Wakefieldite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Formula:
Ce(VO4)
Colour:
Black
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Originally named kusuïte for the Kusu deposit, 85 km SW of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Renamed to wakefieldite-(Ce) in 1987, when, at the same time, wakefieldite was renamed wakefieldite-(Y). The original wakefieldite was named for the lake (originally called Lake Wakefield, now called Lac Saint-Pierre) near its type locality, the Evans-Lou mine.
Type Locality:
Xenotime Group.
The Ce analogue of wakefieldite-(Y), wakefieldite-(La) and wakefieldite-(Nd).
A solid solution involving Ce- and Y-dominant wakefieldite was recently found, together with As-rich xenotime-(Y), as a probable secondary mineral in silicified Agathoxylon wood (Matisová et al., 2016).
The Ce analogue of wakefieldite-(Y), wakefieldite-(La) and wakefieldite-(Nd).
A solid solution involving Ce- and Y-dominant wakefieldite was recently found, together with As-rich xenotime-(Y), as a probable secondary mineral in silicified Agathoxylon wood (Matisová et al., 2016).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4233
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4233:4
Similar Names
| Wakefieldite | ||
| Wakefieldite-(La) | A valid IMA mineral species | La(VO4) |
| Wakefieldite-(Nd) | A valid IMA mineral species | Nd(VO4) |
| Wakefieldite-(Y) | A valid IMA mineral species | Y(VO4) |
IMA Classification of Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Approved
IMA Formula:
Ce3+V5+O4
Classification of Wakefieldite-(Ce)
8.AD.35
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
38.4.11.4
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
4 : AXO4
21.3.8
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
3 : Vanadates of Al, rare earths, Pb, V or Bi
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
3 : Vanadates of Al, rare earths, Pb, V or Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Wf-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Rusty-brown
Chemistry of Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
Ce(VO4)
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I41/amd
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.34 Å, c = 6.50 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.886
Unit Cell V:
350.19 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Dipyramidal (pseudo-octahedral) or prismatic [001]
Comment:
Unit-cell parameters variable: 7.33-7.35, 6.45-6.56 A.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0013801 | Wakefieldite-(Ce) | Chakoumakos B C, Abraham M M, Boatner L A (1994) Crystal structure refinements of zircon-type MVO4 (M = Sc, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) Journal of Solid State Chemistry 109 197-202 | 1994 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012088 | Wakefieldite-(Ce) | Baudracco-Gritti C, Quartieri S, Vezzalini G, Permingeat F, Pillard F, Rinaldi R (1987) Une wakefieldite-(Ce) non plombifere: nouvelles donnees sur l'espece minerale correspondant a l'orthovanadate de cerium Bulletin de Mineralogie 110 657-663 | 1987 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.89 Å | (50) |
| 3.678 Å | (100) |
| 2.766 Å | (90) |
| 2.594 Å | (40) |
| 2.291 Å | (30) |
| 1.891 Å | (70) |
| 1.638 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Type Occurrence of Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Synonyms of Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Wakefieldite (in part)
Other Language Names for Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Relationship of Wakefieldite-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Xenotime Group:
| Anningite-(Ce) | (Ca0.5Ce4+0.5)(VO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Chernovite-(Y) | Y(AsO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Pretulite | Sc(PO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Wakefieldite-(La) | La(VO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Wakefieldite-(Nd) | Nd(VO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
| Wakefieldite-(Y) | Y(VO4) | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 3 photos of Wakefieldite-(Ce) associated with Thomsonite Subgroup | |
| 3 photos of Wakefieldite-(Ce) associated with Heulandite-Sr | (Sr,Na,Ca)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 24H2O |
| 2 photos of Wakefieldite-(Ce) associated with Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| 1 photo of Wakefieldite-(Ce) associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 1 photo of Wakefieldite-(Ce) associated with Lenoblite | V4+2O4 · 2H2O |
| 1 photo of Wakefieldite-(Ce) associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 1 photo of Wakefieldite-(Ce) associated with Brewsterite Subgroup | |
| 1 photo of Wakefieldite-(Ce) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.AD. | 'Unnamed (Monoclinic polymorph of ximengite)' | Bi(PO4) |
| 8.AD. | Keplerite | Ca9(Ca0.5◻0.5)Mg(PO4)7 |
| 8.AD. | Mazorite | Ba3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AD. | Deynekoite | Ca9◻Fe3+(PO4)7 |
| 8.AD. | Monazite-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.05 | Nahpoite | Na2(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.10 | Weilite | Ca(HAsO4) |
| 8.AD.10 | Švenekite | Ca(H2AsO4)2 |
| 8.AD.10 | Monetite | Ca(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.15 | Archerite | (K,NH4)(H2PO4) |
| 8.AD.15 | Biphosphammite | NH4(H2PO4) |
| 8.AD.20 | Phosphammite | (NH4)2(PO3OH) |
| 8.AD.25 | Buchwaldite | NaCa(PO4) |
| 8.AD.30 | Schulténite | Pb(HAsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Dreyerite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(La) | La(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Anningite-(Ce) | (Ca0.5Ce4+0.5)(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Pretulite | Sc(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Y) | Y(VO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Yb) | Yb(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | 'Chernovite-(Ce)' | (Ce,Y)(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Gd) | Gd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Chernovite-(Y) | Y(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| 8.AD.35 | Wakefieldite-(Nd) | Nd(VO4) |
| 8.AD.40 | Pucherite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.45 | Ximengite | Bi(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | 'UM2005-35-VO:CaFePSiTh' | (Th,Ca)(VO4,SiO4,PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Rooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(Ce) | Ce(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Sm) | Sm(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(La) | La(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Monazite-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Gasparite-(La) | La(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.50 | Cheralite | CaTh(PO4)2 |
| 8.AD.55 | Tetrarooseveltite | Bi(AsO4) |
| 8.AD.60 | Chursinite | [Hg2]2+Hg2+2[AsO4]2 |
| 8.AD.65 | Clinobisvanite | Bi(VO4) |
| 8.AD.70 | Gurimite | Ba3(VO4)2 |
| 8.AD.75 | Picaite | NaCa[AsO3OH][AsO2(OH)2] |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Wakefieldite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4233.html
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References for Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Deliens, Michel, Piret, Paul (1977) La kusuïte, (Ce3+,Pb2+,Pb4+) VO4, nouveau minéral. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 100 (1) 39-41 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1977.7116(as kusuïte)
Fleischer, Michael, Pabst, Adolf, Mandarino, J. A., Chao, George Y. (1977) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 62 (9-10) 1057-1061
Deliens, Michel, Piret, Paul (1986) La kusuïte devient la wakefïeldite-(Ce) plombifère. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 109 (3) 305 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1986.7938
Baudracco-Gritti, Célestine, Quartieri, Simona, Vezzalini, Giovanna, Permingeat, François, Pillard, François, Rinaldi, Romano (1987) Une wakefieldite-(Ce) non plombifère : nouvelles données sur l'espèce minérale correspondant à l'orthovanadate de cérium. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 110 (6) 657-663 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1987.8010
Jambor, John L.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Ercit, T. Scott; Grice, Joel D.; Grew, Edward S. (1988) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 73 (7-8). 927-935
Matysová, Petra, Götze, Jens, Leichmann, Jaromír, Škoda, Radek, Strnad, Ladislav, Drahota, Petr, Grygar, Tomáš Matys (2016) Cathodoluminescence and LA-ICP-MS chemistry of silicified wood enclosing wakefieldite – REEs and V migration during complex diagenetic evolution. European Journal of Mineralogy, 28 (5) 869-887 doi:10.1127/ejm/2016/0028-2556
Localities for Wakefieldite-(Ce)
Showing 14 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Bakker RJ (2006) |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) |
Canada | |
| Tschernich (1992) |
Czech Republic | |
| Matýsek D. (2013) |
DR Congo (TL) | |
| Deliens et al. (1986) +1 other reference |
| Deliens et al. (1986) |
Germany | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Blass et al. (2006) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
Italy | |
| Tumiati S. et al. (2020) |
| Matteo Giai et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
Jordan | |
| Sokol +9 other references |
Morocco | |
| Baudracco-Gritti et al. (1987) |
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Yellow Lake, Olalla, Osoyoos Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada