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Naumannite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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06284110017271925368299.jpg
Naumannite

Virgen de Surumi mine, Pakajake Canyon, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Bolivia
07814020017271925399516.jpg
Naumannite

Zálesí uranium deposit, Zálesí, Javorník, Jeseník District, Olomouc Region, Czech Republic
06126860017271925434773.jpg
Naumannite

De Lamar Mine, De Lamar Mining District, Owyhee County, Idaho, USA
02916810017864942473116.jpg
Naumannite

Virgen de Surumi mine, Pakajake Canyon, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Bolivia
05564520017866631244549.jpg
Naumannite

Zálesí uranium deposit, Zálesí, Javorník, Jeseník District, Olomouc Region, Czech Republic
06126860017271925434773.jpg
Naumannite

De Lamar Mine, De Lamar Mining District, Owyhee County, Idaho, USA
06284110017271925368299.jpg
Naumannite

Virgen de Surumi mine, Pakajake Canyon, Colquechaca Municipality, Chayanta Province, Potosí, Bolivia
07814020017271925399516.jpg
Naumannite

Zálesí uranium deposit, Zálesí, Javorník, Jeseník District, Olomouc Region, Czech Republic
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About NaumanniteHide

06666410017271925485250.jpg
Karl Friedrich Naumann
Formula:
Ag2Se
Colour:
grey-black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
7.0 - 8.0
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named after Georg Amadeus Carl Friedrich Naumann (30 May 1797 – 26 November 1873), German crystallographer and geologist.
Compare the chemically similar aguilarite.

Compare 'UM1988-21-Se:AgBiHg'.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2866
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2866:6

Similar NamesHide

Naumannite (of Koksharov)A synonym of Rutile
NumanoiteA valid IMA mineral speciesCa4Cu(B4O6(OH)6)(CO3)2

IMA Classification of NaumanniteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Ag1+2Se2-
First published:
1828
Type description reference:
Rose, G. (1828) Über ein neues Selenerz vom Harz.- Poggendorffs Annalen der Physik und Chemie: 14: 471-473.

Classification of NaumanniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
2.BA.55

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
A : With Cu, Ag, Au
Dana 8th ed.:
2.4.1.2

2 : SULFIDES
4 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:
3.2.3

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
2 : Sulphides etc. of Ag

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
NauIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
NauThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of NaumanniteHide

Lustre:
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Grey-black
Comment:
tarnishes to iridescent brownish
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN25=33 - 84 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Sectile
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Hackly
Density:
7.0 - 8.0 g/cm3 (Measured)    8.24 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of NaumanniteHide

Anisotropism:
Distinct but weak, pale gray to dark gray

Chemistry of NaumanniteHide

Mindat Formula:
Ag2Se
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Ag73.206 %
Se26.794 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Ag
Se
Elements listed:
Ag, Se - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Pb,S

Crystallography of NaumanniteHide

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
222 - Disphenoidal
Space Group:
P212121
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.333 Å, b = 7.062 Å, c = 7.764 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.614 : 1 : 1.099
Unit Cell V:
237.58 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Granular massive

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0000262NaumanniteWiegers G A (1971) The crystal structure of the low-temperature form of silver selenide American Mineralogist 56 1882-188819710293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.67 Å(100)
2.57 Å(100)
2.24 Å(60)
2.006 Å(40)
4.15 Å(20)
2.42 Å(20)
2.11 Å(20)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Geological Setting:
hydrothermal veins deficient in sulfur.

Type Occurrence of NaumanniteHide

Synonyms of NaumanniteHide

Other Language Names for NaumanniteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
32 photos of Naumannite associated with ClausthalitePbSe
30 photos of Naumannite associated with CalciteCaCO3
25 photos of Naumannite associated with KlockmanniteCuSe
20 photos of Naumannite associated with QuartzSiO2
20 photos of Naumannite associated with 'Electrum'(Au,Ag)
19 photos of Naumannite associated with EucairiteAgCuSe
12 photos of Naumannite associated with AguilariteAg4SeS
10 photos of Naumannite associated with MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
9 photos of Naumannite associated with TiemanniteHgSe
9 photos of Naumannite associated with ChalcopyriteCuFeS2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.BA.MakotoiteAg12(Cu3Au)S8Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
2.BA.AlburniteAg8GeTe2S4Iso.
2.BA.DzierżanowskiteCaCu2S2Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
2.BA.XuwenyuaniteAg9Fe3+Te2S4Iso. 43m : F43m
2.BA.'Orileyite'(Fe,Cu)2As
2.BA.JuxingiteBi6Cu+138Cu2+2Fe3+30S125Iso. 43m : F43m
2.BA.05DjurleiteCu31S16Mon. 2/m
2.BA.05GeeriteCu8S5Trig. 3
2.BA.05RoxbyiteCu58S32Tric. 1 : P1
2.BA.05ChalcociteCu2SMon. 2/m : P21/b
2.BA.10DigeniteCu9S5Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.BA.10AniliteCu7S4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.BA.15BorniteCu5FeS4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
2.BA.20BellidoiteCu2SeTet. 4/m : P42/n
2.BA.20BerzelianiteCu2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12)Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
2.BA.25AthabascaiteCu5Se4Orth.
2.BA.25UmangiteCu3Se2Tet. 42m : P421m
2.BA.30RickarditeCu7Te5Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmmn
2.BA.30WeissiteCu2-xTeHex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mmm
2.BA.35AcanthiteAg2SMon. 2/m : P21/m
2.BA.35SpryiteAg8(As3+0.5As5+0.5)S6Orth. mm2 : Pna21
2.BA.40d'UM2003-13-S:AgAuCu'Ag6AuCu2S5
2.BA.40MckinstryiteAg5-xCu3+xS4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.BA.40StromeyeriteAgCuSOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.BA.42HoneaiteAu3TlTe2 Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcm
2.BA.45JalpaiteAg3CuS2Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd
2.BA.45SelenojalpaiteAg3CuSe2Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/amd
2.BA.45KuriliteAg8Te3SeTrig. 3 : R3
2.BA.47Spiridonovite(Cu1-xAgx)2TeTrig. 3m(32/m) : P3c1
2.BA.50WuyanzhiiteCu2STet. 422 : P43212
2.BA.50EucairiteAgCuSeOrth.
2.BA.52'Argentite'Ag2SIso.
2.BA.55AguilariteAg4SeSMon. 2/m
2.BA.60ChenguodaiteAg9Fe3+Te2S4Orth.
2.BA.60HessiteAg2TeMon. 2/m : P21/b
2.BA.60CervelleiteAg4TeSMon. 2/m
2.BA.65Henryite(Cu,Ag)3+xTe2 , with x ~ 0.40Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3c
2.BA.65StütziteAg5-xTe3, x = 0.24-0.36Hex. 6 : P6
2.BA.70ArgyroditeAg8GeS6Orth. mm2 : Pna21
2.BA.70Putzite(Cu4.7Ag3.3)GeS6Iso. 43m : F43m
2.BA.70CanfielditeAg8SnS6Orth. mm2 : Pna21
2.BA.75FischesseriteAg3AuSe2Iso. 432 : I4132
2.BA.75UytenbogaardtiteAg3AuS2Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
2.BA.75Penzhinite(Ag,Cu)4Au(S,Se)4Hex. 622 : P6322
2.BA.75PetrovskaiteAuAgSMon.
2.BA.75PetziteAg3AuTe2Iso. 432 : I4132
2.BA.80Bezsmertnovite(Au,Ag)4Cu(Te,Pb)Orth.
2.BA.80BilibinskitePbCu2Au3Te2Iso.
2.BA.80Bogdanovite(Au,Te,Pb)3(Cu,Fe)Iso.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Silver ore

Internet Links for NaumanniteHide

References for NaumanniteHide

Reference List:
Rose, G. (1828) Über ein neues Selenerz vom Harz.- Poggendorffs Annalen der Physik und Chemie: 14: 471-473.
Haidinger, W. (1845) Zweite Klasse: Geogenide. XIV. Ordnung. Glanze. III. Silberglanz. Naumannit. In: Handbuch der bestimmenden Mineralogie, Braumüller and Seidel, Wien: 563-570.
Shannon, E.V. (1920) An occurrence of naumannite in Idaho. American Journal of Science: s4-50: 390-391.
Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.179-180
Earley, J. W. (1950) Description and synthesis of the selenide minerals. American Mineralogist, 35 (5-6) 337-364
Borchert, Werner; Patzak, Ingeborg (1954) Reaktionen im festen Zustand von Kupfer und Silber mit Selen. Heidelberger Beiträge zur Mineralogie und Petrographie, 4 (5). 434-442 doi:10.1007/bf01136987
Pinsker, Z.G., Ching-Liang, C., Imamov, R.M., Lapidus E L (1965) Determination of the crystal structure of the low-temperature phase α-Ag2Se. Soviet Physics - Crystallography: 10: 225-231.
A.Wiegers, G. (1971) The crystal structure of the low-temperature form of silver selenide. American Mineralogist, 56 (11-12) 1882-1888
Petruk, W., Owens, D.R., Stewart, J.M., Murray, E.J. (1974) Observations on acanthite, aguilarite and naumannite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 12: 365-369.
Pingitore, N.E.; Ponce, B.F.; Eastman, M.P.; Moreno, F.; Podpora, C. (1992) Solid solutions in the system Ag2S–Ag2Se. Journal of Materials Research, 7 (8). p.2219-2224. doi:10.1557/jmr.1992.2219
Pingitore, N.E.; Ponce, B.F.; Estrada, L.; Eastman, M.P.; Yuan, H.L.; Porter, L.C.; Estrada, G. (1993) Calorimetric analysis of the system Ag2S–Ag2Se between 25 and 250 °C. Journal of Materials Research, 8 (12). p.3126-3130. doi:10.1557/jmr.1993.3126
(2005) Naumannite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America
Billetter, Heinrich, Ruschewitz, Uwe (2008) Structural Phase Transitions in Ag2Se (Naumannite). Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 634. 241-246 doi:10.1002/zaac.200700452
Yu, Jaemin; Yun, Hoseop (2011) Reinvestigation of the low-temperature form of Ag₂Se (naumannite) based on single-crystal data. Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, 67 (9). i45 doi:10.1107/s1600536811028534
Pal’yanova, G.A., Chudnenko, K.V., Zhuravkova, T.V. (2014) Thermodynamic properties of solid solutions in the system Ag2S–Ag2Se. Thermochimica Acta, 575. 90-96 doi:10.1016/j.tca.2013.10.018
Seryotkin, Yurii V., Palyanova, Galina A., Kokh, Konstantin A. (2015) Sulfur–selenium isomorphous substitution and polymorphism in the Ag2(S,Se) series. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 639. 89-93 doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.03.112

Localities for NaumanniteHide

Showing 307 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • East Antarctica
    • Queen Maud Land
Takahashi et al. (2020)
Argentina
 
  • La Rioja Province
    • Capital Department
      • Puerto Alegre
Zappettini et al. (2014) +1 other reference
    • Chilecito department
      • Sañogasta
Simon et al. (1997)
    • General Lamadrid department
Zappettini et al. (2014) +2 other references
Márquez-Zavalía et al. (2021)
      • Villa Castelli
        • Sierra de Cacho
de Brodtkorb et al. (2010)
De Brodtkorb (2009) +1 other reference
de Brodtkorb et al. (2010)
de Brodtkorb +4 other references
    • Vinchina Department
      • Jagüé
Grundmann et al. (2018)
  • Mendoza Province
    • Luján de Cuyo department
      • Cacheuta District
Simon et al. (1997) +1 other reference
          • Cerro de Cacheuta
Ahlfeld Friedrich and Angelelll ... +2 other references
    • Malargüe Department
      • Agua Escondida District
Mugas Lobos et al. (2011) +1 other reference
  • San Juan Province
    • Iglesia Department
      • Tudcum
        • Frontera mining district
Rudashevsky et al. (2018)
Atlantic Ocean
 
  • Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex
Melekestseva et al. (2022)
    • Semenov region
Melekestseva et al. (2017) +1 other reference
Australia
 
  • Queensland
    • Charters Towers Region
Paul (2010)
    • Cook Shire
Segnit +1 other reference
    • Sunshine Coast Region
Griffin et al. (1991) +1 other reference
  • South Australia
    • Pastoral Unincorporated Area
      • Iron Knob
Sorrell (n.d.) +1 other reference
  • Western Australia
    • Boddington Shire
      • Bannister
Kalleske (2010)
    • East Pilbara Shire
      • Rudall River District
Nickel (2002)
    • Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire
      • Kalgoorlie-Boulder
        • Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines
Simpson (1948)
Simpson (1948)
Simpson (1948)
    • Menzies Shire
      • Goongarrie
Salama et al. (2025)
Austria
 
  • Lower Austria
    • Wiener Neustadt-Land District
      • Kirchschlag in der Buckligen Welt
        • Judenbauer
Kolitsch (2014)
  • Tyrol
    • Innsbruck-Land District
      • Neustift im Stubaital
        • Habicht
Auer (2024)
  • Vorarlberg
    • Bludenz District
      • Lorüns
Kolitsch et al. (2020)
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Luxembourg
Jedwab et al. (1982) +1 other reference
Bolivia
 
  • Potosí
    • Chayanta Province
      • Colquechaca Municipality
        • Pakajake Canyon
Hurlbut et al. (1969) +1 other reference
Brazil
 
  • Pará
    • Curionópolis
Berni et al. (2014) +1 other reference
Bulgaria
 
  • Pazardzhik Province
    • Panagyurishte Municipality
      • Panagyurishte
Cioacă et al. (2018)
  • Sofia Province
    • Etropole Municipality
Tarkian et al. (2003) +2 other references
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Clinton Mining Division
British Columbia Ministry of Energy
    • Kamloops Mining Division
      • Kamloops
Garagan (2014)
    • Skeena Mining Division
      • Divide Lake
Anthony et al. (1990)
  • Manitoba
    • Flin Flon District
Healy et al. (1990)
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Newfoundland
Junco Rojas (2022)
      • Burin Peninsula
Sparkes et al. (2016)
  • Ontario
    • Cochrane District
      • Timmins
        • Kidd Township
Kidd Operations
    • Greater Sudbury
      • Levack Township
Econ Geol (1994) +1 other reference
Vale SA
      • Norman Township
Ames et al. (2003)
Kjarsgaard et al. (2010, June)
      • Wisner Township
Ames et al. (2007) +2 other references
Kjarsgaard et al. (2010, June)
    • Timiskaming District
      • Boston Township
CM 30 +2 other references
  • Québec
    • Nord-du-Québec
      • Jamésie
        • Baie-James
Economic Geology (1996)
    • Outaouais
      • Pontiac RCM
Williams (1990)
China
 
  • Anhui
    • Tongling
      • Fenghuangshan ore field
Yi Li and Youbin Liang (1993)
    • Wuhu
      • Nanling County
Xiong et al. (2022) +1 other reference
  • Fujian
    • Nanping
      • Zhenghe County
Fan et al. (2025)
  • Hubei
    • Enshi Autonomous Prefecture (E'xi Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Enshi Co.
Minzhi Yang (2000) +3 other references
    • Huanggang
      • Macheng Co.
Li et al. (2026)
    • Huangshi
      • Daye Co.
        • Edong Mining District
Li et al. (2024)
Wu et al. (2024)
    • Shiyan
      • Yunxi Co.
Yeming Zhang et al. (2000)
    • Yichang
      • Xingshan Co.
Chao Chen and Fapeng Xie (1986) +1 other reference
  • Hunan
    • Chenzhou
      • Guiyang Co.
        • Baoshan ore field (Baoshan Mine)
Mengxiang Zhou (2006)
        • Huangshaping Pb-Zn-polymetallic ore field
Weining Zhou (1994)
    • Zhangjiajie
      • Cili Co.
Wallis (2006)
  • Inner Mongolia
    • Hulunbuir City (Hulunbei'er Prefecture)
      • New Barag Right Banner (Xin Barag Youqi)
Zhicheng Lü et al. (2002) +2 other references
  • Jiangxi
    • Jiujiang
      • Ruichang Co.
Weining Zhou (1994)
  • Shaanxi
    • Ankang
      • Xunyang County
Yazhou Sha et al. (2013)
  • Shanxi
    • Datong
      • Lingqiu County
Zhaolong Li and Lianying Zhang (1999) +2 other references
  • Sichuan
    • Liangshan Yi
      • Huili County
Zhi Li et al. (1973) +1 other reference
  • Xinjiang
    • Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
      • Yining Co.
Lianhui Dong and Changlie Tian (2001) +1 other reference
Bingyu Zhu et al. (2010)
    • Turpan
      • Shanshan Co.
Zhang et al. (2025)
  • Zhejiang
    • Lishui
      • Suichang County
        • Suichang gold mine
Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1985) +1 other reference
Czech Republic
 
  • Central Bohemian Region
    • Kutná Hora District
      • Kutná Hora
Pažout et al. (2019)
Škácha et al. (2017)
      • Příbram
        • Bytíz
Škácha (2015)
  • Hradec Králové Region
    • Trutnov District
      • Špindlerův Mlýn
        • Labská
Sejkora et al. (2016)
        • Medvědín
Plášil J. (2010)
  • Liberec Region
Scharm +7 other references
  • Olomouc Region
    • Jeseník District
Sejkora (2016)
      • Javorník
        • Zálesí
Sejkora J. et al. (2006) +1 other reference
  • Plzeň Region
    • Klatovy District
Sejkora et al. (2009)
    • Plzeň-North District
Pauliš et al. (2019)
Veselovský (2019)
    • Tachov District
      • Zadní Chodov
Scharmová (1998)
  • South Bohemian Region
    • Písek District
      • Kovářov
        • Předbořice
Strübel +2 other references
  • Ústí nad Labem Region
    • Teplice District
      • Moldava
Sejkora (1994) +1 other reference
  • Vysočina Region
    • Žďár nad Sázavou District
      • Nové Město na Moravě
Flégr et al. (2018)
      • Rožná
        • Rožná deposit
Vavřín (1994)
Fiji
 
  • Viti Levu
    • Ba
      • Vatukoula Gold Field (Tavua Gold Field)
        • Vatukoula
Pals et al. (2003)
Finland
 
  • Lapland
    • Kittilä
M. J. Holma and V. J. Keinänen (2006)
    • Portimo complex
Iljina (1994)
France
 
  • Brittany
    • Morbihan
      • Pontivy
        • Guern
R. Pierrot
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Oberwolfach
Walenta (1992) +4 other references
      • Waldshut
        • St Blasien
          • Menzenschwand
Walenta (1992)
    • Karlsruhe Region
      • Baden-Baden
  • Bavaria
    • Upper Palatinate
Seeliger et al. (1965) +1 other reference
  • Brandenburg
    • Spree-Neiße
      • Spremberg
Kopp et al. (2012)
  • Hesse
    • Darmstadt
      • Darmstadt-Dieburg
        • Mühltal
          • Nieder-Ramstadt
Belendorff (2021)
  • Lower Saxony
    • Goslar District
      • Braunlage
        • St Andreasberg
Weiß (1990)
      • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
Weiß (1990)
      • Harz (Landkreis Goslar)
Weiß (1990) +1 other reference
    • Göttingen District
      • Bad Lauterberg
Koch et al. (2018)
      • Walkenried
        • Zorge
Simon et al. (1997)
  • Saxony-Anhalt
    • Mansfeld-Südharz
      • Mansfeld
G. Rose (1828) +1 other reference
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
      • Aue-Bad Schlema
Forster et al. (2004)
      • Marienberg
        • Lauta
Hajek (2010)
Wittern (2001)
    • Mittelsachsen
Wittern (2001)
The Canadian Mineralogist
  • Thuringia
    • Nordhausen District
      • Ellrich
        • Sülzhayn
Heider et al. (2022)
Greenland
 
  • Kujalleq
    • Qaqortoq
Anthony et al. (1990) +1 other reference
Hungary
 
  • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
    • Sátoraljaújhely District
      • Füzérradvány
Kupi-Zajzon
Indonesia
 
  • Banten Province
    • Pandeglang Regency
Angeles et al. (2002) +1 other reference
  • Central Sulawesi Province
    • Talau
      • Poboya Gold Mine
Rivai +1 other reference
  • North Maluku Province
    • Halmahera Island
      • Gosowong Goldfield
Newcrest Mining Ltd
  • West Sumatra Province
Simon et al. (1997)
Iran
 
  • Sistan and Baluchestan Province
    • Iranshahr County
      • Bazman Volcano
Ali Sholeh et al. (2016)
Italy
 
  • Liguria
    • La Spezia Province
      • Deiva Marina
Moroni et al. (2019)
Japan
 
  • Fukuoka Prefecture
    • Munakata City
Matsukuma (1962)
  • Fukushima Prefecture
    • Koriyama City
Shikazono (1985)
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Ishikari Subprefecture
      • Sapporo City
島倉広至 et al. (2015)
    • Kamikawa Subprefecture
      • Shimokawa
Sugaki et al. (1982) +1 other reference
    • Okhotsk Subprefecture
      • Monbetsu City
Tharalson +5 other references
      • Monbetsu District
Zeeck et al. (2021)
Soberano et al. (2025)
    • Sōya Subprefecture
      • Esashi District
        • Esashi
Sorulen et al. (2019)
            • Pankenai
Thomas (2019)
  • Hyogo Prefecture
    • Toyooka City
Shikazono (1985)
  • Kagoshima Prefecture
WARREN (2005) +3 other references
... +2 other references
    • Ichikikushikino City
Masutomi Museum specimens +4 other references
TAKEUCHI et al. (1984)
    • Okuchi City
      • Okuchi mine (Oguchi mine)
Shikazono (1985)
  • Okayama Prefecture
    • Ibara City
      • Higashi-Mihara
        • Mihara mine
Shikazono (1985)
    • Mimasaka city
      • Miyahara
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2012)
  • Shizuoka Prefecture
    • Shimoda City
      • Rendaiji
- (n.d.)
Jordan
 
  • Amman Governorate
    • Transjordan Plateau
      • Daba-Siwaqa complex
        • Hashem region
          • Lisdan-Siwaga Fault
            • Siwaga
              • Tulul al Hammam
Sokol +9 other references
Mexico
 
  • Guanajuato
    • Guanajuato Municipality
      • Guanajuato
Panczner (1987)
Solana Espinosa +2 other references
Panczner (1987)
Solé et al. (2021)
      • La Luz
Panczner (1987)
Panczner (1987)
  • Puebla
    • Ixtacamaxtitlán Municipality
Almaden Minerals
  • Sonora
    • Moctezuma Municipality
      • Moctezuma
Christian Rewitzer personal collection ...
Namibia
 
  • Oshikoto Region
    • Tsumeb
Desor (SEM-EDS 04/2020)
New Zealand
 
  • Auckland Region
Boyle (1979)
Christie et al. (2007)
Simon et al. (1997)
  • Waikato Region
    • Hauraki District
Fyfe (2014)
Simpson et al. (2007) +1 other reference
Simpson et al. (2011)
    • Thames-Coromandel District
      • Coromandel peninsula
Fitzgerald (2004)
      • Hikuai
        • Broken Hills
Cocker et al. (2013)
Norway
 
  • Buskerud
    • Flesberg
Kullerud et al. (2018)
        • Vinoren Southern Mines
Kullerud et al. (2018)
    • Kongsberg
Bullock et al. (2018)
      • Underberget Mining Field
Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2005)
Frigstad (1972)
  • Nordland
    • Hamarøy
Neumann (1985)
Peru
 
  • Arequipa
    • Caravelí Province
      • Huanu-Huanu District
Crespo +4 other references
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Głogów County
      • Gmina Jerzmanowa
        • Bądzów
KGHM Polska Miedź
    • Karkonosze County
      • Gmina Janowice Wielkie
        • Janowice Wielkie
Kozłowski et al. (2022)
    • Kłodzko County
      • Gmina Stronie Śląskie
Pringle et al. (1980) +4 other references
Piestrzyński et al. (2012)
    • Polkowice County
      • Gmina Radwanice
        • Sieroszowice
Chmielewski et al. (2022)
    • Wrocław County
      • Gmina Sobótka
        • Nasławice
Galuskin et al. (2003)
Portugal
 
  • Beja
    • Castro Verde
      • Santa Bárbara de Padrões
Lundin Mining 
Romania
 
  • Bihor County
    • Nucet
Cook et al. (2002) +1 other reference
  • Hunedoara County
    • Certeju de Sus
Popescu et al. (2010)
Russia
 
  • Altai Krai
    • Zmeinogorsky District
Barton et al. (1978) +1 other reference
  • Bashkortostan
    • Uchalinsky District
Belogub et al. (2008)
Vishnevsky A. V. et al. (2017) +1 other reference
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Kartalinsky District
Azovskova et al. (2019)
    • Sosnovsky District
      • Pervomayskiy
Plotinskaya et al. (2020)
    • Verkhneuralsky District
      • Uzelga VHMS deposits
Ayupova et al. (2015) +2 other references
  • Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
    • Anadyrsky District
Zhuravkova et al. (2019) +1 other reference
    • Bilibinsky District
Bortnikov et al. (2022)
      • Vesenniy
Nikolaev et al. (2016)
Nikolaev et al. (2016)
    • Chaunskii District (Chaun)
Volkov et al. (2011)
    • Okhotsk-Chukotka belt
Kolova et al. (2021)
Sidorov et al. (1994) +2 other references
Beliaeva et al. (2022)
Pekov (1998)
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Bystrinsky District
      • Central Kamchatka mining district
        • Baranyevskoe ore field
Bortnikov et al. (2023)
    • Koryak Okrug
      • Karaginsky District
Anastasiya SERGEEVA (2023) +1 other reference
Zhegunov et al. (2025)
Sidorov +5 other references
Spiridonov et al. (2009, April)
Pekov et al. (2026)
      • Olyutorsky district
Palyanova et al. (2023)
Palyanova et al. (2023)
      • Penzhinsky district
Bortnikov et al. (2023)
    • Yelizovsky District
Takahashi +5 other references
Tolstykh et al. (2022)
Bortnikov et al. (2023)
  • Khabarovsk Krai
    • Evensk ore district
Макшаков et al. (СЕВЕРНОЕ ПРИОХОТЬЕ)
Буханова (2018)
    • Nikolayevsky District
Fats’yanov et al. (2010, November) +1 other reference
  • Krasnoyarsk Krai
    • Western Sayan range
Kiseleva et al. (2024)
  • Magadan Oblast
Sidorov et al. (1994) +1 other reference
    • Omsukchansky District
      • Engteri ore cluster
Пальянова et al. (2016)
Obushkov et al. (2010)
Strujkov et al. (1996) +2 other references
Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Zhuravkova et al. (2015) +2 other references
    • Severo-Evensky District
Volkov et al. (2023)
Tauson et al. (2017)
    • Srednekansky District
Savva et al. (2011) +1 other reference
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex)
Ivanov et al. (2020, July)
Yury L. Voytekhovsky (2008)
  • Primorsky Krai
    • Dalnegorsk Urban District
      • Dalnegorsk
ROGULINA et al. (2004)
  • Republic of Karelia
    • Kondopozhsky District
- (2014)
    • Segezhsky District
Kuleshevich et al. (2012)
[World of Stones 12:49]
    • Aldan
      • Kuranakh ore field
Kondratieva et al. (2021)
Kondratieva et al. (2021)
  • Sakhalin Oblast
    • Kuril Islands
      • Yuzhno-Kurilsky District
        • Kunashir Island
Simon et al. (1997) +1 other reference
  • Tuva
    • Sut-Kholsky District
      • Aldan-Maadyr ore cluster
Kuzhuget et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Kuzhuget et al. (2022)
    • Todzhinsky District
Kuzhuget et al. (2023) +1 other reference
  • Zabaykalsky Krai
    • Kalarsky District
      • Kodar–Udokan ore district
        • Udokan
Novoselov et al. (2020)
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
Ďuďa R. et al. (1993)
    • Žarnovica District
      • Nová Baňa
Vlasáč et al. (2025)
Vlasáč et al. (2025) +1 other reference
    • Žiar nad Hronom District
      • Kremnica
Števko et al. (2018)
  • Košice Region
    • Rožňava District
      • Dobšiná
        • Dobšiná mining district
          • Zemberg-Terézia vein system
Kozub G. et al. (2011)
South Africa
 
  • Limpopo
    • Mopani District Municipality
      • Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality
        • Phalaborwa
Cairncross et al. (1995)
South Korea
 
  • South Jeolla Province
    • Hwasun County
      • Seongsan
Choi et al. (2005) +1 other reference
    • Jindo County
      • Gasado Island
Choi et al. (2005)
Spain
 
  • Catalonia
    • Lleida
      • Pallars Jussà
        • La Vall Fosca
          • La Torre de Cabdella
            • Castell-estaó
Castillo et al. (2009) +1 other reference
Sweden
 
  • Östergötland County
    • Valdemarsvik
Sandström (2007)
  • Värmland County
    • Arvika
      • Glava
Scherbina (1941) +2 other references
Switzerland
 
  • Aargau
    • Rheinfelden
Stalder et al. (1998)
  • Valais
    • Saint-Maurice
      • Salvan
Meisser (2012)
Tajikistan
 
  • Sughd
    • Kandjol ore field
Moralev et al. (1999)
Turkey
 
  • Balikesir Province
    • Ayvalık District
Oyman (2010)
UK
 
  • England
    • Devon
      • Torbay
        • Torquay
Stanley et al. (1990) +1 other reference
  • Scotland
    • North Ayrshire
      • Great Cumbrae
Parnell et al. (2016)
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Coconino County
      • Prospect Canyon Mining District
Wenrich (1989) +2 other references
    • La Paz County
      • Quartzsite
Anthony et al. (1995)
  • California
    • Inyo County
      • Inyo Mts (Inyo Range)
        • Malpais Mesa
Adams (2016) +1 other reference
    • Mono County
      • Bodie Hills
        • Masonic Mining District
          • New York Hill
Vikre et al. (2015)
Marty
    • Nevada County
      • Grass Valley Mining District
          • Idaho-Maryland group
Murdoch (1966) +2 other references
  • Colorado
    • San Miguel County
Shawe et al. (2011)
  • Idaho
    • Custer County
      • Yankee Fork Mining District
Ream
Ream (1995)
Allen (1990)
    • Lemhi County
      • Gravel Range Mining District (Singheiser Mining District)
Ream (1995)
Ream (2004)
    • Owyhee County
Sillitoe (1985)
Ream (1995)
Shannon (1920) +3 other references
Ream (2004)
      • Flint Mining District
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
Rocks & Min. 70:255 +1 other reference
- (2005)
    • Valley County
Leonard et al. (1987)
  • Nevada
    • Elko County
      • Gold Circle Mining District (Midas Mining District)
Castor et al. (2004)
Castor et al. (2004)
Castor et al. (2004) +2 other references
Tharalson +6 other references
      • Ivanhoe Mining District
Cain et al. (2007)
      • Jarbidge Mining District
- (2005) +1 other reference
LaPointe et al. (199) +1 other reference
    • Humboldt County
      • Awakening Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
Saunders (1994) +1 other reference
      • National Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
        • Buckskin Mountain
Vikre (1985)
- (2005) +1 other reference
Castor et al. (2004)
      • Sulphur Mining District
        • Sulphur
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Lander County
      • Bullion Mining District
        • Robertson - Triplet Project
Mankins (2022)
    • Lincoln County
      • Delamar Mining District
Hayes et al. (2019)
    • Lyon County
      • Singatse Range
        • Yerington Mining District
Aird et al. (2021)
    • Mineral County
      • Aurora Mining District
- (2005)
- (2005)
Castor et al. (2004)
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Nye County
      • Bullfrog Hills
Castor et al. (1993)
Castor et al. (1993)
          • Rhyolite
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Pershing County
      • Kennedy Mining District
        • Lamberson Mine
- (2005)
      • Rosebud Mining District
Walstrom (n.d.) +1 other reference
      • Scossa Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
      • Seven Troughs Mining District
Von Bargen (1999)
    • Shoshone Mountains
Part 1 +2 other references
  • Texas
    • Brewster County
Smith (1991)
    • Presidio County
      • Chinati Mountains
Smith (1991)
  • Washington
    • Chelan County
      • Wenatchee Mining District
Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
Cannon (1975) +2 other references
    • Ferry County
      • Republic Mining District
Valentine et al. (1960) +3 other references
Simon et al. (1997)
John Lindell Collection
  • Wyoming
    • Natrona County
      • Rattlesnake Hills
Ripple
Uzbekistan
 
  • Navoiy
    • Central Kyzylkum Region
      • Bel'tau Mountains
Koneev et al. (2005)
      • Zarafshan
        • Muruntau ore field
Koneev et al. (2005)
Koneev et al. (2005)
  • Samarqand
Сайитов et al. (2023)
  • Tashkent
    • Chatkal-Kuraminskii Range
Rustam Koneev et al. (2005)
Zambia
 
  • Central Province
    • Kabwe District
      • Kabwe
Southwood et al. (2019)
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