Montebrasite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Montebrasite
Formula:
LiAl(PO4)(OH)
Colour:
White, colorless, gray white, very pale brown, pale pink, pale yellow
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy, Pearly
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Specific Gravity:
2.98 - 3.04
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by Alfred Des Cloizeaux (1817-1897) in 1871 for the type locality, the Montebras Mine, Montebras-en-Soumans, Boussac, Creuse, Limousin, France. [Previous attempts by Des Cloizeaux to name montebrasite were rejected as his analyses indicated he had specimens in the amblygonite portion of the F-OH series (King and Foord, 1994).]
Isostructural with:
Amblygonite-Montebrasite Series. The hydroxyl analogue of Amblygonite.
Montebrasite is, by far, the most common member of the group. Amblygonite is scarce.
Occurs chiefly in granite pegmatites of the lithium- and phosphate-rich type. Crystals may be enormous in size (> 1 m).
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Montebrasite.
Montebrasite is, by far, the most common member of the group. Amblygonite is scarce.
Occurs chiefly in granite pegmatites of the lithium- and phosphate-rich type. Crystals may be enormous in size (> 1 m).
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Montebrasite.Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2763
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2763:8
IMA Classification of Montebrasite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
LiAlPO4(OH)
Classification of Montebrasite
8.BB.05
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
41.5.8.2
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
5 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
19.8.1
19 : Phosphates
8 : Phosphates of Al and other metals
19 : Phosphates
8 : Phosphates of Al and other metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Mbs | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Mbr | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Montebrasite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Slightly pearly on well-developed cleavages.
Colour:
White, colorless, gray white, very pale brown, pale pink, pale yellow
Comment:
May be colored by inclusions
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {100}, good on {110}, distinct on {011}, and on {001}, imperfect.
Perfect on {100}, good on {110}, distinct on {011}, and on {001}, imperfect.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
2.98 - 3.04 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.03 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Value for montebrasite end-member ~ 2.98.
Optical Data of Montebrasite
Type:
Biaxial (+/-)
RI values:
nα = 1.594 - 1.615 nβ = 1.608 - 1.624 nγ = 1.616 - 1.645
2V:
Measured: 66° to 101°, Calculated: 52° to 88°
Birefringence:
0.026
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.022 - 0.030
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r < v
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Montebrasite
Mindat Formula:
LiAl(PO4)(OH)
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Na
Crystallography of Montebrasite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Setting:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.713(1) Å, b = 7.708(1) Å, c = 7.0194(7) Å
α = 91.31(1)°, β = 117.93(1)°, γ = 91.77(1)°
α = 91.31(1)°, β = 117.93(1)°, γ = 91.77(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.871 : 1 : 0.911
Unit Cell V:
320.46 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crude blocky crystals, typically equant to short prismatic [010], with complex form development, to 1.5 meters; also occurs as large cleavable masses; columnar; compact.
Twinning:
On {111}, common, with composition plane {111} with the resulting twins commonly tabular parallel to {111} and the twinned individuals of about equal size; also tabular {110} and the twinned individuals of very unequal size. Also twins on {111}, rare; lamellar. Microscopic polysynthetic twinning is common.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0002965 | Montebrasite | Groat L A, Chakoumakos B C, Brouwer D H, Hoffman C M, Fyfe C A, Morell H, Schultz A J (2003) The amblygonite (LiAlPO4F) - montebrasite (LiAlPO4OH) solid solution: A combined powder and single-crystal neutron diffraction and solid-state Li MAS, CP MAS, and REDOR NMR study American Mineralogist 88 195-210 |  | 2003 | 0 | 295 | |
| 0002960 | Montebrasite | Groat L A, Chakoumakos B C, Brouwer D H, Hoffman C M, Fyfe C A, Morell H, Schultz A J (2003) The amblygonite (LiAlPO4F) - montebrasite (LiAlPO4OH) solid solution: A combined powder and single-crystal neutron diffraction and solid-state Li MAS, CP MAS, and REDOR NMR study American Mineralogist 88 195-210 | | 2003 | 0 | 295 | |
| 0001325 | Montebrasite | Groat L A, Raudsepp M, Hawthorne F C, Ercit T S, Sherriff B L, Hartman J S (1990) The amblygonite-montebrasite series: Characterization by single-crystal structure refinement, infrared spectroscopy and multinuclear MAS-NMR spectroscopy sample M6116 American Mineralogist 75 992-1008 | | 1990 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001324 | Montebrasite | Groat L A, Raudsepp M, Hawthorne F C, Ercit T S, Sherriff B L, Hartman J S (1990) The amblygonite-montebrasite series: Characterization by single-crystal structure refinement, infrared spectroscopy and multinuclear MAS-NMR spectroscopy sample AF-46 American Mineralogist 75 992-1008 | | 1990 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001323 | Montebrasite | Groat L A, Raudsepp M, Hawthorne F C, Ercit T S, Sherriff B L, Hartman J S (1990) The amblygonite-montebrasite series: Characterization by single-crystal structure refinement, infrared spectroscopy and multinuclear MAS-NMR spectroscopy sample A-1 American Mineralogist 75 992-1008 | | 1990 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001322 | Montebrasite | Groat L A, Raudsepp M, Hawthorne F C, Ercit T S, Sherriff B L, Hartman J S (1990) The amblygonite-montebrasite series: Characterization by single-crystal structure refinement, infrared spectroscopy and multinuclear MAS-NMR spectroscopy sample A-2 American Mineralogist 75 992-1008 | | 1990 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001321 | Montebrasite | Groat L A, Raudsepp M, Hawthorne F C, Ercit T S, Sherriff B L, Hartman J S (1990) The amblygonite-montebrasite series: Characterization by single-crystal structure refinement, infrared spectroscopy and multinuclear MAS-NMR spectroscopy sample AF-43 American Mineralogist 75 992-1008 | | 1990 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001320 | Montebrasite | Groat L A, Raudsepp M, Hawthorne F C, Ercit T S, Sherriff B L, Hartman J S (1990) The amblygonite-montebrasite series: Characterization by single-crystal structure refinement, infrared spectroscopy and multinuclear MAS-NMR spectroscopy sample AF-47 American Mineralogist 75 992-1008 | | 1990 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002964 | Montebrasite | Groat L A, Chakoumakos B C, Brouwer D H, Hoffman C M, Fyfe C A, Morell H, Schultz A J (2003) The amblygonite (LiAlPO4F) - montebrasite (LiAlPO4OH) solid solution: A combined powder and single-crystal neutron diffraction and solid-state Li MAS, CP MAS, and REDOR NMR study American Mineralogist 88 195-210 | | 2003 | 0 | 225 | |
| 0002959 | Montebrasite | Groat L A, Chakoumakos B C, Brouwer D H, Hoffman C M, Fyfe C A, Morell H, Schultz A J (2003) The amblygonite (LiAlPO4F) - montebrasite (LiAlPO4OH) solid solution: A combined powder and single-crystal neutron diffraction and solid-state Li MAS, CP MAS, and REDOR NMR study American Mineralogist 88 195-210 | | 2003 | 0 | 225 | |
| 0002963 | Montebrasite | Groat L A, Chakoumakos B C, Brouwer D H, Hoffman C M, Fyfe C A, Morell H, Schultz A J (2003) The amblygonite (LiAlPO4F) - montebrasite (LiAlPO4OH) solid solution: A combined powder and single-crystal neutron diffraction and solid-state Li MAS, CP MAS, and REDOR NMR study American Mineralogist 88 195-210 | | 2003 | 0 | 150 | |
| 0002958 | Montebrasite | Groat L A, Chakoumakos B C, Brouwer D H, Hoffman C M, Fyfe C A, Morell H, Schultz A J (2003) The amblygonite (LiAlPO4F) - montebrasite (LiAlPO4OH) solid solution: A combined powder and single-crystal neutron diffraction and solid-state Li MAS, CP MAS, and REDOR NMR study American Mineralogist 88 195-210 | | 2003 | 0 | 150 | |
| 0002962 | Montebrasite | Groat L A, Chakoumakos B C, Brouwer D H, Hoffman C M, Fyfe C A, Morell H, Schultz A J (2003) The amblygonite (LiAlPO4F) - montebrasite (LiAlPO4OH) solid solution: A combined powder and single-crystal neutron diffraction and solid-state Li MAS, CP MAS, and REDOR NMR study American Mineralogist 88 195-210 | | 2003 | 0 | 75 | |
| 0002957 | Montebrasite | Groat L A, Chakoumakos B C, Brouwer D H, Hoffman C M, Fyfe C A, Morell H, Schultz A J (2003) The amblygonite (LiAlPO4F) - montebrasite (LiAlPO4OH) solid solution: A combined powder and single-crystal neutron diffraction and solid-state Li MAS, CP MAS, and REDOR NMR study American Mineralogist 88 195-210 | | 2003 | 0 | 75 | |
| 0002961 | Montebrasite | Groat L A, Chakoumakos B C, Brouwer D H, Hoffman C M, Fyfe C A, Morell H, Schultz A J (2003) The amblygonite (LiAlPO4F) - montebrasite (LiAlPO4OH) solid solution: A combined powder and single-crystal neutron diffraction and solid-state Li MAS, CP MAS, and REDOR NMR study American Mineralogist 88 195-210 | | 2003 | 0 | 15 | |
| 0002956 | Montebrasite | Groat L A, Chakoumakos B C, Brouwer D H, Hoffman C M, Fyfe C A, Morell H, Schultz A J (2003) The amblygonite (LiAlPO4F) - montebrasite (LiAlPO4OH) solid solution: A combined powder and single-crystal neutron diffraction and solid-state Li MAS, CP MAS, and REDOR NMR study American Mineralogist 88 195-210 | | 2003 | 0 | 15 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.68 Å | (90) |
| 3.33 Å | (40) |
| 3.27 Å | (50) |
| 3.23 Å | (50) |
| 3.20 Å | (60) |
| 3.16 Å | (90) |
| 2.97 Å | (100) |
| 2.40 Å | (40) |
Comments:
ICDD 12-448
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Geological Setting:
A late primary mineral in zoned, complex granitic pegmatites.
Type Occurrence of Montebrasite
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Granite pegmatite
Other Language Names for Montebrasite
Dutch:Montebrasiet
German:Montebrasit
Russian:Монтебразит
Simplified Chinese:羟磷锂铝石
Spanish:Montebrasita
Traditional Chinese:羥磷鋰鋁石
Relationship of Montebrasite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Amblygonite Group:
| Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Tavorite | LiFe3+(PO4)(OH) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 53 photos of Montebrasite associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| 30 photos of Montebrasite associated with Kosnarite | KZr2(PO4)3 |
| 30 photos of Montebrasite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 26 photos of Montebrasite associated with 'Cleavelandite' | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| 23 photos of Montebrasite associated with Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| 17 photos of Montebrasite associated with Lepidolite | |
| 13 photos of Montebrasite associated with Eosphorite | Mn2+Al(PO4)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 11 photos of Montebrasite associated with Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| 11 photos of Montebrasite associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 7 photos of Montebrasite associated with Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BB. | Moabite | NiFe3+(PO4)O |
| 8.BB. | Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| 8.BB. | Paulgrothite | Cu9Fe3+O4(PO4)4Cl3 |
| 8.BB. | Karlditmarite | Cu9O4(PO4)2(SO4)2 |
| 8.BB. | Milkovoite | Cu4O(PO4)(AsO4) |
| 8.BB.X | Arsenowagnerite | Mg2(AsO4)F |
| 8.BB.05 | Tavorite | LiFe3+(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.05 | Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.10 | Zwieselite | Fe2+2(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.10 | Triplite | Mn2+2(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.15 | 'Unnamed (Sb-analogue of Auriacusite)' | Fe3+Cu2+[(Sb,As)O4]O |
| 8.BB.15 | Joosteite | Mn2+(Mn3+,Fe3+)(PO4)O |
| 8.BB.15 | Hydroxylwagnerite | Mg2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.15 | Wagnerite | Mg2(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.15 | Stanĕkite | (Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(PO4)O |
| 8.BB.15 | Triploidite | Mn2+2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.15 | Sarkinite | Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.15 | Wolfeite | Fe2+2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.20 | Holtedahlite | Mg2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.20 | Satterlyite | (Fe2+,Mg,Fe)12(PO4)5(PO3OH)(OH,O)6 |
| 8.BB.25 | Althausite | Mg4(PO4)2(OH,O)(F,◻) |
| 8.BB.30 | Zincolivenite | CuZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Zincolibethenite | CuZn(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Eveite | Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Auriacusite | Fe3+Cu2+(AsO4)O |
| 8.BB.35 | Paradamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.35 | Tarbuttite | Zn2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.40 | Barbosalite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Scorzalite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Meizhouite | Fe2+V3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Hentschelite | CuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Wilhelmkleinite | ZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.45 | Dokuchaevite | Cu8O2(VO4)3Cl3 |
| 8.BB.45 | Trolleite | Al4(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BB.45 | Yaroshevskite | Cu9O2(VO4)4Cl2 |
| 8.BB.50 | Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.50 | Aleutite | [Cu5O2](AsO4)(VO4) · (Cu,K,Pb,Rb,Cs,)Cl |
| 8.BB.52a | Ericlaxmanite | Cu4O(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BB.52b | Kozyrevskite | Cu4O(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BB.55 | Phosphoellenbergerite | (Mg,◻)2Mg12(PO4,PO3OH)6(PO3OH,CO3)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BB.55 | Popovite | Cu5O2(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BB.60 | Urusovite | CuAl(AsO4)O |
| 8.BB.65 | Theoparacelsite | Cu3(As2O7)(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.70 | Turanite | Cu5(VO4)2(OH)4 |
| 8.BB.75 | Stoiberite | Cu5(VO4)2O2 |
| 8.BB.80 | Fingerite | Cu11(VO4)6O2 |
| 8.BB.85 | Averievite | Cu6(VO4)2O2Cl2 |
| 8.BB.90 | Richellite | CaFe3+2(PO4)2(OH,F)2 |
| 8.BB.90 | Lipscombite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.90 | Zinclipscombite | ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
Fluorescence of Montebrasite
May have a faint to medium cream yellow fluorescence in SW and LW, frequently patchy. May have associated fluorescent species affecting the appearance.
Other Information
Notes:
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Previously used as an ore of lithium.
Internet Links for Montebrasite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2763.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Montebrasite
Reference List:
Lacroix, A. (1910) Minéralogie de la France et de ses colonies Vol. 4. Library Polytechnique, Paris. p.416
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.255
Landes, Kenneth K. (1925) The paragenesis of the granite pegmatites of central Maine. American Mineralogist, 10 (11) 355-411 403, 410
Winchell, A. N. (1926) Relations between properties and composition in the amblygonite-montebrasite series. American Mineralogist, 11 (9) 246-248
Richmond, Wallace E. (1940) Crystal chemistry of the phosphates, arsenates and vanadates of the type A2XO4(Z). American Mineralogist, 25 (7). 441-479
Tengnér, Staffan (1940) Minerals of the Varuträsk Pegmatite: XVIII. New Amblygonite Crystals from Varuträsk. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 62 (4) 332-334 doi:10.1080/11035894009445038
Palache, Charles, Richmond, W. E., Wolfe, and C. W. (1943) On amblygonite. American Mineralogist, 28 (1) 39-53
Nel, H. J. (1946) Petalite and amblygonite from Karibib, South West Africa. American Mineralogist, 31 (1-2) 51-57
Moss, A. A., Fejer, E. E., Embrey, P. G. (1969) On the X-ray identification of amblygonite and montebrasite. Mineralogical Magazine, 37 (287) 414-422 doi:10.1180/minmag.1969.037.287.15
Černá, I., Černý, P., Ferguson, R. B. (1972) The Tanco pegmatite at Bernic Lake, Manitoba. III. Amblygonite-montebrasite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 11 (3) 643-659
Černá, Iva, Černý, Petr, Ferguson, Robert B. (1973) The fluorine content and some physical properties of the amblygonite-montebrasite minerals. American Mineralogist, 58 (3-4) 291-301
Greiner, Daniel J., Bloss, F. Donald (1987) Amblygonite-montebrasite optics: Response to (OH-) orientation and rapid estimation of F from 2V. American Mineralogist, 72 (5-6) 617-624
Groat, Lee A., Raudsepp, Mati, Hawthorne, Frank C., Ercit, T. Scott, Sherriff, Barbara L., Hartman, J. Stephen (1990) The amblygonite-montebrasite series: Characterization by single-crystal structure refinement, infrared spectroscopy, and multinuclear MAS-NMR spectroscopy. American Mineralogist, 75 (9-10) 992-1008
London, David, Morgan, George B., Wolf, Michael B. (2001) Amblygonite-montebrasite solid solutions as monitors of fluorine in evolved granitic and pegmatitic melts. American Mineralogist, 86 (3) 225-233 doi:10.2138/am-2001-2-303
Rondeau, B., Fritsch, E., Lefevre, P., Guiraud, M., Fransolet, A.-M., Lulzac, Y. (2006) A Raman investigation of the amblygonite—montebrasite series. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44 (5) 1109-1117 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.44.5.1109
Dias, L. N., Pinheiro, M. V. B., Moreira, R. L., Krambrock, K., Guedes, K. J., Filho, L. A. D. M., Karfunkel, J., Schnellrath, J., Scholz, R. (2011) Spectroscopic characterization of transition metal impurities in natural montebrasite/amblygonite. American Mineralogist, 96 (1) 42-52 doi:10.2138/am.2011.3551
Toledo, José R., de Oliveira, Raphaela, Dias, Lorena N., Chaves, Mário L.C., Karfunkel, Joachim, Scholz, Ricardo, Pinheiro, Maurício V.B., Krambrock, Klaus (2020) Radiation-induced defects in montebrasite: An electron paramagnetic resonance study of O – hole and Ti3+ electron centers. American Mineralogist, 105 (7). 1051-1059 doi:10.2138/am-2020-7168
Localities for Montebrasite
Showing 273 localities.
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The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Chhappu, Braldu Valley, Shigar District, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan