Lazulite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Lazulite
Formula:
MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2
Colour:
Blue, sky-blue, bluish white, green
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Specific Gravity:
3.122 - 3.24
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1795 by Martin H. Klaproth from the Arabic word meaning "heaven," in allusion to its colour.
Lazulite-Scorzalite Series.
The magnesium analogue of scorzalite.
Not to be confused with the similarly named lazurite.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Lazulite.
The magnesium analogue of scorzalite.
Not to be confused with the similarly named lazurite.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Lazulite.Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2356
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2356:2
Similar Names
| Azurite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Lasalite | A valid IMA mineral species | Na2Mg2(V10O28) · 20H2O |
| Lavulite | A synonym of Sugilite | |
| Lazulith (of von Schlotheim) | A synonym of Cordierite | |
| Lazurite | A valid IMA mineral species | Na7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3) · H2O |
IMA Classification of Lazulite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Lazulite
8.BB.40
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
41.10.1.1
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
10 : (AB)3(XO4)2Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
10 : (AB)3(XO4)2Zq
19.14.29
19 : Phosphates
14 : Phosphates of Fe and other metals
19 : Phosphates
14 : Phosphates of Fe and other metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Lzl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Laz | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Lzl | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Lzl | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Pronunciation of Lazulite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Lazulite
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Blue, sky-blue, bluish white, green
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Poor to good {110}
Indistinct on {101}
Poor to good {110}
Indistinct on {101}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Splintery
Density:
3.122 - 3.24 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.144 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Lazulite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.604 - 1.626 nβ = 1.626 - 1.654 nγ = 1.637 - 1.663
2V:
Measured: 61° to 70°, Calculated: 58° to 64°
Birefringence:
0.035
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.033 - 0.037
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r < v weak
Optical Extinction:
Y = b; X ∧ c = 10°.
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X= Colourless
Y= Blue
Z= Darker blue
Y= Blue
Z= Darker blue
Chemistry of Lazulite
Mindat Formula:
MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Fe,Mn
Crystallography of Lazulite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.144(1) Å, b = 7.278(1) Å, c = 7.228(1) Å
β = 120.5(1)°
β = 120.5(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.982 : 1 : 0.993
Unit Cell V:
323.81 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals commonly acute to stubby dipyramidal with large {111} and {111}, and small {101}; also tabular on (111) or (101). Granular to compact massive.
Twinning:
Common on {100}, lamellar or polysynthetic at times, with composition plane {001} or {100} and usually with a re-entrant angle; rare on {223}, by reflection on {221}. Reported also on {210} and {021}.
Crystallographic forms of Lazulite
Crystal Atlas:
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Lazulite no.3 - {11-1} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Lazulite no.11 - {11-1} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014778 | Lazulite | Giuseppetti G, Tadini C (1983) Lazulite, (Mg,Fe)Al2(OH)2(PO4)2: structure refinement and hydrogen bonding Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1983 410-416 | 1983 | Graves Mountain, Lincoln County, Georgia, USA | 0 | 293 | |
| 0009233 | Lazulite | Lindberg M L, Christ C L (1959) Crystal structures of the isostructural minerals lazulite, scorzalite and barbosalite Acta Crystallographica 12 695-697 |  | 1959 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.73 Å | (18) |
| 3.23 Å | (100) |
| 3.20 Å | (59) |
| 3.14 Å | (55) |
| 3.077 Å | (42) |
| 2.548 Å | (18) |
| 1.571 Å | (18) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Geological Setting:
In metamorphic rocks, border zones of complex granitic pegmatites, alluvial deposits.
Type Occurrence of Lazulite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, number 83304 (type).
Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universität-Berlin, Berlin, Germany, numbers 1999-0066, 1999-4972, 1999-9956, 1999-5031 (type?).
Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universität-Berlin, Berlin, Germany, numbers 1999-0066, 1999-4972, 1999-9956, 1999-5031 (type?).
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Lazulite
Other Language Names for Lazulite
Dutch:Lazuliet
German:Lazulith
Berkeyit
Berlinerblau
Blauspat
Blauspath
Dichter blauer Feldspath
Gersbyit
Himmelblaues Fossil aus Steiermark
Klaprothin
Klaprothine
Lazulit
Lazulith (of Klaproth)
Lazulith (of Mohs)
Mollit
Natürliche Smalt
Phosphorsaure Thonerde
Smalteblaues Fossil von Vorau
Tetragophosphit
Voraulit
Wahrscheinlich neues Fossil aus Salzburg
Berkeyit
Berlinerblau
Blauspat
Blauspath
Dichter blauer Feldspath
Gersbyit
Himmelblaues Fossil aus Steiermark
Klaprothin
Klaprothine
Lazulit
Lazulith (of Klaproth)
Lazulith (of Mohs)
Mollit
Natürliche Smalt
Phosphorsaure Thonerde
Smalteblaues Fossil von Vorau
Tetragophosphit
Voraulit
Wahrscheinlich neues Fossil aus Salzburg
Japanese:天藍石
Russian:Лазулит
Simplified Chinese:天蓝石
Varieties of Lazulite
| Calcium-lazulite | Probably an impure Lazulite |
Relationship of Lazulite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Lazulite Group:
| Barbosalite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Hentschelite | CuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Meizhouite | Fe2+V3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Scorzalite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Wilhelmkleinite | ZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 645 photos of Lazulite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 500 photos of Lazulite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
| 84 photos of Lazulite associated with Whiteite-(CaFeMg) | {Ca}{(Fe2+,Mn2+)}{Mg2}{Al2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 67 photos of Lazulite associated with Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
| 65 photos of Lazulite associated with Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| 49 photos of Lazulite associated with Augelite | Al2(PO4)(OH)3 |
| 48 photos of Lazulite associated with 'Apatite' | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| 28 photos of Lazulite associated with Whiteite Subgroup | XM1M22M32(H2O)8(OH)2(PO4)4 |
| 26 photos of Lazulite associated with Kulanite | Ba(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 18 photos of Lazulite associated with Gormanite | (Fe2+,Mg)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BB. | Moabite | NiFe3+(PO4)O |
| 8.BB. | Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| 8.BB. | Paulgrothite | Cu9Fe3+O4(PO4)4Cl3 |
| 8.BB. | Karlditmarite | Cu9O4(PO4)2(SO4)2 |
| 8.BB. | Milkovoite | Cu4O(PO4)(AsO4) |
| 8.BB.X | Arsenowagnerite | Mg2(AsO4)F |
| 8.BB.05 | Tavorite | LiFe3+(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.05 | Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.05 | Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.10 | Zwieselite | Fe2+2(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.10 | Triplite | Mn2+2(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.15 | 'Unnamed (Sb-analogue of Auriacusite)' | Fe3+Cu2+[(Sb,As)O4]O |
| 8.BB.15 | Joosteite | Mn2+(Mn3+,Fe3+)(PO4)O |
| 8.BB.15 | Hydroxylwagnerite | Mg2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.15 | Wagnerite | Mg2(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.15 | Stanĕkite | (Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(PO4)O |
| 8.BB.15 | Triploidite | Mn2+2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.15 | Sarkinite | Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.15 | Wolfeite | Fe2+2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.20 | Holtedahlite | Mg2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.20 | Satterlyite | (Fe2+,Mg,Fe)12(PO4)5(PO3OH)(OH,O)6 |
| 8.BB.25 | Althausite | Mg4(PO4)2(OH,O)(F,◻) |
| 8.BB.30 | Zincolivenite | CuZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Zincolibethenite | CuZn(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Eveite | Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Auriacusite | Fe3+Cu2+(AsO4)O |
| 8.BB.35 | Paradamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.35 | Tarbuttite | Zn2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.40 | Barbosalite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Scorzalite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Meizhouite | Fe2+V3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Hentschelite | CuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Wilhelmkleinite | ZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.45 | Dokuchaevite | Cu8O2(VO4)3Cl3 |
| 8.BB.45 | Trolleite | Al4(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BB.45 | Yaroshevskite | Cu9O2(VO4)4Cl2 |
| 8.BB.50 | Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.50 | Aleutite | [Cu5O2](AsO4)(VO4) · (Cu,K,Pb,Rb,Cs,)Cl |
| 8.BB.52a | Ericlaxmanite | Cu4O(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BB.52b | Kozyrevskite | Cu4O(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BB.55 | Phosphoellenbergerite | (Mg,◻)2Mg12(PO4,PO3OH)6(PO3OH,CO3)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BB.55 | Popovite | Cu5O2(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BB.60 | Urusovite | CuAl(AsO4)O |
| 8.BB.65 | Theoparacelsite | Cu3(As2O7)(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.70 | Turanite | Cu5(VO4)2(OH)4 |
| 8.BB.75 | Stoiberite | Cu5(VO4)2O2 |
| 8.BB.80 | Fingerite | Cu11(VO4)6O2 |
| 8.BB.85 | Averievite | Cu6(VO4)2O2Cl2 |
| 8.BB.90 | Richellite | CaFe3+2(PO4)2(OH,F)2 |
| 8.BB.90 | Lipscombite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.90 | Zinclipscombite | ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
Fluorescence of Lazulite
Not fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Notes:
Slowly soluble in hot acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Lazulite in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
Internet Links for Lazulite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2356.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Lazulite
Reference List:
Klaproth, M. H. (1795) XI. Prüfung eines smalteblauen Fossils von Vorau. In Beiträge zur chemischen Kenntniss der Mineralkörper Vol. 1. Rottmann. p.197-202.p.202 - as Lazulit and as Dichter blauer Feldspath
von Moll (1799) Berg- und hüttenmännisches Jahrbuch, Wien: 4: 71.(as "Wahrscheinlich neues Fossil aus Salzburg")
Jameson, Robert (1805) A treatise on the external characters of minerals (1st ed.) Bell & Bradfute, London. p.542
Beudant, François-Sulpice (1824) Traité élémentaire de minéralogie. (Première Edition)) [Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy. (First Edition)]. Chez Verdière.p.464 - as Klaprothite
Beudant, François-Sulpice (1832) Traité élémentaire de minéralogie. Deuxiéme Edition [Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy. Second Edition] (2nd ed.) Vol. 2 - Tome II [Volume II]. Chez Verdière. p.576 - as Klaprothine
Meyers, T. R. (1948) Green lazulite from Stoddard, New Hampshire. American Mineralogist, 33 (5-6) 366-368 (actually scorzalite with an extremely slight dominance of Fe)
Pecora, W. T., Fahey, J. J. (1949) Scorzalite from South Dakota: A new occurrence. American Mineralogist, 34 (9-10) 685-687
Pecora, William T., Fahey, Joseph J. (1949) The Corrego Frio pegmatite, Minas Gerais: scorzalite and souzalite, two new phosphate minerals. American Mineralogist, 34 (1-2) 83-93
Pecora, W. T., Fahey, J. J. (1950) The lazulite-scorzalite isomorphous series. American Mineralogist, 35 (1-2) 1-18
Lindberg, M. L., Christ, C. L. (1959) Crystal structures of the isostructural minerals lazulite, scorzalite and barbosalite. Acta Crystallographica, 12 (9) 695-697 doi:10.1107/s0365110x5900202x
Olsen, Edward J. (1962) Nickeliferous lazulite from Baraboo, Wisconsin. American Mineralogist, 47 (5-6) 773-774
Schmid-Beurmann, P.; Morteani, G.; Cemič, L. (1997) Experimental determination of the upper stability of scorzalite, FeAl2[OH/PO4]2, and the occurrence of minerals with a composition intermediate between scorzalite and lazulite(ss) up to the conditions of the amphibolite facies. Mineralogy and Petrology, 61 (1-4). 211-222 doi:10.1007/bf01172485
Schmid-Beurmann, P.; Knitter, St.; Cemic, L. (1999) Crystal chemical properties of synthetic lazulite-scorzalite solid-solution series. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 26 (6). 496-505 doi:10.1007/s002690050212
Schmid-Beurmann, P., Knitter, St., Cemič, L. (2000) P-T stability of the lazulite-scorzalite solid-solution series. Mineralogy and Petrology, 70 (1) 55-71 doi:10.1007/s007100070013
Frost, Ray L., Xi, Yunfei, Beganovic, Martina, Belotti, Fernanda Maria, Scholz, Ricardo (2013) Vibrational spectroscopy of the phosphate mineral lazulite – (Mg,Fe)Al2(PO4)2·(OH)2 found in the Minas Gerais, Brazil. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 107. 241-247 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2013.01.056
Localities for Lazulite
Showing 274 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| Grew et al. (2006) |
Argentina | |
| Colombo et al. (2018) |
| Roda-Robles et al. (2012) |
Australia | |
| Jaffe 1946 Am Min |
| Duggan et al. (1990) |
| Duggan et al. (1990) | |
| Noble et al. (1983) |
| Steve Sorrell Collection +1 other reference |
| Eagle et al. (2015) |
| Eagle et al. (2017) | |
Austria | |
| Collection of Melk Abbey ('Stift Melk') |
| Exel (1993) |
| Berl (1996) |
| Huber et al. (1977) |
| Huber et al. (1977) | |
| Putz et al. (2004) |
| Putz et al. (2004) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Dana (1854) +1 other reference | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Meixner (1937) +1 other reference |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Neschen (n.d.) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Berl (1997) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| - (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) | |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) +1 other reference |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Rammelsberg Pogg. lxiv |
| www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016) |
| www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016) | |
| www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016) | |
| Bernhard (1998) | |
| Meixner (1950) | |
| www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016) |
| Taucher (1997) | |
| Bernhard (2006) |
| Berl (1997) |
| www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016) | |
| www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016) |
| Alfred Passath Collection |
| Postl et al. (1997) |
| www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016) |
| Berl (1997) +1 other reference | |
| Stütz (1791) | |
| Postl+Moser (1988) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1992) |
| www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016) | |
| www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016) | |
| Franz Bernhard | |
| Lammer (1961) +2 other references |
| Berl (1997) |
| Berl (1997) | |
| R. Berl & F. Bernhard | |
| Jakely (1988) |
| Berl (1996) +1 other reference | |
| Berl (1997) |
Bolivia | |
| XRD by Jaroslav Hyrsl. |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) +1 other reference |
| Petrov (n.d.) |
| Alfredo Petrov and Jaroslav Hyrsl ... |
| Federico Ahlfeld specimens |
Brazil | |
| Franz et al. (2014) |
| Franz et al. (2014) | |
| Franz et al. (2014) | |
| Cassedanne et al. (1980) |
| Cassedanne (1985) |
| al and metamorphic zircon crystals near to each other. The crystals sit in a matrix of polygonal quartz (Qtz) +1 other reference |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Diamond News +1 other reference |
| Atencio et al. (2006) |
| Murdoch (1955) |
| |
| Fernando Brederodes Collection | |
Bulgaria | |
| www.bgd.bg (2017) |
Canada | |
| Silke (2009) |
| P.B. Tomascak et al. (1994) |
| Yakubovich et al. (2001) |
| Campbell (1962) | |
| 150-152. +2 other references | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
| Robinson et al. (1992) | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) | |
| Collected by Rod Tyson | |
| Jonathan Levinger specimen. |
| Robinson et al. (1992) | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
Chile | |
| "El yacimiento de Lauzilita de la ... +1 other reference |
China | |
| Rao +7 other references |
Czech Republic | |
| Breiter K. |
| Masau +2 other references |
Europe | |
| Berbain et al. (2012) | |
Finland | |
| Ilkka Mikkola collection |
| Poutiainen et al. (1996) |
France | |
| Meisser et al. (1998) |
| Berbain et al. (2012) |
| Berbain et al. (2012) |
Germany | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Dill et al. (2012) |
| Dill et al. (2008) +1 other reference | |
| Dill et al. (2011) |
| Dill et al. (2015) |
| Bankwitz et al. (1957) +1 other reference |
Hungary | |
| |
| Szakáll & Jánosi. Minerals of Hungary |
India | |
| Chauhan et al. (2019) |
Ireland | |
| O'Connor et al. (Specimen in possession of G. Peche of Sandyford Co., Dublin.) +1 other reference |
Italy | |
| [Lapis 1994:5 p.13-23 |
| Bracco et al. (2016) |
| Matteo Azili Collection |
| Bracco et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
| Bracco et al. (2016) |
| Bracco et al. (2016) | |
| Cortesogno et al. (1987) +2 other references |
| Bracco et al. (2016) | |
| Banti et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
| Marchesini et al. (2025) |
| |
| Brugger J. (1996) |
| Bedogné et al. (1995) | |
| Gianluca Armellino collection |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Piccoli (2002) +1 other reference |
| Morteani et al. (1996) |
| Folie et al. (2010) | |
| Dini (1997) |
Japan | |
| Nakatsugawa Mineral Museum (Gifu Prefecture, Japan) |
Madagascar | |
| Ackermand et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Ackermand et al. (2006) |
| Ackermand et al. (2006) | |
| Behier (1960) |
| Ackermand et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Lacroix (1922) | |
| Rondeau et al. (2019) |
| Rondeau et al. (2016) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference | |
| A. LACROIX: minéralogie de la France ... +2 other references |
| Ackermand et al. (2006) |
| Behier (1963) | |
Morocco | |
| Lecolle +5 other references |
Myanmar | |
| Mineralogical Magazine +1 other reference |
Namibia | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
| Förch (1998) +1 other reference |
| von Bezing (2007) | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
Norway | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-4407 |
| Ljøstad (2016) | |
| Ljøstad (2016) | |
| Ljøstad et al. (2023) | |
| Bryn (1962) |
| Brastad (1982) |
| Brastad (1982) +1 other reference | |
| Brastad (1982) | |
Pakistan | |
| Blauwet et al. (2004) |
Peru | |
| english translation of Petersen's 1970 ... +1 other reference | |
Poland | |
| Pieczka et al. (2015) |
| Pieczka et al. (2017) | |
Portugal | |
| |
| Maijer 1965 |
| International Geological Congress (2008) |
Russia | |
| Jambor et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| webmineral.ru (2021) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Sokerina et al. (2022) | |
| Fersman Mineralogical Museum et al. (found by V.V. Bukanov) | |
| Rundqvist (1997) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Rwanda | |
| Gallagher et al. (1963) +2 other references |
| Bertossa | |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Jahn J. et al. (in Slovak) |
| Uher et al. |
| Uher et al. (2009) |
| Uher et al. (2009) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Jahn |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| V.Vlach 1936 |
| Jahn J. et al. (in Slovak) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) | |
Spain | |
| Roda et al. (2001) |
| Bareche (2005) |
| & locality references +1 other reference | |
Sweden | |
| The Swedish Museum of Natural History ... +3 other references |
| Natural history museum |
| Håkan Hansson photo | |
| Holtstam et al. (2019) |
| |
| Henriques (1957) +2 other references |
| Ek et al. (1990) |
Switzerland | |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Romani (2000) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Bracke (n.d.) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| Bracke (n.d.) | |
UK | |
| Gribble (1968) +2 other references |
Ukraine | |
| Lyzhachenko et al. (2019) |
USA | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10068360 |
| Grant et al. (2005) | |
| Bideaux et al. (1960) +2 other references |
| Galbraith (1959) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Bradley (1940) +3 other references |
| www.mineralsocal.org (1999) |
| [… (abstract) +3 other references |
| Murdoch (1966) | |
| Pecora et al. (1950) +1 other reference | |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Rogers (1912) +1 other reference |
| Kerr (1932) +2 other references |
| Jeffery (1931) +9 other references |
| Bowen et al. (1954) +3 other references |
| Brown et al. (2019) |
| Kunz (1905) +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Januzzi (1994) |
| 94. +2 other references |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Prindle et al. (1935) |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Emerson (1895) |
| Sherwood et al. (1998) |
| Rocks & Min. | |
| Gobla (2012) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Januzzi et al. (1976) |
| Morrill +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Minerals 80:251 +1 other reference |
| Smith (2005) | |
| USGS Prof Paper 353 +5 other references | |
| Geological Society of America Abstracts ... +2 other references | |
| Thompson et al. (2022) |
| Seaman (1953) +1 other reference |
| Dunham (1935) +2 other references |
| USGS Open-File Report 2006-1259 |
| Genth et al. (1881) +1 other reference |
| Genth et al. (1881) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) | |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| King (n.d.) | |
| Milton (1986) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 60: 92. |
| Rocks & Min.: 60:92. |
| Rocks & Min.: 60:93. |
| Rocks & Min.:60:93. +1 other reference |
| Cook (2008) | |
| Tony Nikischer and Luis Menezes |
| R. T. Faill and R. C. Smith II |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) | |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| - (2005) |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Minerals: 60: 166. +1 other reference |
| Olsen (1962) |
| Olsen (1962) | |
Zimbabwe | |
| Cairncross (2004) |
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Graves Mountain, Lincoln County, Georgia, USA