chianti
        • Strada in Chianti
Bonechi M.
Japan
 
  • Akita Prefecture
    • Kosaka
Kato (1973)
  • Gunma Prefecture
    • Fujioka City
Hori +1 other reference
Mongolia
 
  • Bayan-Ölgii Province
    • Bugat District
      • Tolbonur ore cluster
Borisenko et al. (1999)
Morocco
 
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
Weiß (2006)
    • Tinghir Province
      • Tinghir Cercle
        • Imiter mining district
Barral et al. (2008)
North Macedonia
 
  • Lipkovo Municipality
Antonović +6 other references
Norway
 
  • Rogaland
    • Sokndal
Kronos
  • Telemark
    • Bamble
      • Bamble Nickel Mines
        • Nystein
Neumann (1985)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Głogów County
      • Gmina Jerzmanowa
Lis et al. (1986)
Harańczyk 1972: Mineralizacja ...
Piestrzyński et al. (2012)
    • Lubin County
      • Gmina Lubin
Harańczyk 1972: Mineralizacja ...
Lis et al. (1986)
  • Silesian Voivodeship
    • Gliwice County
      • Knurów
Eligiusz Szełęg collection
Romania
 
  • Bihor County
www.researchgate.net (n.d.)
    • Nucet
Cook et al. (2002) +1 other reference
  • Caraş-Severin County
Cook et al. (2002)
Russia
 
  • Adygea (Republic of Adygea)
    • Maykopsky District
Pekov I.V. et al. (2010)
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Miass River
Zaykov et al. (2017)
    • Plastovsky District
      • Svetlyi
Korinevsky et al. (2022)
  • Krasnoyarsk Krai
    • Lysanskiy dunite-peridotite-gabbro complex
Barkov et al. (2018)
Saudi Arabia
 
  • Medina Region
Nehlig et al. (1999)
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Poltár District
Maťo et al. (stredné Slovensko)
    • Revúca District
Szakáll (2002)
  • Košice Region
    • Gelnica District
Koděra et al. (1986)
Grecula (1995)
      • Smolnícka Huta
Koděra et al. (1986)
    • Košice-okolie District
      • Medzev
Koděra et al. (1986)
South Africa
 
  • Free State
    • Lejweleputswa District Municipality
      • Tokologo Local Municipality
        • Boshof
Hughes et al. (2021)
Spain
 
  • Castile and Leon
    • León
Anthony et al. (1990)
        • Villanueva de Pontedo
Martínez i Cantó (2015)
  • Catalonia
    • Tarragona
      • Conca de Barberà
        • Vimbodí i Poblet
          • Bosc de Poblet
Econ Geol (1992)
      • Priorat
        • Bellmunt del Priorat
Joan Abella i Creus (2008)
  • Valencian Community
González-Jiménez et al. (2026)
González-Jiménez et al. (2026)
UK
 
  • England
    • Northumberland
      • Newbrough
Ixer et al. (1998)
  • Scotland
    • Highland
      • Fort William and Ardnamurchan
Graham et al. (2017)
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Coconino County
      • Orphan Mining District
        • Grand Canyon Village
- (United States) +4 other references
  • California
    • Sonoma County
      • Coast Range
        • Guerneville Mining District
          • Guerneville
Henderson (1969) +2 other references
  • Idaho
    • Lemhi County
      • Blackbird Mining District
Holley et al. (2023)
  • Illinois
    • Hardin County
      • Cave-In-Rock Mining Sub-District
Goldstein (1997)
        • Ozark-Mahoning group
Goldstein (1997)
  • Maine
    • Knox County
      • Union
Rainville et al. (1976)
  • Missouri
    • Iron County
      • Bixby
Sherwood et al. (1998)
Rocks & Min. Mar. 1998
    • Reynolds County
      • Ellington
Rocks & Min.:64:22&26. +1 other reference
      • West Fork
Sherwood et al. (1998)
Leach et al. (1995)
Zambia
 
  • North-Western Province
    • Kalumbila District
Capistrant (2013) +1 other reference
Zimbabwe
 
  • Matabeleland South
    • Insiza District
Pirajno et al. (2013)
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