Trolleite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Trolleite
Hans Gabriel Trolle-Wachtmeister
Formula:
Al4(PO4)3(OH)3
Colour:
Light green, colorless, bluish green, (dark blue when included)
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Specific Gravity:
3.10
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named after Hans Gabriel Trolle-Wachtmeister (11 September 1782, Trolle-Ljungby parish, Kristianstad, Sweden - 11 July 1871, Ivetofta parish, Kristianstad county, Kristianstad, Sweden), attorney general and chemist.
Usually massive translucent light green to bluish green masses with a greasy luster. May be very blue because of mixtures with scorzalite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4030
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4030:9
Similar Names
| Troilite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | FeS |
| Tyrellite | A synonym of Tyrrellite | |
| Tyrolite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8 · 11H2O |
| Tyrolite (of Delamétherie) | A synonym of Lazulite |
IMA Classification of Trolleite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1868
Classification of Trolleite
8.BB.45
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
41.11.1.1
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
11 : Miscellaneous
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
11 : Miscellaneous
19.7.3
19 : Phosphates
7 : Phosphates of Al alone
19 : Phosphates
7 : Phosphates of Al alone
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Tll | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Trolleite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Light green, colorless, bluish green, (dark blue when included)
Comment:
Scorzalite-lazulite may be admixed.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Two directions at an angle of 110°52'.
Two directions at an angle of 110°52'.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.10 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.08 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Trolleite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.619 nβ = 1.639 nγ = 1.643
2V:
Measured: 49° , Calculated: 46°
Birefringence:
0.024
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.024
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r < v strong
Chemistry of Trolleite
Mindat Formula:
Al4(PO4)3(OH)3
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| P2O5 | 45,63 % |
| Al2O3 | 45,55 % |
| Fe2O3 | 0,25 % |
| CaO | 0,40 % |
| Na2O | 0,20 % |
| H2O+ | 6,66 % |
| H2O- | 0,18 % |
| SiO2 | 0,90 % |
| Total: | 96 % |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Buranga pegmatite, Muhororo, Ngororero District, Western Province, Rwanda |
Crystallography of Trolleite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 18.894 Å, b = 7.161 Å, c = 7.162 Å
β = 99.99°
β = 99.99°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.638 : 1 : 1
Unit Cell V:
954.33 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Massive, lamellar.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000415 | Trolleite | Moore P B, Araki T (1974) Trolleite, Al4(OH)3[PO4]3: A very dense structure with octahedral face-sharing dimers American Mineralogist 59 974-984 |  | 1974 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.67 Å | (40) |
| 3.34 Å | (40) |
| 3.21 Å | (100) |
| 3.10 Å | (90) |
| 3.08 Å | (50) |
| 2.52 Å | (50) |
| 1.983 Å | (40) |
| 1.547 Å | (30) |
Comments:
26-1009
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Type Occurrence of Trolleite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland, II–9575.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Peraluminous high pressure rocks.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Trolleite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 20 photos of Trolleite associated with Rutile | TiO2 |
| 12 photos of Trolleite associated with Scorzalite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 10 photos of Trolleite associated with Augelite | Al2(PO4)(OH)3 |
| 6 photos of Trolleite associated with Bertossaite | Li2CaAl4(PO4)4(OH)4 |
| 5 photos of Trolleite associated with Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 5 photos of Trolleite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 5 photos of Trolleite associated with Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| 3 photos of Trolleite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 3 photos of Trolleite associated with Berlinite | AlPO4 |
| 2 photos of Trolleite associated with Abuite | CaAl2(PO4)2F2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BB. | Moabite | NiFe3+(PO4)O |
| 8.BB. | Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| 8.BB. | Paulgrothite | Cu9Fe3+O4(PO4)4Cl3 |
| 8.BB. | Karlditmarite | Cu9O4(PO4)2(SO4)2 |
| 8.BB. | Milkovoite | Cu4O(PO4)(AsO4) |
| 8.BB.X | Arsenowagnerite | Mg2(AsO4)F |
| 8.BB.05 | Tavorite | LiFe3+(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.05 | Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.05 | Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.10 | Zwieselite | Fe2+2(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.10 | Triplite | Mn2+2(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.15 | 'Unnamed (Sb-analogue of Auriacusite)' | Fe3+Cu2+[(Sb,As)O4]O |
| 8.BB.15 | Joosteite | Mn2+(Mn3+,Fe3+)(PO4)O |
| 8.BB.15 | Hydroxylwagnerite | Mg2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.15 | Wagnerite | Mg2(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.15 | Stanĕkite | (Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(PO4)O |
| 8.BB.15 | Triploidite | Mn2+2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.15 | Sarkinite | Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.15 | Wolfeite | Fe2+2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.20 | Holtedahlite | Mg2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.20 | Satterlyite | (Fe2+,Mg,Fe)12(PO4)5(PO3OH)(OH,O)6 |
| 8.BB.25 | Althausite | Mg4(PO4)2(OH,O)(F,◻) |
| 8.BB.30 | Zincolivenite | CuZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Zincolibethenite | CuZn(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Eveite | Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Auriacusite | Fe3+Cu2+(AsO4)O |
| 8.BB.35 | Paradamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.35 | Tarbuttite | Zn2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.40 | Barbosalite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Scorzalite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Meizhouite | Fe2+V3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Hentschelite | CuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Wilhelmkleinite | ZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.45 | Dokuchaevite | Cu8O2(VO4)3Cl3 |
| 8.BB.45 | Yaroshevskite | Cu9O2(VO4)4Cl2 |
| 8.BB.50 | Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.50 | Aleutite | [Cu5O2](AsO4)(VO4) · (Cu,K,Pb,Rb,Cs,)Cl |
| 8.BB.52a | Ericlaxmanite | Cu4O(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BB.52b | Kozyrevskite | Cu4O(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BB.55 | Phosphoellenbergerite | (Mg,◻)2Mg12(PO4,PO3OH)6(PO3OH,CO3)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BB.55 | Popovite | Cu5O2(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BB.60 | Urusovite | CuAl(AsO4)O |
| 8.BB.65 | Theoparacelsite | Cu3(As2O7)(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.70 | Turanite | Cu5(VO4)2(OH)4 |
| 8.BB.75 | Stoiberite | Cu5(VO4)2O2 |
| 8.BB.80 | Fingerite | Cu11(VO4)6O2 |
| 8.BB.85 | Averievite | Cu6(VO4)2O2Cl2 |
| 8.BB.90 | Richellite | CaFe3+2(PO4)2(OH,F)2 |
| 8.BB.90 | Lipscombite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.90 | Zinclipscombite | ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
Fluorescence of Trolleite
Not Fluorescent
Other Information
Notes:
Virtually untouched by acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Trolleite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4030.html
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References for Trolleite
Localities for Trolleite
Showing 23 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Duggan et al. (1990) |
| Duggan et al. (1990) | |
Brazil | |
| Franz et al. (2014) |
France | |
| Delfour (2007) |
Italy | |
| Tilghman (2014) |
Japan | |
| Matsubara et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
Madagascar | |
| Ackermand et al. (2006) |
| Ackermand et al. (2006) | |
| Morteani et al. (2006) |
Russia | |
| Jambor et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
Rwanda | |
| Lefèvre et al. (http://www.minsocam.org/msa/special/pig/PIG_articles/Elba%20Abstracts%2012%20Lefevre.pdf) +1 other reference |
| Daltry et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Alfonso et al. (2000) |
| & locality references +1 other reference | |
| Vérez et al. (2024) |
Sweden (TL) | |
| Blomstrand (1868) +2 other references |
| Grensman (1989) +1 other reference |
| Ek et al. (1990) |
USA | |
| Alexander Wong Collection |
| Lemmon (1935) +3 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Milton (1986) |
| Giannini et al. (1) |
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Hålsjöberg, Torsby, Värmland County, Sweden