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Mckinstryite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Mckinstryite

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Mckinstryite, etc.

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Mckinstryite

Mogollon Mining District, Mogollon Mountains, Catron County, New Mexico, USA

Mckinstryite

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Mckinstryite, etc.

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Mckinstryite

Mogollon Mining District, Mogollon Mountains, Catron County, New Mexico, USA

Mckinstryite

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Mckinstryite, etc.

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

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About MckinstryiteHide

Hugh E. McKinstry

Formula:

Ag_5-xCu_3+xS₄

x ≈ 0-0.28

Colour:

Steel gray

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

1½ - 2½

Specific Gravity:

6.61

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Name:

Named in honor of Hugh Exton McKinstry (5 May 1896, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA - 30 June 1961), Professor of Geology, Harvard University, "in recognition of his many contributions to the geology and geochemistry of precious and base-metal deposits." Among other roles, he was president of the Society of Economic Geologists.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Foster Mine, Coleman Township, Cobalt area, Cobalt-Gowganda region, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada

Low-temperature sulphide, often associated with the chemically related stromeyerite and jalpaite.
Formula previously given in a simplified way as (Ag,Cu)₂S, now revised to ~Ag₅Cu₃S₄ on the basis of a crystal structure solution (Kolitsch, 2010).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2619

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2619:8

IMA Classification of MckinstryiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Ag₅Cu₃S₄

Approval year:

1966

First published:

1966

Type description reference:

Skinner, Brian J., Jambor, John L., Ross, Malcolm (1966) Mckinstryite, a new copper-silver sulfide. Economic Geology, 61 (8) 1383-1389 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.61.8.1383

Classification of MckinstryiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.BA.40

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
A : With Cu, Ag, Au

Dana 8th ed.:

2.4.5.1

2 : SULFIDES
4 : A_mB_nX_p, with (m+n):p = 2:1

Hey's CIM Ref.:

3.2.11

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
2 : Sulphides etc. of Ag

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Mck	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of MckinstryiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Steel gray

Comment:

Tarnishes to dark gray to black

Streak:

Dark steel-gray

Hardness:

1½ - 2½ on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₂₅=43 - 45 kg/mm² - Vickers

Cleavage:

Poor/Indistinct
One poor direction.

Fracture:

Sub-Conchoidal

Density:

6.61 g/cm³ (Measured) 6.57 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of MckinstryiteHide

Anisotropism:

Strong in gray, pale grayish blue and light tan.

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)	R₂ (%)
400nm	34.0%	40.1%
420nm	34.0%	39.5%
440nm	33.9%	39.8%
460nm	33.7%	37.8%
480nm	32.9%	36.6%
500nm	31.9%	35.3%
520nm	31.0%	34.2%
540nm	30.2%	33.3%
560nm	29.6%	32.4%
580nm	29.1%	31.7%
600nm	28.7%	31.1%
620nm	28.5%	30.5%
640nm	28.2%	30.1%
660nm	27.9%	29.4%
680nm	27.6%	28.8%
700nm	27.4%	28.4%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 40.1%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

Light grayish white.

Chemistry of MckinstryiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Ag_5-xCu_3+xS₄

x ≈ 0-0.28

Elements listed:

Ag, Cu, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of MckinstryiteHide

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal

Space Group:

Pnma

Cell Parameters:

a = 14.043 Å, b = 7.803 Å, c = 15.677 Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.8 : 1 : 2.009

Unit Cell V:

1,717.85 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Granular aggregates.

Comment:

Cell data for type material.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0014598	Mckinstryite	Kolitsch U (2010) The crystal structure and compositional range of mckinstryite Mineralogical Magazine 74 73-84		2010	Clara Mine, Black Forest, Germany	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Mckinstryite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Kolitsch U'
_journal_name_full 'Mineralogical Magazine'
_journal_volume 74 
_journal_year 2010
_journal_page_first 73
_journal_page_last 84
_publ_section_title
;
 The crystal structure and compositional range of mckinstryite
;
_database_code_amcsd 0014598
_chemical_compound_source 'Clara Mine, Black Forest, Germany'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Ag4.925 Cu3.075 S4'
_cell_length_a 14.047
_cell_length_b 7.805
_cell_length_c 15.691
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 1720.312
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      6.602
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P n m a'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  'x,1/2-y,z'
  '-x,1/2+y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
  '1/2+x,y,1/2-z'
  '1/2-x,-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Ag(1)   0.09176   0.54813   0.09008   1.00000   0.04316
Ag(2)   0.14746   0.04547   0.28118   1.00000   0.04047
Ag(3)   0.14968   0.04447   0.47155   0.92500   0.03882
Cu(7)   0.14968   0.04447   0.47155   0.07500   0.03882
Ag(4)   0.36551   0.05378   0.38286   1.00000   0.05449
Ag(5)   0.40752   0.03828   0.17491   1.00000   0.04716
Cu(1)   0.20523   0.25000   0.62233   1.00000   0.02783
Cu(2)   0.21109   0.25000   0.13139   1.00000   0.02890
Cu(3)   0.25446   0.25000   0.87318   1.00000   0.03110
Cu(4)   0.46383   0.25000   0.00358   1.00000   0.03040
Cu(5)   0.46884   0.25000   0.74449   1.00000   0.02609
Cu(6)   0.55523   0.25000   0.50127   1.00000   0.03300
S(1)   0.04573   0.25000   0.62453   1.00000   0.02060
S(2)   0.30802   0.25000   0.73871   1.00000   0.01990
S(3)   0.30710   0.25000   0.50522   1.00000   0.02860
S(4)   0.04782   0.25000   0.13756   1.00000   0.02230
S(5)   0.30319   0.25000   0.00898   1.00000   0.02180
S(6)   0.30764   0.25000   0.25144   1.00000   0.02690
S(7)   0.58011   0.25000   0.63763   1.00000   0.02190
S(8)   0.05990   0.25000   0.37751   1.00000   0.02610
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Ag(1) 0.05930 0.02420 0.04590 -0.00311 0.00530 0.00332
Ag(2) 0.04960 0.02470 0.04710 -0.00009 0.00790 -0.00727
Ag(3) 0.04260 0.02560 0.04820 0.00121 -0.00780 0.00663
Cu(7) 0.04260 0.02560 0.04820 0.00121 -0.00780 0.00663
Ag(4) 0.06300 0.02450 0.07590 0.00650 0.00930 -0.00170
Ag(5) 0.04530 0.02880 0.06740 0.00221 0.00840 -0.01190
Cu(1) 0.01790 0.03270 0.03290 0.00000 -0.00170 0.00000
Cu(2) 0.02200 0.03270 0.03210 0.00000 0.00230 0.00000
Cu(3) 0.04390 0.02770 0.02160 0.00000 0.00070 0.00000
Cu(4) 0.02080 0.03530 0.03500 0.00000 -0.00110 0.00000
Cu(5) 0.02030 0.02690 0.03100 0.00000 -0.00170 0.00000
Cu(6) 0.04280 0.03310 0.02300 0.00000 0.00560 0.00000
S(1) 0.01590 0.02650 0.01930 0.00000 -0.00010 0.00000
S(2) 0.01550 0.02620 0.01790 0.00000 -0.00160 0.00000
S(3) 0.02150 0.04310 0.02120 0.00000 0.00190 0.00000
S(4) 0.01760 0.02670 0.02260 0.00000 0.00040 0.00000
S(5) 0.01440 0.03180 0.01910 0.00000 0.00130 0.00000
S(6) 0.02120 0.03420 0.02540 0.00000 -0.00070 0.00000
S(7) 0.01760 0.02310 0.02500 0.00000 0.00380 0.00000
S(8) 0.02410 0.02920 0.02510 0.00000 0.00450 0.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.606 Å	(100)
2.070 Å	(70)
3.51 Å	(60)
3.06 Å	(60)
2.862 Å	(60)
1.948 Å	(50)
2.567 Å	(40)

Comments:

Foster mine, Cobalt, Canada. The data are from the type description.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Geological Setting:

Low temperature hydrothermal deposits.

Type Occurrence of MckinstryiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Foster Mine, Coleman Township, Cobalt area, Cobalt-Gowganda region, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada

General Appearance of Type Material:

Masses of intergrown crystals 0.2 to 3 mm in diameter.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, number 12136 (holotype).
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, number 120056 (type).
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, number 108804.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Ag-Co-Ni-Cu deposit.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Actinolite	Arsenopyrite	Calcite	Chalcopyrite	Native Silver
Stromeyerite

Reference:

Skinner, Brian J., Jambor, John L., Ross, Malcolm (1966) Mckinstryite, a new copper-silver sulfide. Economic Geology, 61 (8) 1383-1389 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.61.8.1383

Synonyms of MckinstryiteHide

IMA1966-012

Mackinstryite

Other Language Names for MckinstryiteHide

Dutch:Mckinstryiet

German:Mckinstryit

Simplified Chinese:马硫铜银矿

Spanish:Mckinstryita

Traditional Chinese:馬硫銅銀礦

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

2 photos of Mckinstryite associated with Stromeyerite	AgCuS
2 photos of Mckinstryite associated with Azurite	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
2 photos of Mckinstryite associated with Balkanite	Cu₉Ag₅HgS₈
2 photos of Mckinstryite associated with Plumbogummite	PbAl₃(PO₄)(PO₃OH)(OH)₆
1 photo of Mckinstryite associated with Native Silver	Ag
1 photo of Mckinstryite associated with Iodargyrite	AgI
1 photo of Mckinstryite associated with Sphalerite	ZnS
1 photo of Mckinstryite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
1 photo of Mckinstryite associated with Vaterite	CaCO₃
1 photo of Mckinstryite associated with Jalpaite	Ag₃CuS₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.BA.	Makotoite	Ag₁₂(Cu₃Au)S₈	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
2.BA.	Alburnite	Ag₈GeTe₂S₄	Iso.
2.BA.	Dzierżanowskite	CaCu₂S₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
2.BA.	Xuwenyuanite	Ag₉Fe³⁺Te₂S₄	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.BA.	'Orileyite'	(Fe,Cu)₂As
2.BA.	Juxingite	Bi₆Cu⁺₁₃₈Cu²⁺₂Fe³⁺₃₀S₁₂₅	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.BA.05	Djurleite	Cu₃₁S₁₆	Mon. 2/m
2.BA.05	Geerite	Cu₈S₅	Trig. 3
2.BA.05	Roxbyite	Cu₅₈S₃₂	Tric. 1 : P1
2.BA.05	Chalcocite	Cu₂S	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.BA.10	Digenite	Cu₉S₅	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.BA.10	Anilite	Cu₇S₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.BA.15	Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
2.BA.20	Bellidoite	Cu₂Se	Tet. 4/m : P4₂/n
2.BA.20	Berzelianite	Cu_2-xSe (x ≈ 0.12)	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fm3m
2.BA.25	Athabascaite	Cu₅Se₄	Orth.
2.BA.25	Umangite	Cu₃Se₂	Tet. 42m : P42₁m
2.BA.30	Rickardite	Cu₇Te₅	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmmn
2.BA.30	Weissite	Cu_2-xTe	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mmm
2.BA.35	Acanthite	Ag₂S	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.BA.35	Spryite	Ag₈(As³⁺_0.5As⁵⁺_0.5)S₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.BA.40d	'UM2003-13-S:AgAuCu'	Ag₆AuCu₂S₅
2.BA.40	Stromeyerite	AgCuS	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.BA.42	Honeaite	Au₃TlTe₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcm
2.BA.45	Jalpaite	Ag₃CuS₂	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/amd
2.BA.45	Selenojalpaite	Ag₃CuSe₂	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4₁/amd
2.BA.45	Kurilite	Ag₈Te₃Se	Trig. 3 : R3
2.BA.47	Spiridonovite	(Cu_1-xAg_x)₂Te	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3c1
2.BA.50	Wuyanzhiite	Cu₂S	Tet. 422 : P4₃2₁2
2.BA.50	Eucairite	AgCuSe	Orth.
2.BA.52	'Argentite'	Ag₂S	Iso.
2.BA.55	Naumannite	Ag₂Se	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
2.BA.55	Aguilarite	Ag₄SeS	Mon. 2/m
2.BA.60	Chenguodaite	Ag₉Fe³⁺Te₂S₄	Orth.
2.BA.60	Hessite	Ag₂Te	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.BA.60	Cervelleite	Ag₄TeS	Mon. 2/m
2.BA.65	Henryite	(Cu,Ag)_3+xTe₂ , with x ~ 0.40	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3c
2.BA.65	Stützite	Ag_5-xTe₃, x = 0.24-0.36	Hex. 6 : P6
2.BA.70	Argyrodite	Ag₈GeS₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.BA.70	Putzite	(Cu_4.7Ag_3.3)GeS₆	Iso. 43m : F43m
2.BA.70	Canfieldite	Ag₈SnS₆	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.BA.75	Fischesserite	Ag₃AuSe₂	Iso. 432 : I4₁32
2.BA.75	Uytenbogaardtite	Ag₃AuS₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
2.BA.75	Penzhinite	(Ag,Cu)₄Au(S,Se)₄	Hex. 622 : P6₃22
2.BA.75	Petrovskaite	AuAgS	Mon.
2.BA.75	Petzite	Ag₃AuTe₂	Iso. 432 : I4₁32
2.BA.80	Bezsmertnovite	(Au,Ag)₄Cu(Te,Pb)	Orth.
2.BA.80	Bilibinskite	PbCu₂Au₃Te₂	Iso.
2.BA.80	Bogdanovite	(Au,Te,Pb)₃(Cu,Fe)	Iso.

Other InformationHide

Thermal Behaviour:

Stable below 94.4 degrees C.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for MckinstryiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-2619.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Look for Mckinstryite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for MckinstryiteHide

Reference List:

Djurle, Seved, Sørensen, P., Stenhagen, Einar, Hartiala, K., Veige, S., Diczfalusy, E. (1958) An X-Ray Study on the System Ag-Cu-S. Acta Chemica Scandinavica, 12. 1427-1436 doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.12-1427

Skinner, Brian John (1966) The system Cu-Ag-S. Economic Geology, 61 (1) 1-26 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.61.1.1

Skinner, Brian J., Jambor, John L., Ross, Malcolm (1966) Mckinstryite, a new copper-silver sulfide. Economic Geology, 61 (8) 1383-1389 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.61.8.1383

Fleischer, M. (1967) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 52 (7-8) 1253-1254

Fleischer, Michael (1969) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 54 (1-2) 326-330

Robinson, B. W., Morton, R. D. (1971) Mckinstryite from the Echo Bay Mine, N.W.T., Canada. Economic Geology, 66 (2) 342-347 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.66.2.342

Bergstøl, S., Vokes, F.M. (1974) Stromeyerite and mckinstryite from the Godejord polymetallic sulphide deposit, central Norweigan Caledonides. Mineralium Deposita, 9 (4) doi:10.1007/bf00206635

Taguchi, Yasuro, Oba, Minoru, Kizawa, Yoji (1974) Jalpaite and Mckinstryite from the Sado Mine, Niigata Prefecture. Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Japan, 11 (6) 345-358 doi:10.2465/gkk1952.11.345

Yarenskaya, M.A.; Kostogonov, V.G.; Muratov, E.M.; Slyusarev, A.P. (1975) First find of mackinstryite in the USSR. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 104: 62-65. (in Russian)

Doubek, Z., Rychlý, R., Siegl, J. (1980) Secondary mckinstryite crystals, Cu0.8Ag1.2S. Crystal Reasearch & Technology: K98.

Pekov, I.V. and Karpenko, V.Yu. (1996) Unusual stromeyerite-mckinstryite pseudomorphs after dyscrasite in the Sarbai deposit of northern Kazakhstan. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, Seriya 4: Geologiya, (6), 45-50 (in Russian).

Schmidt, J.A. and Sagua, A.E. (1999) The chemical diffusion coefficient of silver in Ag1.2Cu0.8S (-phase) determined by the potentiometric method. Anales de la Asociacion Quimica Argentina: 87: 111-120.

(2005) Mckinstryite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Kolitsch, U. (2010) The crystal structure and compositional range of mckinstryite. Mineralogical Magazine, 74 (1) 73-84 doi:10.1180/minmag.2010.074.1.73

Localities for MckinstryiteHide

Showing 91 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.



Argentina
Catamarca Province Belén Department Hualfín ⓘ La Blende deposit	Márquez-Zavalía et al. (2016)
Santa Cruz Province Deseado Department ⓘ Cerro Moro deposit	Mugas Lobos et al. (2020)
Lago Buenos Aires Department ⓘ Eureka West	Permuy Vidal et al. (2016)

Australia
New South Wales Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district ⓘ Broken Hill	Birch (1999)
Western Australia City of Karratha Karratha ⓘ Elizabeth Hill Mine (Elizabeth Hills Mine; Elizabeth Hill Silver mine)	Marshall (2001) +1 other reference

Austria
Salzburg Zell am See District Leogang Hütten Schwarzleograben ⓘ Schwarzleo mining district	Exel (1993)
ⓘ Erasmus adit	R.Poeverlein (2016)

Bolivia
Potosí Chayanta Province Colquechaca Municipality ⓘ Colquechaca	Dr. Werner Paar analyses

Brazil
Pará Curionópolis ⓘ Serra Pelada claims	Berni et al. (2016)

Canada
Northwest Territories North Slave Region Great Bear Lake ⓘ Port Radium District	Tyson (1989)
ⓘ Echo Bay Mine (Cross Fault shaft)	Robinson et al. (1971)
Ontario Timiskaming District Cobalt-Gowganda region ⓘ Cobalt area	159-161. +1 other reference
Coleman Township ⓘ Foster Mine (TL)	Dana 7:I:343. +1 other reference
ⓘ Silverfields mine (Alexandra mine)	Richard Gunter
Québec Abitibi-Témiscamingue Abitibi RCM Preissac ⓘ LaRonde Mine (LaRonde Penna deposit; Penna shaft)	Agnico Eagle Mines Limited

Chile
Atacama Copiapó Province Tierra Amarilla Pabellón Sierra Jardín ⓘ El Jardín mine	Lortie et al. (1987)

China
Jilin Siping Lishu County ⓘ Shanmen Ag-(Au) deposit (Siping Ag-(Au) deposit)	Dong Zhensheng et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Shandong Yantai Zhaoyuan City ⓘ Funan Au deposit (Bunan)	Gu et al. (2003)
Shanxi Datong Lingqiu County ⓘ Zhijiadi Mine	Xiumei Xiao (1992) +3 other references

Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Kutná Hora District ⓘ Oselské pásmo Lode	Pažout et al. (2026)
Příbram District Milín ⓘ Uranium Mine No. 68 (Shaft No. 68)	Škácha et al. (2019)
Příbram Březové Hory Březové Hory deposit Anna Mine ⓘ Václav Vein	Dolníček et al. (2024)
Brod Uranium Mine No. 6 (Shaft No. 6) ⓘ B117 hydrothermal vein	Sejkora et al. (2024)
Vrančice ⓘ Alexander Mine	Kohout et al. (1995)
ⓘ Pošepny vein	Šulcová et al. (1986)

Egypt
Red Sea Governorate ⓘ Um Samiuki deposit	Faisal et al. (2022)
ⓘ Western Mine	Canadian Mineralogist Feb. 1999 +2 other references

Europe
ⓘ Sedmochislenitsi Mine (Sedmocislenici Mine)	ATANASSOVA +4 other references

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	Kolitsch et al. (2010)
Lower Saxony ⓘ Unspecified slag localities	Schnorrer-Köhler (1988)

Indonesia
West Java Province Bogor Regency ⓘ Gunung Pongkor Mine	Syafrizal +5 other references

Iran
Zanjan Province Zanjan County Chehrabad ⓘ Chehrabad Pb–Zn–Cu deposit	Rajabzadeh et al. (2020)

Japan
Akita Prefecture Odate ⓘ Ezuri mine	ONO et al. (1995)
Hokkaidō Prefecture Ishikari Subprefecture Chitose City ⓘ Koryu mine (Kohryu mine)	Shimizu et al. (1998)
Hyogo Prefecture Kawabe District Inagawa-cho ⓘ Tada mine (Tada-gin-douzan; Tada-ginzan; Tada silver-copper mine) ?	Imai et al. (1972) +2 other references
Niigata Prefecture Sado City ⓘ Sado mine	Taguchi et al. (1974)
Shimane Prefecture Ōda City ⓘ Iwami mine (Iwami-ginzan)	Akasaka (2007)
ⓘ Fukuishi deposit	Akasaka et al. (2007, August) +1 other reference

Kazakhstan
Kostanay Region Rudny ⓘ Sarbai Deposit	Pekov et al. (1996) +1 other reference
ⓘ Sokolovskoe Iron Mine	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Pavlodar Region ⓘ Tort-Kuduk Ag-Au deposit (Tort Kudak)	Anthony et al. (1990)

Malaysia
Pahang Pekan District ⓘ Bukit Botol	Basori et al. (2021)
ⓘ Bukit Ketaya	Basori et al. (2021)
Sarawak Kuching Division Bau ⓘ Gunung Arong Bakit	Wolfram Dieter Schuh (1993)

Mexico
Chihuahua Chínipas Municipality Palmarejo ⓘ Palmarejo Mine	Sotelo (2016)

Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet Region Ouarzazate Province Ouarzazate Cercle Skoura Caïdat ⓘ Tagmout deposit	Moussaid et al. (2023)

Namibia
Oshikoto Region Tsumeb ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine)	Desor (11/2020)

New Zealand
Waikato Region Hauraki District ⓘ Karangahake	Simpson et al. (2019)
ⓘ Waihi	Fyfe (2014)
ⓘ Favona Mine	Fyfe (2014)
ⓘ Martha Mine (Waihi Mine)	Simpson et al. (2011)

Norway
Nordland Hemnes Bleikvasslia ⓘ Bleikvassli Mine	Cook et al. (1998)
Trøndelag Grong Godejorda ⓘ Godejords prospect (John Godejord's prospect)	Bergstøl et al. (1974)
Trondheim Bymarka ⓘ Vintervannet	Størseth (2016)

Peru
Ayacucho Parinacochas Province ⓘ Pallancata deposit	Gamarra-Urrunaga et al. (2013)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship ⓘ Lubin–Głogów mining district	Piestrzyński et al. (2012)
Lubin County ⓘ Lubin	Kucha H. 2007: Mineralogia kruszcowa i ...
ⓘ Lubin Główny shafts	Kozub-Budzyń et al. (2018)
Polkowice County Gmina Radwanice Sieroszowice ⓘ Radwanice-Gaworzyce deposit	Chmielewski et al. (2022)

Russia
Altai Krai Zmeinogorsky District ⓘ Zmeinogorsk Mine (Zmyeinogorsk Mine)	Sejkora et al. (2023)
Buryatia Okinsky District ⓘ Zun-Ospa deposits	Damdinov et al. (2018)
Chelyabinsk Oblast Verkhneuralsky District Uzelga VHMS deposits ⓘ Molodezhnoye deposit	Maslennikov et al. (2013)
Magadan Oblast Omsukchansky District Primorskoe deposit ⓘ Teplyi	Savva et al. (2019)
ⓘ Teploe deposit	Volkov et al. (2018)
Srednekansky District ⓘ Ol’cha gold-silver deposit	Savva et al. (2011) +1 other reference
Murmansk Oblast Voron'i Tundry ⓘ Oleninskoye gold deposity	A. A. Kalinin et al. (2016)
Tuva Todzhinsky District ⓘ Ak-Sug ore cluster	Shadchin et al. (2024)
Zabaykalsky Krai Gazimuro-Zavodsky District Lugokan ore cluster ⓘ Lugokanskoe Cu-Au-Fe deposit	Redin et al. (2020)
Kalarsky District Kodar–Udokan ore district Udokan ⓘ Unkur deposit	Novoselov et al. (2020)

Saudi Arabia
Al-Qassim Region ⓘ Jabal Zalm area	Bakhsh (2018)
ⓘ Metabasite dykes	Bakhsh (2018)

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Banská Štiavnica District ⓘ Banská Štiavnica	Háber M. et al. (1994)
Žarnovica District Rudno nad Hronom ⓘ Rudno nad Hronom-Brehy deposit	Vlasáč et al. (2024)
Nitra Region Levice District ⓘ Pukanec	Mikuš et al. (2026)

Sweden
Gävleborg County Sandviken ⓘ Vindfall	Kieft et al. (1984)
Örebro County Hällefors Grythyttan ⓘ Hasselhöjden
Värmland County Arvika Glava ⓘ Glava copper mining field (Yttre Rud Mines)	Bonev et al. (2005)

Turkey
Balikesir Province Sındırgı District ⓘ Kiziltepe deposit	Blanks et al. (2014)
Gümüşhane Province ⓘ Istala Zn-Pb-Cu deposit	Beih. z. Eur. J. Mineral 18 (2006)

USA
Alaska Juneau Admiralty Mining District ⓘ Greens Creek (Big Sore Mine)	Taylor
Arizona Cochise County ⓘ Tombstone Mining District	Anthony et al. (1995)
Colorado Clear Creek County Georgetown District ⓘ Gabanta	Eckel et al. (1997)
Illinois Mine ⓘ Payrock Mine	Grybeck et al. (1968) +1 other reference
Mineral County Creede Mining District ⓘ Bulldog Mountain Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ North Amethyst vein	Foley +4 other references
Nevada Nye County ⓘ Gold Crater Mining District ?	Castor et al. (2004)
New Mexico Catron County Mogollon Mountains ⓘ Mogollon Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Grant County Big Burro Mountains Black Hawk Mining District ⓘ Twin Peaks	[Rocks & Minerals Vol 68 March/April ...
ⓘ Black Hawk Mine	[Rocks & Minerals Vol 68 March/April ...

Uzbekistan
Namangan Region ⓘ Chadak mine	Kozlov et al. (1996)

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