Dreyerite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Dreyerite
Formula:
Bi(VO4)
Colour:
Orange-yellow, brownish-yellow
Lustre:
Adamantine
Hardness:
2 - 3
Specific Gravity:
6.25 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Named after Gerhard Dreyer (23 June 1944, Landstuhl, Germany - 31 August 1978), Assistant Professor, Johannes Guterberg University, Mainz, Germany, who discovered the mineral.
Polymorph of:
The tetragonal polymorph of Pucherite and Clinobisvanite. The rarest of the three polymorphs of BiVO4.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1320
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1320:4
Similar Names
| Reyerite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | (Na,K)2Ca14(Si,Al)24O58(OH)8 · 6H2O |
IMA Classification of Dreyerite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Bi3+V5+O4
Approval year:
1978
First published:
1981
Classification of Dreyerite
8.AD.35
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
38.4.8.1
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
21.3.12
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
3 : Vanadates of Al, rare earths, Pb, V or Bi
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
3 : Vanadates of Al, rare earths, Pb, V or Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Dye | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Dreyerite
Adamantine
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Orange-yellow, brownish-yellow
Streak:
Yellow
Hardness:
2 - 3 on Mohs scale
Density:
6.25 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Dreyerite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
O = bright yellow
E = brownish yellow
E = brownish yellow
Comments:
Refractive indicies > 2
Chemistry of Dreyerite
Mindat Formula:
Bi(VO4)
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Dreyerite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I41/amd
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.303(3) Å, c = 6.584(3) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.902
Unit Cell V:
351.15 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Platy crystals to 0.5 mm.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014769 | Dreyerite | Dreyer G, Tillmanns E (1981) Dreyerite: ein naturliches, tetragonales wismutvanadat von Hirschhorn/Pfalz Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1981 151-154 | 1981 | Hirschhorn, Pfalz, Germany | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.656 Å | (100) |
| 2.739 Å | (60) |
| 4.85 Å | (40) |
| 1.878 Å | (40) |
| 2.918 Å | (20) |
| 2.280 Å | (20) |
| 2.583 Å | (15) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 9 : Lava/xenolith minerals (hornfels, sanidinite facies) | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 53 : Other minerals with taphonomic origins | <0.4 |
Geological Setting:
Rhyolite tuffs.
Type Occurrence of Dreyerite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Plates parallel (001), 20-50 µm thick, and up to 0.5 mm in diameter.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 159922.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 159922.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Rhyolitic ash tuff.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Dreyerite
Other Language Names for Dreyerite
Common Associates
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.AD. | 'Unnamed (Monoclinic polymorph of ximengite)' | Bi(PO4) |
| 8.AD. | Keplerite | Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7 |
| 8.AD. | Mazorite | Ba3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AD. | Deynekoite | Ca9◻Fe3+(PO4)7 |
| 8.AD. | Monazite-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.05 | Nahpoite | Na2(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.10 | Weilite | Ca(HAsO4) |
| 8.AD.10 | Švenekite | Ca(H2AsO4)2 |
| 8.AD.10 | Monetite | Ca(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.15 | Archerite | (K,NH4)(H2PO4) |
| 8.AD.15 | Biphosphammite | NH4(H2PO4) |
| 8.AD.20 | Phosphammite | (NH4)2(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.25 | Buchwaldite | NaCa(PO4) |
| 8.AD.30 | Schulténite | Pb(HAsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(La) | La(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Anningite-(Ce) | (Ca0.5Ce4+0.5)(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Pretulite | Sc(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Ce) | Ce(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Y) | Y(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Yb) | Yb(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | 'Chernovite-(Ce)' | (Ce,Y)(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Chernovite-(Y) | Y(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Nd) | Nd(VO4) |
| 8.AD.40 | Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.45 | Ximengite | Bi(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | 'UM2005-35-VO:CaFePSiTh' | (Th,Ca)(VO4,SiO4,PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Rooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(Ce) | Ce(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Sm) | Sm(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(La) | La(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(La) | La(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Cheralite | CaTh(PO4)2 |
| 8.AD.55 | Tetrarooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.60 | Chursinite | [Hg2]2+Hg2+2[AsO4]2 |
| 8.AD.65 | Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.70 | Gurimite | Ba3(VO4)2 |
| 8.AD.75 | Picaite | NaCa[AsO3OH][AsO2(OH)2] |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Dreyerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1320.html
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References for Dreyerite
Reference List:
HAZEN, R. M., MARIATHASAN, J. W. E. (1982) Bismuth Vanadate: A High-Pressure, High-Temperature Crystallographic Study of the Ferroelastic-Paraelastic Transition. Science, 216 (4549). 991-993 doi:10.1126/science.216.4549.991
Frost, Ray L., Henry, Dermot A., Weier, Matt L., Martens, Wayde (2006) Raman spectroscopy of three polymorphs of BiVO4: clinobisvanite, dreyerite and pucherite, with comparisons to (VO4)3-bearing minerals: namibite, pottsite and schumacherite. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 37 (7). 722-732 doi:10.1002/jrs.1499
Localities for Dreyerite
Showing 4 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Collier et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2005) |
| Dreyer +2 other references |
| Belendorff (2009) |
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Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany