Augelite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Augelite
Formula:
Al2(PO4)(OH)3
Colour:
White, colourless, pale yellow, light green, rarely blue or pink; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Pearly
Hardness:
4½ - 5
Specific Gravity:
2.696
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1868 by Christian W. Bloomstrand from the Greek αυγή ("auge") for "shine" or "lustre" in allusion to the appearance of its cleavage surfaces
Visit gemdat.org for Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
451
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:451:6
Similar Names
IMA Classification of Augelite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Al2PO4(OH)3
Classification of Augelite
8.BE.05
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
41.6.8.1
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : A2(XO4)Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : A2(XO4)Zq
19.7.2
19 : Phosphates
7 : Phosphates of Al alone
19 : Phosphates
7 : Phosphates of Al alone
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Aul | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Aul | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Augelite
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
Lustre pearly on cleavage
Colour:
White, colourless, pale yellow, light green, rarely blue or pink; colourless in transmitted light.
Comment:
May be blue due to inclusions
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4½ - 5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {110}, good on {201}, imperfect on {001} and {101}
Perfect on {110}, good on {201}, imperfect on {001} and {101}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.696 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.704 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Augelite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.5736 nβ = 1.5759 nγ = 1.5877
2V:
Measured: 51° , Calculated: 48°
Birefringence:
0.015
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.014
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
none
Optical Extinction:
Z^c = 34°, Y^c = -56°, X=b
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Augelite
Mindat Formula:
Al2(PO4)(OH)3
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Augelite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.124(6) Å, b = 7.988(5) Å, c = 5.0663(3) Å
β = 112.25(2)°
β = 112.25(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.643 : 1 : 0.634
Unit Cell V:
491.58 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Thick tabular crystals {001}, less commonly prismatic to acicular [001], or as thin plates with a triangular outline, flattened on {110}. {110} striated [001]; {201} commonly rough; {001} replaced by vicinal faces at times in the zones cx or cm. May appear pseudorhombohedral. Massive.
Crystallographic forms of Augelite
Crystal Atlas:
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Augelite no.1 - {001} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Augelite no.2 - {001} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by
www.smorf.nl.
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Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000177 | Augelite | Araki T, Finney J J, Zoltai T (1968) The crystal structure of augelite American Mineralogist 53 1096-1103 |  | 1968 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.706 Å | (25) |
| 4.673 Å | (25) |
| 4.007 Å | (30) |
| 3.517 Å | (55) |
| 3.490 Å | (25) |
| 3.344 Å | (100) |
| 1.869 Å | (18) |
Comments:
ICDD 34-151
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 21 : Chemically precipitated carbonate, phosphate, iron formations | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Geological Setting:
Hydrogen metamorphism of phosphate bearing rocks. Some high temperature hydrothermal veins. Found in phosphate-rich granite pegmatites and phosphatic iron-stone rocks.
Type Occurrence of Augelite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Massive
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Augelite
Other Language Names for Augelite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 482 photos of Augelite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 232 photos of Augelite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 105 photos of Augelite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
| 82 photos of Augelite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
| 78 photos of Augelite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 49 photos of Augelite associated with Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 16 photos of Augelite associated with Chlorargyrite | AgCl |
| 16 photos of Augelite associated with Hübnerite | MnWO4 |
| 15 photos of Augelite associated with Wavellite | Al3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 11 photos of Augelite associated with Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BE.10 | Grattarolaite | Fe3+3(PO4)O3 |
| 8.BE.15 | Cornetite | Cu3(PO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BE.20 | Clinoclase | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BE.25 | Gilmarite | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BE.25 | Arhbarite | Cu2Mg(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BE.30 | Flinkite | Mn2+2Mn3+(AsO4)(OH)4 |
| 8.BE.30 | Argandite | Mn7(VO4)2(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.30 | Raadeite | Mg7(PO4)2(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.30 | Allactite | Mn2+7(AsO4)2(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.35 | 'Mineral E (of Dunn, et. al., 1982)' | |
| 8.BE.35 | Chlorophoenicite | (Mn,Mg)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6 |
| 8.BE.35 | Magnesiochlorophoenicite | (Mg,Mn)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6 |
| 8.BE.40 | Gerdtremmelite | (Zn,Fe)(Al,Fe)2(AsO4)(OH)5 |
| 8.BE.45 | Dixenite | CuMn2+14Fe2+(SiO4)2(As5+O4)(As3+O3)5(OH)6 |
| 8.BE.45 | Mcgovernite | Mn19Zn3(AsO4)3(AsO3)(SiO4)3(OH)21 |
| 8.BE.45 | Hematolite | (Mn,Mg,Al,Fe3+)15(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)23 |
| 8.BE.45 | Turtmannite | (Mn,Mg)22.5Mg3-3x((V5+,As5+)O4)3(As3+O3)x(SiO4)3O5-5x(OH)20+x |
| 8.BE.45 | Carlfrancisite | Mn2+3(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)42[As3+O3]2(As5+O4)4[(Si,As5+)O4]6[(As5+,Si)O4]2(OH)42 |
| 8.BE.45 | Arakiite | (Zn,Mn2+)(Mn2+,Mg)12(Fe3+,Al)2(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)23 |
| 8.BE.45 | Kraisslite | Zn3(Mn,Mg)25(Fe3+,Al)(As3+O3)2[(Si,As5+)O4]10(OH)16 |
| 8.BE.50 | Synadelphite | Mn2+9(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)9 · 2H2O |
| 8.BE.55 | Holdenite | (Mn2+,Mg)6Zn3(AsO4)2(SiO4)(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.60 | Kolicite | Mn2+7Zn4(AsO4)2(SiO4)2(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.65 | Sabelliite | (Cu,Zn)2Zn(AsO4,SbO4)(OH)3 |
| 8.BE.70 | Jarosewichite | Mn2+3Mn3+(AsO4)(OH)6 |
| 8.BE.75 | Theisite | Cu5Zn5(AsO4,SbO4)2(OH)14 |
| 8.BE.80 | Coparsite | Cu4(AsO4,VO4)O2Cl |
| 8.BE.85 | Waterhouseite | Mn2+7(PO4)2(OH)8 |
| 8.BE.90 | Vasilseverginite | Cu9O4(AsO4)2(SO4)2 |
Fluorescence of Augelite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Notes:
Slowly soluble in hot concentrated HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Augelite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-451.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Augelite
Reference List:
Spencer, L. J. (1907) Notes on some Bolivian minerals (Jamesonite, Andorite, Cassiterite, Tourmaline, &c.). Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 14 (67). 308-344 doi:10.1180/minmag.1907.014.67.03
Lemmon, Dwight M. (1935) Augelite from Mono County, California. American Mineralogist, 20 (9) 664-668
Peacock, M. A., Moddle, D. A. (1941) On a crystal of augelite from California. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 26 (175) 105-115 doi:10.1180/minmag.1941.026.175.01
Araki, T., Finney, J. J., Zoltai, T. (1968) The crystal structure of augelite. American Mineralogist, 53 (7-8) 1096-1103
Bleam, William F., Dec, Stephen F., Frye, James S. (1989) 27Al Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance study of five-coordinate aluminum in augelite and senegalite. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 16 (8) 817-820 doi:10.1007/bf00209706
Visser, D., Felius, R. O., Moree, M. (1997) Augelite and cerian crandallite in dumortierite quartzites, Vaca Morta quarry, Vereda range, Macaúbas, Bahia, Brazil. Mineralogical Magazine, 61 (407) 607-609 doi:10.1180/minmag.1997.061.407.11
Localities for Augelite
Showing 95 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Galliski et al. (2012) |
| Galliski et al. (2012) | |
Australia | |
| Lishmund (1982) +1 other reference |
| Duggan et al. (1990) |
| Duggan et al. (1990) | |
Austria | |
| Walter (2005) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Niedermayr (1997) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| |
| Bernhard (1998) | |
| Bernhard (2006, 2010) |
| www.franzbernhard.x10hosting.com (2016) |
Bolivia | |
| XRD by Dr. Jaroslav Hyrsl |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Wilson (2001) | |
| Wilson (2001) | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference | |
| Petrov (n.d.) |
| Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Dana 7:I:409. | |
| Wilson (2001) |
| Lavinsky (n.d.) |
| Smith et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| |
| Spencer (1907) +2 other references | |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
Brazil | |
| Franz et al. (2014) |
| MinMag 61:607 (1997) | |
| Sioeira et al. (1982) |
| Cassedanne et al. (1999) |
| 531 p +6 other references |
| Santos et al. (2016) |
Bulgaria | |
| Hikov et al. (2011) +1 other reference |
Canada | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
| 150-152. +3 other references | |
| various added photos | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
| Collected by Rod Tyson | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
China | |
| Yueqing Yang et al. (1986) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Breiter K. |
| Staněk (1991) +4 other references |
| Staněk (1997) +1 other reference | |
Europe | |
| Berbain et al. (2012) | |
Finland | |
| Sandström et al. (2009) |
France | |
| Berbain et al. (2012) |
India | |
| Deepthi et al. (2015) |
Japan | |
| The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) +1 other reference |
Liberia | |
| a reconnaissance report. USGS Bulletin ... +1 other reference |
Madagascar | |
| Ackermand et al. (2006) |
| Ackermand et al. (2006) | |
| Morteani et al. (2006) |
Peru | |
| collections of Rock Currier +1 other reference |
| Econ Geol (1984) |
| Jesse Crawford photo +1 other reference |
| Hyršl (2011) | |
| Carles Millan Collection | |
Portugal | |
| Maijer 1965 |
Russia | |
| Jambor et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Rwanda | |
| Lefèvre et al. (http://www.minsocam.org/msa/special/pig/PIG_articles/Elba%20Abstracts%2012%20Lefevre.pdf) +1 other reference |
| Gallagher et al. (1963) +2 other references |
| Bertossa | |
Senegal | |
| Keegan et al. (1979) +1 other reference |
| rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.) |
Slovakia | |
| Juraj ŽItňan (2011) |
Spain | |
| Calvo Rebollar (2015) |
| Weibel (1954) | |
Sweden (TL) | |
| - (1961) +1 other reference |
| Holtstam et al. (2019) |
| |
| Igelström (1866) +3 other references |
| Ek et al. (1990) |
Uganda | |
| Roberts (1948) +2 other references |
USA | |
| London et al. (1982) |
| Lemmon (1935) +5 other references |
| Schooner (circa 1980s) |
| Schooner (circa 1985) +1 other reference |
| King et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Dick Dionne |
| Newmont Mining Corporation |
| Jensen et al. (1995) |
| Seaman (1953) +3 other references |
| Geological Society of America Abstracts ... +1 other reference | |
| Seaman (1953) +2 other references |
| Morrill (1960) | |
| Milton (1986) |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Roberts et al. (1965) | |
| Anthony et al. (2000) |
| Seaman (1976) | |
| Rocks & Min.:60:110 +1 other reference | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
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Mundo Nuevo Mine, Mundo Nuevo, Huamachuco, Sánchez Carrión Province, La Libertad, Peru