Wakefieldite-(Y)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Wakefieldite-(Y)
Former Wakefield Lake
Formula:
Y(VO4)
Colour:
Pale tan, yellow, canary yellow, yellow-brown,
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
4.25 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Originally named simply wakefieldite for Wakefield Lake that lies 2 km SSW of the type locality, the Evans-Lou pegmatite. The lake has since been renamed Lac Saint-Pierre. The suffix was added in 1987 to denote the dominant rare earth element.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4234
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4234:1
Similar Names
| Wakefieldite | ||
| Wakefieldite-(Ce) | A valid IMA mineral species | Ce(VO4) |
| Wakefieldite-(La) | A valid IMA mineral species | La(VO4) |
| Wakefieldite-(Nd) | A valid IMA mineral species | Nd(VO4) |
IMA Classification of Wakefieldite-(Y)
Approved
IMA Formula:
YVO4
Approval year:
1969
First published:
1971
Classification of Wakefieldite-(Y)
8.AD.35
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
38.4.11.3
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
21.3.7
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
3 : Vanadates of Al, rare earths, Pb, V or Bi
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
3 : Vanadates of Al, rare earths, Pb, V or Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Wf-Y | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Wakefieldite-(Y)
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Wakefieldite-(Y)
Colour:
Pale tan, yellow, canary yellow, yellow-brown,
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Comment:
Approximately equal to that of apatite.
Density:
4.25 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Wakefieldite-(Y)
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 2 nε = 2.14
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.140
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Chemistry of Wakefieldite-(Y)
Mindat Formula:
Y(VO4)
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Wakefieldite-(Y)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I41/amd
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.105(3) Å, c = 6.20(1) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.873
Unit Cell V:
312.98 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0018527 | Wakefieldite-(Y) | Cadoni M, Ciriotti M E, Ferraris G (2011) Wakefieldite-(Y) from Montaldo di Mondovi (Italy): new data and crystal structure Rendiconti Lincei Scienze Fisiche e Naturali 22 307-314 | 2011 | Montaldo di Mondovi, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
| 0013802 | Wakefieldite-(Y) | Chakoumakos B C, Abraham M M, Boatner L A (1994) Crystal structure refinements of zircon-type MVO4 (M = Sc, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) Journal of Solid State Chemistry 109 197-202 | 1994 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0009472 | Wakefieldite-(Y) | Lohmuller G, Schmidt G, Deppisch B, Gramlich V, Scheringer C (1973) Die kristallstrukturen von yttrium-vanadat, lutetium-phosphat und lutetium-arsenat Acta Crystallographica B29 141-142 |  | 1973 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0018037 | Wakefieldite-(Y) | Broch E (1933) Die Kristallstruktur von Yttriumvanadat _cod_database_code 1011156 Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie B20 345-350 | 1933 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.74 Å | (17) |
| 3.56 Å | (100) |
| 2.66 Å | (50) |
| 2.51 Å | (30) |
| 2.21 Å | (25) |
| 1.824 Å | (75) |
| 1.774 Å | (20) |
Comments:
Evans-Lou Mine, Québec, Canada. Data from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Type Occurrence of Wakefieldite-(Y)
General Appearance of Type Material:
A pale tan pulverulent masses filling cavities in quartz.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 12165.
University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M30382.
University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M30382.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
A zoned granite pegmatite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Wakefieldite-(Y)
Wakefieldite (in part)
Other Language Names for Wakefieldite-(Y)
Relationship of Wakefieldite-(Y) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Xenotime Group:
| Anningite-(Ce) | (Ca0.5Ce4+0.5)(VO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Chernovite-(Y) | Y(AsO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Pretulite | Sc(PO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Wakefieldite-(Ce) | Ce(VO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Wakefieldite-(La) | La(VO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Wakefieldite-(Nd) | Nd(VO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Xenotime-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Xenotime-(Yb) | Yb(PO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 4 photos of Wakefieldite-(Y) associated with Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| 1 photo of Wakefieldite-(Y) associated with Kainosite-(Y) | Ca2Y2(SiO3)4(CO3) · H2O |
| 1 photo of Wakefieldite-(Y) associated with Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| 1 photo of Wakefieldite-(Y) associated with Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| 1 photo of Wakefieldite-(Y) associated with Hellandite-(Y) | (Ca,REE)4Y2Al◻2(B4Si4O22) (OH)2 |
| 1 photo of Wakefieldite-(Y) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.AD. | 'Unnamed (Monoclinic polymorph of ximengite)' | Bi(PO4) |
| 8.AD. | Keplerite | Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7 |
| 8.AD. | Mazorite | Ba3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AD. | Deynekoite | Ca9◻Fe3+(PO4)7 |
| 8.AD. | Monazite-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.05 | Nahpoite | Na2(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.10 | Weilite | Ca(HAsO4) |
| 8.AD.10 | Švenekite | Ca(H2AsO4)2 |
| 8.AD.10 | Monetite | Ca(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.15 | Archerite | (K,NH4)(H2PO4) |
| 8.AD.15 | Biphosphammite | NH4(H2PO4) |
| 8.AD.20 | Phosphammite | (NH4)2(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.25 | Buchwaldite | NaCa(PO4) |
| 8.AD.30 | Schultenite | Pb(HAsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Dreyerite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(La) | La(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Anningite-(Ce) | (Ca0.5Ce4+0.5)(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Pretulite | Sc(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Ce) | Ce(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Yb) | Yb(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | 'Chernovite-(Ce)' | (Ce,Y)(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Chernovite-(Y) | Y(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Nd) | Nd(VO4) |
| 8.AD.40 | Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.45 | Ximengite | Bi(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | 'UM2005-35-VO:CaFePSiTh' | (Th,Ca)(VO4,SiO4,PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Rooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(Ce) | Ce(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Sm) | Sm(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(La) | La(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(La) | La(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Cheralite | CaTh(PO4)2 |
| 8.AD.55 | Tetrarooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.60 | Chursinite | [Hg2]2+Hg2+2[AsO4]2 |
| 8.AD.65 | Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.70 | Gurimite | Ba3(VO4)2 |
| 8.AD.75 | Picaite | NaCa[AsO3OH][AsO2(OH)2] |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Wakefieldite-(Y)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4234.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Wakefieldite-(Y)
Reference List:
Hogarth, D.D. and Miles, N.M. (1969) Wakefieldite, natural YVO4. Canadian Mineralogist: 10: 136-137.
M, Norman, Miles,, Hogarth, Donald D., Russell, and Douglas S. (1971) Wakefieldite, yttrium vanadate, a new mineral from Quebec. American Mineralogist, 56 (3-4) 395-410
M, Norman, Miles,, Hogarth, Donald D., Russell, and Douglas S. (1971) Wakefieldite, yttrium vanadate, a new mineral from Quebec. American Mineralogist, 56 (3-4) 395-410
Localities for Wakefieldite-(Y)
Showing 11 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2021) |
Brazil | |
| Barbosa et al. (2000) |
Canada (TL) | |
| M et al. (1971) |
Egypt | |
| Sallam et al. (2014) |
Italy | |
| Cadoni et al. (2011) |
Switzerland | |
| Gianluca Armellino et al. (2025) |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Carlson et al. (2007) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
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Montaldo Mine, Borgata Oberti, Montaldo di Mondovì, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy