Palabora Mine, Phalaborwa, Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality, Mopani District Municipality, Limpopo, South Africai
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Palabora Mine | Open-Cast Mine |
| Phalaborwa | Town |
| Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality | Municipality |
| Mopani District Municipality | Municipality |
| Limpopo | Province |
| South Africa | Country |
This page kindly sponsored by Malcolm Southwood
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
23° 59' 31'' South , 31° 7' 41'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Phalaborwa | 109,468 (2012) | 5.6km |
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Foscor open pit; PMC mine
A copper-uranium-zirconium-platinum-apatite-vermiculite mine located near Phalaborwa in Limpopo Province (previously NE Transvaal). Apatite production occurred 1932-1934. Vermiculite production began in 1946. Copper mining commenced in 1965 and was fully operational by 1967.
The town name is Phalaborwa, the geological formation is the Phalaborwa Complex and the mine Palabora mine.
Ore is in the Phalaborwa carbonatite complex. This is the largest open-pit mine in South Africa, owned by Palabora Mining Company, Ltd.; RTZ (Manager).
The Phalaborwa Complex covers an area of 1,950 hectares (ca. 7.5 square miles) and consists mainly of a phlogopite- and apatite-rich pyroxenite. This pyroxenite is intruded successively by a series of more differentiated rocks — foskorite (phoscorite), and olivine-magnetite-apatite-phlogopite rock and finally a central intrusion of sövite (transgressive carbonatite). The sövite intrusion shows an intimate relationship with foskorite. The sövite (50 hectares/0.19 square mile at the surface) is composed of calcite and magnetite with minor amounts of dolomite, apatite, chalcopyrite, bornite and various silicates. Furthermore, uraninite-thorianite and baddeleyite are important accessory minerals. The sövite is being mined by large-scale opencast methods mainly for copper with uranium, zirconium, and minute amounts of platinum as by-products. The foskorite is mined for the extraction of phosphate. The resources of apatite from the foskorite and the pyroxenite are enormous.
In 1990 underground mining was commenced in the northeast corner of the pit from Bench 31 with the aim of developing a block caving method of mining.
In the early 2000s underground mining was conducted in the northwestern side of the pit involving block caving. The northwest wall collapsed in 2004.
The complex comprises three main zones: the Northern Pyroxenite Zone, the Loolekop Zone, and the Southern Pyroxenite Zone. These zones have a total exposure length of around 6.5 km from north to south and a width of 1.5–3.5 km from east to west. The complex not only hosts a world-class pipe-like copper–gold deposit but also contains significant resources of iron, platinum group metals, uranium, REEs, niobium, and phosphorus resources.
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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities105 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
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Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Aegirine Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ Analcime Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| ⓘ Ancylite-(Ce) Formula: CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
| ⓘ Ankerite Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ Antigorite Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ Anzaite-(Ce) Formula: Ce3+ 4Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2 |
| ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ Aragonite Formula: CaCO3 |
| ⓘ Argentopentlandite Formula: Ag(Fe,Ni)8S8 Description: Determined in carbonatitic ores, in sulfide flotation concentrate |
| ⓘ Arsenopalladinite Formula: Pd8(As,Sb)3 Description: Determined in carbonatitic ores, in sulfide flotation concentrate. |
| ⓘ Atokite Formula: (Pd,Pt)3Sn Description: Determined in carbonatitic ores, in sulfide flotation concentrate. |
| ⓘ Azurite Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 References: |
| ⓘ Baddeleyite Formula: ZrO2 Localities: Description: Baddeleyite up to 15cm long where found here in the early 1980s. Small crystals to 1cm are quite common. |
| ⓘ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 |
| ⓘ Barytocalcite Formula: BaCa(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) Formula: Ce(CO3)F |
| ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ Bornite Formula: Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ Brucite Formula: Mg(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Burbankite Formula: (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| ⓘ Cabriite Formula: Pd2CuSn Description: Determined in carbonatitic ores, in sulfide flotation concentrate. |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
| ⓘ Carbocernaite Formula: (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ Celestine Formula: SrSO4 |
| ⓘ 'Chabazite' |
| ⓘ Chalcocite Formula: Cu2S |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' |
| ⓘ Chondrodite Formula: Mg5(SiO4)2F2 Localities: Description: Chondrodite is found as coarse brown masses or as brilliant red to reddish-orange transparent crystals of exceptional quality up to 1 cm in size.
|
| ⓘ Clinochlore Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ Cordylite-(Ce) Formula: NaBaCe2(CO3)4F |
| ⓘ Covellite Formula: CuS |
| ⓘ Cubanite Formula: CuFe2S3 |
| ⓘ Cuprite Formula: Cu2O |
| ⓘ Datolite Formula: CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ Diopside Formula: CaMgSi2O6 Colour: Pale lime-green Description: Occurs as large cleavages and crystal remnants. |
| ⓘ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ Fairchildite Formula: K2Ca(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' |
| ⓘ 'Fergusonite-(Nd)' Formula: NdNbO4 |
| ⓘ Fluoborite Formula: Mg3(BO3)(F,OH)3 Colour: White Description: Found in foskorite rocks of the Phalaborwa complex as white mats grown in parallel alignment, associated with Iowaite and Magnetite. |
| ⓘ Fluorapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F |
| ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) Formula: KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| ⓘ Fluorbritholite-(Ce) Formula: (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 |
| ⓘ Froodite Formula: α-PdBi2 Description: Determined in carbonatitic ores, in sulfide flotation concentrate. |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS |
| ⓘ Geikielite Formula: MgTiO3 |
| ⓘ 'Glimmerite' |
| ⓘ Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ Halite Formula: NaCl |
| ⓘ Heazlewoodite Formula: Ni3S2 |
| ⓘ Hessite Formula: Ag2Te Description: Determined in carbonatitic ores, in sulfide flotation concentrate |
| ⓘ 'Heulandite Subgroup' Formula: (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| ⓘ Hydrobiotite Formula: K(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| ⓘ Hydromagnesite Formula: Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ Hydrotalcite Formula: Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ Ilmenite var. Picroilmenite Formula: (Fe2+,Mg)TiO3 |
| ✪ Iowaite Formula: Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ Jalpaite Formula: Ag3CuS2 Description: Determined in carbonatitic ores, in sulfide flotation concentrate |
| ⓘ 'K Feldspar' |
| ⓘ Kyanite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O References: |
| ⓘ Laumontite Formula: CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ Linnaeite Formula: Co2+Co3+2S4 |
| ⓘ Lizardite Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 References: |
| ⓘ Mackinawite Formula: FeS |
| ⓘ Magnesite Formula: MgCO3 |
| ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ Magnetite var. Magnomagnetite Formula: (Fe,Mg)Fe2O4 References: Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data, 2019Identified by Pavel Kartashov: EPMA |
| ⓘ Majakite Formula: PdNiAs Description: Determined in carbonatitic ores, in sulfide flotation concentrate. |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Marcasite Formula: FeS2 |
| ⓘ Mertieite Formula: Pd8Sb2.5As0.5 Description: Determined in carbonatitic ores, in sulfide flotation concentrate. |
| ⓘ Mesolite Formula: Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ Millerite Formula: NiS |
| ⓘ 'Monazite Group' Formula: REE(PO4) |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 References: |
| ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite Formula: K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 References: |
| ⓘ Native Gold Formula: Au |
| ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum Formula: (Au,Ag) Description: Determined in carbonatitic ores, in sulfide flotation concentrate. |
| ⓘ Native Silver Formula: Ag Description: Determined in carbonatitic ores, in sulfide flotation concentrate (from Nikolay Rudashevsky et al (2001) reference). |
| ⓘ Native Silver var. Küstelite Formula: Ag Description: Determined in carbonatitic ores, in sulfide flotation concentrate. |
| ⓘ Natrolite Formula: Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ Naumannite Formula: Ag2Se |
| ⓘ 'Olivine Group' Formula: M2SiO4 |
| ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) Formula: CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| ⓘ Pectolite Formula: NaCa2Si3O8(OH) References: |
| ⓘ Pentlandite Formula: (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| ⓘ Phlogopite Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Portlandite Formula: Ca(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Prehnite Formula: Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 References: |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 |
| ⓘ Pyrite var. Bravoite Formula: (Fe,Ni)S2 |
| ⓘ Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 |
| ⓘ Saponite Formula: Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ Scolecite Formula: CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup' Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| ⓘ Shandite Formula: Ni3Pb2S2 |
| ⓘ Siegenite Formula: CoNi2S4 |
| ⓘ Sperrylite Formula: PtAs2 Description: Determined in carbonatitic ores, in sulfide flotation concentrate. |
| ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS |
| ⓘ Spinel Formula: MgAl2O4 |
| ⓘ Stilbite-Ca Formula: NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| ⓘ Stromeyerite Formula: AgCuS Description: Determined in carbonatitic ores, in sulfide flotation concentrate |
| ⓘ Strontianite Formula: SrCO3 |
| ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce) Formula: CaCe(CO3)2F |
| ⓘ Taimyrite Formula: (Pd,Cu,Pt)3Sn Description: Determined in carbonatitic ores, in sulfide flotation concentrate. |
| ⓘ Talnakhite Formula: Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16 |
| ⓘ Tetra-auricupride Formula: AuCu Description: Determined in carbonatitic ores, in sulfide flotation concentrate. |
| ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
| ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca Formula: NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| ⓘ Thorianite Formula: ThO2 |
| ⓘ Thorianite var. Uranothorianite Formula: (Th,U)O2 |
| ⓘ 'UM2000-65-SiO:CaCe' Formula: CaCe2(SiO4)2 References: |
| ⓘ 'UM2001-01-As:HgPbPd' Formula: Pd11(Pb,Hg)As2 References: |
| ⓘ Uraninite Formula: UO2 |
| ⓘ Valleriite Formula: (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| ⓘ Vermiculite Formula: Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O Description: Crystals to 20cm across. |
| ⓘ Violarite Formula: Fe2+Ni3+2S4 |
| ⓘ Witherite Formula: BaCO3 |
| ⓘ Xonotlite Formula: Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ Zirconolite Formula: CaZrTi2O7 |
| ⓘ Zirconolite var. Niobozirconolite ? Formula: CaZr(Ti,Nb)2O7 |
| ⓘ Zirkelite Formula: (Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Native Gold var. Electrum | 1.AA.05 | (Au,Ag) |
| ⓘ | 1.AA.05 | Au | |
| ⓘ | Native Silver | 1.AA.05 | Ag |
| ⓘ | var. Küstelite | 1.AA.05 | Ag |
| ⓘ | Tetra-auricupride | 1.AA.10b | AuCu |
| ⓘ | Atokite | 1.AG.10 | (Pd,Pt)3Sn |
| ⓘ | Taimyrite | 1.AG.15 | (Pd,Cu,Pt)3Sn |
| ⓘ | Cabriite | 1.AG.30 | Pd2CuSn |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
| ⓘ | Mertieite | 2.AC.10b | Pd8Sb2.5As0.5 |
| ⓘ | Arsenopalladinite | 2.AC.10c | Pd8(As,Sb)3 |
| ⓘ | Majakite | 2.AC.25e | PdNiAs |
| ⓘ | Froodite | 2.AC.45a | α-PdBi2 |
| ⓘ | Chalcocite | 2.BA.05 | Cu2S |
| ⓘ | Bornite | 2.BA.15 | Cu5FeS4 |
| ⓘ | Stromeyerite | 2.BA.40 | AgCuS |
| ⓘ | Jalpaite | 2.BA.45 | Ag3CuS2 |
| ⓘ | Naumannite | 2.BA.55 | Ag2Se |
| ⓘ | Hessite | 2.BA.60 | Ag2Te |
| ⓘ | Heazlewoodite | 2.BB.05 | Ni3S2 |
| ⓘ | Argentopentlandite | 2.BB.15 | Ag(Fe,Ni)8S8 |
| ⓘ | Pentlandite | 2.BB.15 | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| ⓘ | Shandite | 2.BE.15 | Ni3Pb2S2 |
| ⓘ | Covellite | 2.CA.05a | CuS |
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Talnakhite | 2.CB.10b | Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16 |
| ⓘ | Cubanite | 2.CB.55a | CuFe2S3 |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ | Millerite | 2.CC.20 | NiS |
| ⓘ | Mackinawite | 2.CC.25 | FeS |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Linnaeite | 2.DA.05 | Co2+Co3+2S4 |
| ⓘ | Siegenite | 2.DA.05 | CoNi2S4 |
| ⓘ | Violarite | 2.DA.05 | Fe2+Ni3+2S4 |
| ⓘ | Pyrite var. Bravoite | 2.EB.05a | (Fe,Ni)S2 |
| ⓘ | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 | |
| ⓘ | Sperrylite | 2.EB.05a | PtAs2 |
| ⓘ | Marcasite | 2.EB.10a | FeS2 |
| ⓘ | Valleriite | 2.FD.30 | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| ⓘ | 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup' | 2.GB.05 | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Halite | 3.AA.20 | NaCl |
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Cuprite | 4.AA.10 | Cu2O |
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Spinel | 4.BB.05 | MgAl2O4 |
| ⓘ | Magnetite var. Magnomagnetite | 4.BB.05 | (Fe,Mg)Fe2O4 |
| ⓘ | Geikielite | 4.CB.05 | MgTiO3 |
| ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ | var. Picroilmenite | 4.CB.05 | (Fe2+,Mg)TiO3 |
| ⓘ | Anzaite-(Ce) | 4.CC. | Ce3+ 4Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Baddeleyite | 4.DE.35 | ZrO2 |
| ⓘ | Zirconolite var. Niobozirconolite ? | 4.DH.30 | CaZr(Ti,Nb)2O7 |
| ⓘ | 4.DH.30 | CaZrTi2O7 | |
| ⓘ | Thorianite | 4.DL.05 | ThO2 |
| ⓘ | Uraninite | 4.DL.05 | UO2 |
| ⓘ | Thorianite var. Uranothorianite | 4.DL.05 | (Th,U)O2 |
| ⓘ | Zirkelite | 4.DL.05 | (Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x |
| ⓘ | Brucite | 4.FE.05 | Mg(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Portlandite | 4.FE.05 | Ca(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Iowaite | 4.FL.05 | Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Magnesite | 5.AB.05 | MgCO3 |
| ⓘ | Ankerite | 5.AB.10 | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Aragonite | 5.AB.15 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Strontianite | 5.AB.15 | SrCO3 |
| ⓘ | Witherite | 5.AB.15 | BaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Barytocalcite | 5.AB.45 | BaCa(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Carbocernaite | 5.AB.50 | (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Fairchildite | 5.AC.20 | K2Ca(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Burbankite | 5.AC.30 | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| ⓘ | Azurite | 5.BA.05 | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Cordylite-(Ce) | 5.BD.05 | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F |
| ⓘ | Bastnäsite-(Ce) | 5.BD.20a | Ce(CO3)F |
| ⓘ | Parisite-(Ce) | 5.BD.20b | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| ⓘ | Synchysite-(Ce) | 5.BD.20c | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| ⓘ | Hydromagnesite | 5.DA.05 | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Hydrotalcite | 5.DA.50 | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Ancylite-(Ce) | 5.DC.05 | CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
| Group 6 - Borates | |||
| ⓘ | Fluoborite | 6.AB.50 | Mg3(BO3)(F,OH)3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| ⓘ | Celestine | 7.AD.35 | SrSO4 |
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | 'Fergusonite-(Nd)' | 7.GA.05 | NdNbO4 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Kyanite | 9.AF.15 | Al2(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Chondrodite | 9.AF.45 | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 |
| ⓘ | Fluorbritholite-(Ce) | 9.AH.25 | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| ⓘ | Datolite | 9.AJ.20 | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| ⓘ | Diopside | 9.DA.15 | CaMgSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | Aegirine | 9.DA.25 | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Pectolite | 9.DG.05 | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| ⓘ | Xonotlite | 9.DG.35 | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Prehnite | 9.DP.20 | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Fluorapophyllite-(K) | 9.EA.15 | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Muscovite var. Fuchsite | 9.EC.15 | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 | |
| ⓘ | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Saponite | 9.EC.45 | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Vermiculite | 9.EC.50 | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Clinochlore | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Hydrobiotite | 9.EC.60 | K(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Antigorite | 9.ED.15 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Lizardite | 9.ED.15 | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Mesolite | 9.GA.05 | Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Natrolite | 9.GA.05 | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Scolecite | 9.GA.05 | CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O |
| ⓘ | Thomsonite-Ca | 9.GA.10 | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| ⓘ | Analcime | 9.GB.05 | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| ⓘ | Laumontite | 9.GB.10 | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Stilbite-Ca | 9.GE.10 | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Chabazite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Heulandite Subgroup' | - | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| ⓘ | 'Monazite Group' | - | REE(PO4) |
| ⓘ | 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Serpentine Subgroup' | - | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Olivine Group' | - | M2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | 'Glimmerite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'UM2000-65-SiO:CaCe' | - | CaCe2(SiO4)2 |
| ⓘ | 'UM2001-01-As:HgPbPd' | - | Pd11(Pb,Hg)As2 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Ancylite-(Ce) | CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Fluoborite | Mg3(BO3)(F,OH)3 |
| H | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Hydrobiotite | K(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Iowaite | Mg6Fe23+(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Mesolite | Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Portlandite | Ca(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Scolecite | CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O |
| H | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| H | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| H | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| H | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| H | ⓘ Anzaite-(Ce) | Ce 43+Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2 |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Fluoborite | Mg3(BO3)(F,OH)3 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Ancylite-(Ce) | CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
| C | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Barytocalcite | BaCa(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| C | ⓘ Burbankite | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Carbocernaite | (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Fairchildite | K2Ca(CO3)2 |
| C | ⓘ Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| C | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| C | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| C | ⓘ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| C | ⓘ Witherite | BaCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Ancylite-(Ce) | CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Barytocalcite | BaCa(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Baddeleyite | ZrO2 |
| O | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | ⓘ Burbankite | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| O | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Carbocernaite | (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| O | ⓘ Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 |
| O | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F |
| O | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| O | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Fairchildite | K2Ca(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Nd) | NdNbO4 |
| O | ⓘ Fluoborite | Mg3(BO3)(F,OH)3 |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Fluorbritholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Geikielite | MgTiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Hydrobiotite | K(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Iowaite | Mg6Fe23+(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Mesolite | Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Monazite Group | REE(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Zirconolite var. Niobozirconolite | CaZr(Ti,Nb)2O7 |
| O | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| O | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Portlandite | Ca(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Scolecite | CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O |
| O | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| O | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| O | ⓘ Thorianite | ThO2 |
| O | ⓘ Uraninite | UO2 |
| O | ⓘ Thorianite var. Uranothorianite | (Th,U)O2 |
| O | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| O | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Witherite | BaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Zirconolite | CaZrTi2O7 |
| O | ⓘ Zirkelite | (Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x |
| O | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| O | ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series | |
| O | ⓘ Ilmenite var. Picroilmenite | (Fe2+,Mg)TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| O | ⓘ Olivine Group | M2SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Anzaite-(Ce) | Ce 43+Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ UM2000-65-SiO:CaCe | CaCe2(SiO4)2 |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite var. Magnomagnetite | (Fe,Mg)Fe2O4 |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | ⓘ Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 |
| F | ⓘ Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F |
| F | ⓘ Fluoborite | Mg3(BO3)(F,OH)3 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| F | ⓘ Fluorbritholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| F | ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| F | ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| F | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Na | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Burbankite | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| Na | ⓘ Carbocernaite | (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2 |
| Na | ⓘ Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F |
| Na | ⓘ Halite | NaCl |
| Na | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Na | ⓘ Mesolite | Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Fluoborite | Mg3(BO3)(F,OH)3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Geikielite | MgTiO3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Hydrobiotite | K(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Iowaite | Mg6Fe23+(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Magnesite | MgCO3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series | |
| Mg | ⓘ Ilmenite var. Picroilmenite | (Fe2+,Mg)TiO3 |
| Mg | ⓘ Magnetite var. Magnomagnetite | (Fe,Mg)Fe2O4 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Hydrobiotite | K(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Al | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Mesolite | Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Scolecite | CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| Al | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Antigorite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Fluorbritholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Hydrobiotite | K(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Lizardite | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Mesolite | Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Scolecite | CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series | |
| Si | ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Olivine Group | M2SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ UM2000-65-SiO:CaCe | CaCe2(SiO4)2 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| P | ⓘ Monazite Group | REE(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Argentopentlandite | Ag(Fe,Ni)8S8 |
| S | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite var. Bravoite | (Fe,Ni)S2 |
| S | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| S | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| S | ⓘ Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Heazlewoodite | Ni3S2 |
| S | ⓘ Jalpaite | Ag3CuS2 |
| S | ⓘ Linnaeite | Co2+Co23+S4 |
| S | ⓘ Mackinawite | FeS |
| S | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Millerite | NiS |
| S | ⓘ Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| S | ⓘ Shandite | Ni3Pb2S2 |
| S | ⓘ Siegenite | CoNi2S4 |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| S | ⓘ Stromeyerite | AgCuS |
| S | ⓘ Talnakhite | Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16 |
| S | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| S | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| S | ⓘ Violarite | Fe2+Ni23+S4 |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Halite | NaCl |
| Cl | ⓘ Iowaite | Mg6Fe23+(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O |
| Cl | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | ⓘ Fairchildite | K2Ca(CO3)2 |
| K | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| K | ⓘ Hydrobiotite | K(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Barytocalcite | BaCa(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Burbankite | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Carbocernaite | (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Diopside | CaMgSi2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Datolite | CaB(SiO4)(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Fairchildite | K2Ca(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorbritholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Heulandite Subgroup | (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Mesolite | Na2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Zirconolite var. Niobozirconolite | CaZr(Ti,Nb)2O7 |
| Ca | ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Portlandite | Ca(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Scolecite | CaAl2Si3O10 · 3H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| Ca | ⓘ Thomsonite-Ca | NaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Zirconolite | CaZrTi2O7 |
| Ca | ⓘ Zirkelite | (Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x |
| Ca | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ UM2000-65-SiO:CaCe | CaCe2(SiO4)2 |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Geikielite | MgTiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Zirconolite var. Niobozirconolite | CaZr(Ti,Nb)2O7 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Zirconolite | CaZrTi2O7 |
| Ti | ⓘ Zirkelite | (Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x |
| Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite var. Picroilmenite | (Fe2+,Mg)TiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Anzaite-(Ce) | Ce 43+Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2 |
| Cr | Chromium | |
| Cr | ⓘ Muscovite var. Fuchsite | K(Al,Cr)3Si3O10(OH)2 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Argentopentlandite | Ag(Fe,Ni)8S8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite var. Bravoite | (Fe,Ni)S2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hydrobiotite | K(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Iowaite | Mg6Fe23+(OH)16Cl2 · 4H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Mackinawite | FeS |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Marcasite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Fe | ⓘ Saponite | Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Talnakhite | Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16 |
| Fe | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Violarite | Fe2+Ni23+S4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series | |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite var. Picroilmenite | (Fe2+,Mg)TiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Anzaite-(Ce) | Ce 43+Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite var. Magnomagnetite | (Fe,Mg)Fe2O4 |
| Co | Cobalt | |
| Co | ⓘ Linnaeite | Co2+Co23+S4 |
| Co | ⓘ Siegenite | CoNi2S4 |
| Ni | Nickel | |
| Ni | ⓘ Argentopentlandite | Ag(Fe,Ni)8S8 |
| Ni | ⓘ Pyrite var. Bravoite | (Fe,Ni)S2 |
| Ni | ⓘ Heazlewoodite | Ni3S2 |
| Ni | ⓘ Majakite | PdNiAs |
| Ni | ⓘ Millerite | NiS |
| Ni | ⓘ Pentlandite | (NixFey)Σ9S8 |
| Ni | ⓘ Shandite | Ni3Pb2S2 |
| Ni | ⓘ Siegenite | CoNi2S4 |
| Ni | ⓘ Talnakhite | Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16 |
| Ni | ⓘ Violarite | Fe2+Ni23+S4 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Bornite | Cu5FeS4 |
| Cu | ⓘ Cabriite | Pd2CuSn |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcocite | Cu2S |
| Cu | ⓘ Covellite | CuS |
| Cu | ⓘ Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
| Cu | ⓘ Cuprite | Cu2O |
| Cu | ⓘ Jalpaite | Ag3CuS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Stromeyerite | AgCuS |
| Cu | ⓘ Taimyrite | (Pd,Cu,Pt)3Sn |
| Cu | ⓘ Talnakhite | Cu9(Fe,Ni)8S16 |
| Cu | ⓘ Tetra-auricupride | AuCu |
| Cu | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Cu | ⓘ Valleriite | (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| As | Arsenic | |
| As | ⓘ Arsenopalladinite | Pd8(As,Sb)3 |
| As | ⓘ Majakite | PdNiAs |
| As | ⓘ Mertieite | Pd8Sb2.5As0.5 |
| As | ⓘ Sperrylite | PtAs2 |
| As | ⓘ UM2001-01-As:HgPbPd | Pd11(Pb,Hg)As2 |
| Se | Selenium | |
| Se | ⓘ Naumannite | Ag2Se |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | ⓘ Ancylite-(Ce) | CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
| Sr | ⓘ Burbankite | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| Sr | ⓘ Carbocernaite | (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2 |
| Sr | ⓘ Celestine | SrSO4 |
| Sr | ⓘ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Baddeleyite | ZrO2 |
| Zr | ⓘ Zirconolite var. Niobozirconolite | CaZr(Ti,Nb)2O7 |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Zr | ⓘ Zirconolite | CaZrTi2O7 |
| Zr | ⓘ Zirkelite | (Ti,Ca,Zr)O2-x |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Nd) | NdNbO4 |
| Nb | ⓘ Zirconolite var. Niobozirconolite | CaZr(Ti,Nb)2O7 |
| Pd | Palladium | |
| Pd | ⓘ Arsenopalladinite | Pd8(As,Sb)3 |
| Pd | ⓘ Atokite | (Pd,Pt)3Sn |
| Pd | ⓘ Cabriite | Pd2CuSn |
| Pd | ⓘ Froodite | α-PdBi2 |
| Pd | ⓘ Majakite | PdNiAs |
| Pd | ⓘ Mertieite | Pd8Sb2.5As0.5 |
| Pd | ⓘ Taimyrite | (Pd,Cu,Pt)3Sn |
| Pd | ⓘ UM2001-01-As:HgPbPd | Pd11(Pb,Hg)As2 |
| Ag | Silver | |
| Ag | ⓘ Argentopentlandite | Ag(Fe,Ni)8S8 |
| Ag | ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum | (Au,Ag) |
| Ag | ⓘ Hessite | Ag2Te |
| Ag | ⓘ Jalpaite | Ag3CuS2 |
| Ag | ⓘ Naumannite | Ag2Se |
| Ag | ⓘ Native Silver | Ag |
| Ag | ⓘ Stromeyerite | AgCuS |
| Ag | ⓘ Native Silver var. Küstelite | Ag |
| Sn | Tin | |
| Sn | ⓘ Atokite | (Pd,Pt)3Sn |
| Sn | ⓘ Cabriite | Pd2CuSn |
| Sn | ⓘ Taimyrite | (Pd,Cu,Pt)3Sn |
| Sb | Antimony | |
| Sb | ⓘ Arsenopalladinite | Pd8(As,Sb)3 |
| Sb | ⓘ Mertieite | Pd8Sb2.5As0.5 |
| Sb | ⓘ Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S |
| Te | Tellurium | |
| Te | ⓘ Hessite | Ag2Te |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | ⓘ Barytocalcite | BaCa(CO3)2 |
| Ba | ⓘ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Ba | ⓘ Burbankite | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| Ba | ⓘ Carbocernaite | (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2 |
| Ba | ⓘ Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F |
| Ba | ⓘ Witherite | BaCO3 |
| Ce | Cerium | |
| Ce | ⓘ Ancylite-(Ce) | CeSr(CO3)2(OH) · H2O |
| Ce | ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| Ce | ⓘ Burbankite | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| Ce | ⓘ Carbocernaite | (Ca,Na)(Sr,Ce,Ba)(CO3)2 |
| Ce | ⓘ Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F |
| Ce | ⓘ Fluorbritholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| Ce | ⓘ Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| Ce | ⓘ Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| Ce | ⓘ Anzaite-(Ce) | Ce 43+Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2 |
| Ce | ⓘ UM2000-65-SiO:CaCe | CaCe2(SiO4)2 |
| Nd | Neodymium | |
| Nd | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Nd) | NdNbO4 |
| Pt | Platinum | |
| Pt | ⓘ Atokite | (Pd,Pt)3Sn |
| Pt | ⓘ Sperrylite | PtAs2 |
| Pt | ⓘ Taimyrite | (Pd,Cu,Pt)3Sn |
| Au | Gold | |
| Au | ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum | (Au,Ag) |
| Au | ⓘ Native Gold | Au |
| Au | ⓘ Tetra-auricupride | AuCu |
| Hg | Mercury | |
| Hg | ⓘ UM2001-01-As:HgPbPd | Pd11(Pb,Hg)As2 |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Pb | ⓘ Shandite | Ni3Pb2S2 |
| Pb | ⓘ UM2001-01-As:HgPbPd | Pd11(Pb,Hg)As2 |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | ⓘ Froodite | α-PdBi2 |
| Th | Thorium | |
| Th | ⓘ Thorianite | ThO2 |
| Th | ⓘ Thorianite var. Uranothorianite | (Th,U)O2 |
| U | Uranium | |
| U | ⓘ Uraninite | UO2 |
| U | ⓘ Thorianite var. Uranothorianite | (Th,U)O2 |
Other Databases
| Wikipedia: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palabora |
|---|---|
| Wikidata ID: | Q3360745 |
Localities in this Region
- Limpopo
- Mopani District Municipality
- Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality
- Phalaborwa
- Palabora Mine
- Phalaborwa
- Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality
- Mopani District Municipality
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
AfricaContinent
African Plate
- Kalahari Craton
- Kaapvaal CratonCraton
Somali PlateTectonic Plate
South Africa
- ⭔TransvaalProvince
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References
Heinrich, E. Wm. (1970) The Palabora carbonatitic complex; a unique copper deposit. The Canadian Mineralogist, 10 (3). 585-598
Groves, David I., Vielreicher, Noreen M. (2001) The Phalabowra (Palabora) carbonatite-hosted magnetite-copper sulfide deposit, South Africa: an end-member of the iron-oxide copper-gold-rare earth element deposit group?. Mineralium Deposita, 36 (2) 189-194 doi:10.1007/s001260050298
wwwu.edu.uni-klu.ac.at (n.d.) http://wwwu.edu.uni-klu.ac.at/mmessner/sites/rsa/palabora/palabora.htm
Southwood, Malcolm, Cairncross, Bruce (2017) The Minerals of Palabora, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Rocks & Minerals, 92 (5) 426-453 doi:10.1080/00357529.2017.1331398
Giebel, R. Johannes, Gauert, Christoph D.K., Marks, Michael A.W., Costin, Gelu, Markl, Gregor (2017) Multi-stage formation of REE minerals in the Palabora Carbonatite Complex, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 102 (6) 1218-1233 doi:10.2138/am-2017-6004
Giebel, R. Johannes, Marks, Michael A.W., Gauert, Christoph D.K., Markl, Gregor (2019) A model for the formation of carbonatite-phoscorite assemblages based on the compositional variations of mica and apatite from the Palabora Carbonatite Complex, South Africa. Lithos, 324-325. 89-104 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2018.10.030
www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/S%C3%BCdafrika/Limpopo%2C%20Provinz/Mopani%2C%20Distrikt/Phalaborwa/Loolekop/Palabora%20Mine
Le Bras, Loic Y., Bolhar, Robert, Bybee, Grant M., Nex, Paul A. M., Guy, Bradley M., Moyana, Thabitha, Lourens, Paulien (2021) Platinum-group and trace elements in Cu-sulfides from the Loolekop pipe, Phalaborwa: implications for ore-forming processes. Mineralium Deposita, 56 (1). 161-177 doi:10.1007/s00126-020-01005-4
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Palabora Mine, Phalaborwa, Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality, Mopani District Municipality, Limpopo, South Africa