Pucherite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Pucherite
Formula:
Bi(VO4)
Colour:
Reddish brown, dark reddish brown, greenish-brown, orange, yellowish brown; yellow-brown in transmitted light
Lustre:
Adamantine, Vitreous
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
6.69 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
for the type locality, the Pucher shaft, Wolfgang Mine, Schneeberg, Saxony, Germany
Type Locality:
Polymorph of:
The orthorhombic polymorph of Clinobisvanite and Dreyerite.
An uncommon secondary mineral occurring as an alteration product of other bismuth minerals in the oxidized zones of some hydrothermal ore deposits or in zoned granitic pegmatites.
An uncommon secondary mineral occurring as an alteration product of other bismuth minerals in the oxidized zones of some hydrothermal ore deposits or in zoned granitic pegmatites.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3306
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3306:6
Similar Names
| Fuchérite | A synonym of Delvauxite |
IMA Classification of Pucherite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Bi3+V5+O4
Classification of Pucherite
8.AD.40
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
38.4.6.1
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
21.3.13
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
3 : Vanadates of Al, rare earths, Pb, V or Bi
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
3 : Vanadates of Al, rare earths, Pb, V or Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Puc | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Pucherite
Adamantine, Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Reddish brown, dark reddish brown, greenish-brown, orange, yellowish brown; yellow-brown in transmitted light
Streak:
Yellow
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {001}, perfect
On {001}, perfect
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
6.69 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Pucherite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 2.41 nβ = 2.5 nγ = 2.51
2V:
Measured: 19° , Calculated: 34°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.100
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
marked to extreme
Optical Extinction:
X = c; Y = a; Z = b.
Chemistry of Pucherite
Mindat Formula:
Bi(VO4)
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Pucherite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.328 Å, b = 5.052 Å, c = 12.003 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.055 : 1 : 2.376
Unit Cell V:
323.09 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals equant to tabular {001}, often exhibiting curved faces and a marked composite structure; may be acicular. {111} striated parallel to the edge {001} {111}. Numerous forms, including {001}, {111}, {011}, and {112} may be present. As coatings of minute crystals; ocherous; massive.
Comment:
Space group = Pnca
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0012027 | Pucherite | Mereiter K, Preisinger A (1986) Kristallstrukturdaten der wismutminerale atelestit, mixit und pucherit Anzeiger der Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften 123 79-81 | 1986 | Schneeberg, Saxony, Germany | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018353 | Pucherite | Granzin J, Pohl D (1969) Refinement of pucherite, BiVO4 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 169 289-294 |  | 1969 | Schneeberg, Saxony | 0 | 293 |
| 0000057 | Pucherite | Qurashi M M, Barnes W H (1953) The structure of pucherite, BiVO4 American Mineralogist 38 489-500 | | 1953 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000054 | Pucherite | Qurashi M M, Barnes W H (1952) A preliminary structure for pucherite, BiVO4 American Mineralogist 37 423-426 | | 1952 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.499 Å | (100) |
| 2.702 Å | (100) |
| 4.644 Å | (55) |
| 3.982 Å | (55) |
| 2.992 Å | (45) |
| 1.992 Å | (45b) |
| 2.133 Å | (40) |
Comments:
Schneeberg, Germany. ICDD 12-293.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] | |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Pucherite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Pucherite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 18 photos of Pucherite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 14 photos of Pucherite associated with Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| 9 photos of Pucherite associated with Schumacherite | Bi3(VO4)2O(OH) |
| 9 photos of Pucherite associated with Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| 9 photos of Pucherite associated with Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
| 7 photos of Pucherite associated with Lepidolite | |
| 6 photos of Pucherite associated with 'Cleavelandite' | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| 3 photos of Pucherite associated with 'Rubellite' | |
| 3 photos of Pucherite associated with Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| 2 photos of Pucherite associated with Petitjeanite | Bi3(PO4)2O(OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.AD. | 'Unnamed (Monoclinic polymorph of ximengite)' | Bi(PO4) |
| 8.AD. | Keplerite | Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7 |
| 8.AD. | Mazorite | Ba3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AD. | Deynekoite | Ca9◻Fe3+(PO4)7 |
| 8.AD. | Monazite-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.05 | Nahpoite | Na2(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.10 | Weilite | Ca(HAsO4) |
| 8.AD.10 | Švenekite | Ca(H2AsO4)2 |
| 8.AD.10 | Monetite | Ca(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.15 | Archerite | (K,NH4)(H2PO4) |
| 8.AD.15 | Biphosphammite | NH4(H2PO4) |
| 8.AD.20 | Phosphammite | (NH4)2(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.25 | Buchwaldite | NaCa(PO4) |
| 8.AD.30 | Schulténite | Pb(HAsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Dreyerite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(La) | La(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Anningite-(Ce) | (Ca0.5Ce4+0.5)(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Pretulite | Sc(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Ce) | Ce(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Y) | Y(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Yb) | Yb(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | 'Chernovite-(Ce)' | (Ce,Y)(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Chernovite-(Y) | Y(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Nd) | Nd(VO4) |
| 8.AD.45 | Ximengite | Bi(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | 'UM2005-35-VO:CaFePSiTh' | (Th,Ca)(VO4,SiO4,PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Rooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(Ce) | Ce(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Sm) | Sm(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(La) | La(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(La) | La(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Cheralite | CaTh(PO4)2 |
| 8.AD.55 | Tetrarooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.60 | Chursinite | [Hg2]2+Hg2+2[AsO4]2 |
| 8.AD.65 | Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.70 | Gurimite | Ba3(VO4)2 |
| 8.AD.75 | Picaite | NaCa[AsO3OH][AsO2(OH)2] |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in HCl with evolution of chlorine to a deep red solution, which turns green upon dilution and deposits a yellow basic chloride.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Pucherite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3306.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Pucherite
Reference List:
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.123
Barnes, M. M. Qurashi & W. H. (1952) A preliminary structure for pucherite, BiVO4. American Mineralogist, 37 (5-6) 423-426
Qurashi, M. M., Barnes, W. H. (1953) The structure of pucherite, BiVO4. American Mineralogist, 38 (5-6) 489-500
Sleight, A.W.; Chen, H.-Y.; Ferretti, A.; Cox, D.E. (1979) Crystal growth and structure of BiVO4. Materials Research Bulletin, 14 (12). p.1571-1581. doi:10.1016/0025-5408(72)90227-9
Granzin, J.; Pohl, D. (1984) Refinement of pucherite, BiVO4. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 169 (1-4). p.289-294. doi:10.1524/zkri.1984.169.1-4.289
Frost, Ray L., Henry, Dermot A., Weier, Matt L., Martens, Wayde (2006) Raman spectroscopy of three polymorphs of BiVO4: clinobisvanite, dreyerite and pucherite, with comparisons to (VO4)3-bearing minerals: namibite, pottsite and schumacherite. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 37 (7). 722-732 doi:10.1002/jrs.1499
Localities for Pucherite
Showing 68 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Bardelli et al. (2018) |
Australia | |
| Confirmed by Peter Elliot |
| Dunning et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Report of the Department of Mines for ... +1 other reference |
| Jacobson et al. (2007) +2 other references |
| Grguric et al. (2006) |
| Bridge et al. (1974) |
| Jacobson et al. (2007) |
| Bridge et al. (1974) |
| Simpson (1948) |
| Simpson et al. (1948) |
| Simpson (1948) |
Brazil | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
China | |
| A. V. Voloshin et al. (1983) |
Czech Republic | |
| Dunning et al. (1998) |
| Hloušek et al. (2002) | |
| Sejkora et al. (1998) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1999) +3 other references |
| Schwarzmeier et al. (2015) +2 other references |
| |
| Petitjean et al. (2000) |
| Collection of Steffen Michalski | |
| Lapis (10) | |
| Dana et al. (1892) +1 other reference |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Massanek et al. (2005) |
| |
| Massanek et al. (2005) | |
| Massanek et al. (2005) |
| Schlegel et al. (1996) |
| A. Frenzel (1871) +1 other reference |
| Schlegel et al. (1996) | |
| Gröbner et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Professor Seiichiro Uehara |
| Miyawaki et al (1999) |
| - (2002) | |
Madagascar | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-1520 |
| Behier (1963) |
| Behier (1963) |
| Behier (1963) |
| Larsen (2003) |
| Ranorosoa (1986) |
| Behier (1963) |
| Lacroix (1922) |
| Lacroix (1922) +1 other reference |
Mozambique | |
| Wilson et al. (2000) |
| Wilson et al. (2000) |
| Gomes et al. (2022) | |
Namibia | |
| Bezing et al. (2007) |
Poland | |
| Pieczka et al. (2018) |
| Kozłowski et al. (2016) |
| Kozłowski et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022) |
| Castillo-Oliver et al. (2019) |
| Sainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2023) |
| Sainz de Baranda Graf et al. (2023) |
USA | |
| Dunning et al. (1998) |
| Mark Mauthner |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference | |
| Jahns et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Jahns et al. (1951) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Jahns et al. (1951) +2 other references | |
| Jahns et al. (1951) +2 other references | |
| Foord et al. (1989) +1 other reference |
| 4th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium (1985) +1 other reference |
Quick NavTopAbout PucheriteUnique IdentifiersSimilar NamesIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence Other LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Point 14.0, Hohenstein, Reichenbach, Lautertal, Bergstraße, Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany